Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen was employed in treating 70 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC). There were 25 cases with small PLC (less than or equal to 5 cm). The postoperative course was uneventful in all. The 1-5 year survival rates were 59.1% (39/66), 37.5% (24/64), 27.0% (17/63), 17.5% (10/57), 12.5% (7/56), respectively in the whole series. The 1-5 year survival rates were 48.4% (15/31), 16.1% (5/31), 6.5% (2/31), 6.5% (2/31), 3.2% (1/31) for 31 cases treated 1973-1977, and 68.6% (24/35), 57.6% (19/33), 46.9% (15/32), 30.8% (8/26), 24.0% (6/25) for 39 cases treated 1978-1989. It is suggested that hepatic cryosurgery is a promising and safe treatment for non-resectable PLC. The remarkable improvement in survival in the latter time period might be attributed to the increased incidence of small PLC, the combined use of hepatic artery ligation and/or regional chemotherapy by hepatic artery cannulation and multimodality treatment.
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PMID:[Improved cryosurgery for primary liver cancer]. 132 92

From november 1973 to June 1991, cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen was performed on 87 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC). Of these, 27 patients was of stage I (31.0%), 52 in stage II (59.8%), and 8 stage III (9.2%). There were 30 patients with PLC of < or = 5 cm (34.5%). Liver cirrhosis was found in 73 patients (83.9%). In the beginning, plate-like cryoprobes and thermocouples were used to monitor the frozen area. Later on we designed single- and multiple-needle cryoprobes for freezing tumors deeply into the hepatic parenchyma and intraoperative ultrasound was used to monitor hepatic cryolesions. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 60.5%, 32.0%, and 20.2%, respectively. Among the 30 patients with PLC of < or = 5 cm, the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 92.6%, 66.6%, and 50.8%, respectively. There were no operative mortality and complications such as rupture of the tumor, delayed bleeding, and bile leakage. These results indicate that cryosurgery is a safe and effective local treatment for unresectable PLC.
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PMID:[Cryosurgery for primary hepatic cancer of 87 patients]. 133 12

Cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen was employed for the treatment of 60 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC) at the Liver Cancer Research Unit, Zhong Shan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, the People's Republic of China, from November 1973 to August 1987. Of 60 patients, subclinical stage amounted to 35% (21/60), moderate stage 55% (33/60) and late stage 10% (6/60). There were 21 cases with small PLC (less than or equal to 5 cm). The postoperative course was uneventful in all of the 60 patients. These was no operative mortality, and there was no complications such as rupture of tumor, secondary bleeding, bile leakage, or abdominal infection. The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year, and 5-year survival rates were 51.7% (30/58), 33.9% (19/56), 20.8% (11/53), 15.6% (7/45), and 11.4% (5/44), respectively, for the whole series. Among the 21 patients with tumor nodules less than or equal to 5 cm in diameter, the 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year, and 5-year survival rates were 76.2% (16/21), 61.9% (13/21), 50.0% (9/18), 41.2% (7/17), and 37.5% (6/16), respectively. These results indicate that hepatic cryosurgery is a promising, safe, and simple treatment for neoplastic disease of liver. Cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen can be considered the surgery of choice for nonresectable PLC in patients without jaundice, ascites, and noncompensated liver function, and the whole tumor mass can be involved in the frozen area.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of cryosurgery in the treatment of primary liver cancer. Report of 60 cases. 283 43

Since increases in muscle strength are proportional to increases in the cross-sectional diameter of the muscles being trained, the body must convert greater than normal amounts of amino acids available to it to increase size in athletes in training. When androgens became available in the 1930's they were used primarily to restore positive nitrogen balance in victims of starvation. Anabolic steroids, which were developed to avoid unwanted effects of androgens, were first given to weight lifters, but football players and weight throwers were soon using them. From 1965 to 1977, 25 clinical studies were published dealing with the administration of an anabolic-androgenic steroid to adult human males for evaluating changes in strength and, in 10 of these studies, in maximum oxygen consumption. In 12 of these studies, improvements were claimed from the use of these steroids; in the other 13 no improvements were observed. Other studies have shown that in healthy adult males these steroids reduce testosterone and gonadotrophin output, which reduces spermatogenesis. Alterations of normal liver function have been found in up to 80% of persons treated with C17-alkylated testosterone derivatives. Peliosis hepatitis, with liver failure and death, and fatal liver cancer have also been reported in adults so treated. Reliable methods for detecting anabolic steroids in the urine are now used in certain international competitions. Testing, announced bans, and disqualifications have not been effective in controlling the use of the drugs. The best hope for doing so lies in continuing education of athletes and their supervisors.
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PMID:Anabolic steroids are fool's gold. 626 3

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a heme precursor accumulated in acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) and lead poisoning, undergoes metal-catalyzed oxidation in air-equilibrated solutions buffered at neutral pH, yielding free radicals (O2, HO. and ALA.). The capacity of ALA to release iron from horse spleen and rat liver ferritin in vitro and to concomitantly initiate liposome lipid peroxidation was characterized. ALA induced iron release from ferritin in normally aerated solutions, in a dose (0.05-1 mM)- and time (0-120 min)-dependent manner; no reaction occurs under nitrogen. Superoxide dismutase partially inhibited (50% at 100 U/ml) iron release by 0.5 mM ALA, whereas the addition of catalase (50 U/ml) had no effect under these conditions. In phosphatidylcholine: cardiolipin (80:20) liposomes, and in the presence of 2 microM EDTA, ALA (0.025-1 mM) per se had a subtle effect on lipid peroxidation, while after addition of ferritin (0.25 mg/ml) there was a significant increase in lipid peroxidation as evaluated by dose-dependent formation of 2-thiobarbituric-reactive substances and diene conjugation. In vivo, iron accumulation in the liver of ALA-treated rats was observed. Altogether, these data demonstrate the ability of ALA-generated free radicals to release iron from ferritin and to affect iron metabolism in vivo. ALA-mediated iron release from ferritin, therefore, may aggravate oxidative damage to cell components and contribute to the pathology observed in AIP (eg., primary liver cancer) and lead poisoning.
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PMID:5-Aminolevulinic acid induces iron release from ferritin. 784 Jun 72

We have developed an automated approach for determining the sequential order of amino acid spin systems in small proteins. A key step in this procedure is the analysis of multidimensional HCC(CO)NH-TOCSY spectra that provide connections from the aliphatic resonances of residue i to the amide resonances of residue i + 1. These data, combined with information about the amino acid spin systems, provide sufficient constraints to assign most proton and nitrogen resonances of small proteins. Constraint propagation methods progressively narrow the set of possible assignments of amino acid spin systems to sequence-specific positions in the process of NMR data analysis. The constraint satisfaction paradigm provides a framework in which the necessary constraint-based reasoning can be expressed, while an object-oriented representation structures and facilitates the extensive list processing and indexing involved in matching. A prototype expert system, AUTOASSIGN, provides correct and nearly complete resonance assignments with one real and 31 simulated 3D NMR data sets for a 72-amino acid domain, derived from the Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus, and with 31 simulated NMR data sets for the 50-amino acid human type-alpha transforming growth factor.
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PMID:Automated sequencing of amino acid spin systems in proteins using multidimensional HCC(CO)NH-TOCSY spectroscopy and constraint propagation methods from artificial intelligence. 801 36

From November 1973 to June 1992, cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C) was performed on 113 patients with hepatic cancer, including 107 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC) and 6 patients with secondary liver cancer (SLC). Of the 107 PLC patients, the subclinical stage constituted 30.8% (33/107), the moderate stage 61.7% (66/107), and the late stage 7.5% (8/107). There were 32 cases with small PLC (up to 5 cm). Liver cirrhosis was observed in 86.0% (92/107). We designed flat cryoprobes for freezing tumors deep within the hepatic parenchyma. Intraoperative ultrasound was used for monitoring hepatic cryolesions. There were no operative mortalities and complications, such as rupture of a tumor, delayed bleeding, or bile leakage. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 22.0% and 8.2%, respectively, for the 107 PLC patients and 48.8% and 17.1%, respectively, for the 32 patients with small PLC. Of the 6 SLC patients, survival ranged from 2 months to 90 months (average, 23.2 months). One SLC patient has been well for 7 years and 6 months after cryosurgery. These results indicate that cryosurgery, the in situ freezing of cancer, is a safe and effective treatment for unresectable hepatic cancer.
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PMID:The role of cryosurgery in the treatment of hepatic cancer: a report of 113 cases. 827 May 98

Sequence-specific resonance assignments provide the basis for interpreting multidimensional NMR spectra and for determining 3D structures of proteins from these data. We have developed an improved strategy for determining these sequence-specific NMR assignments in small proteins and applied this method in determining proton and nitrogen resonance assignments for an 8.2-kDa engineered domain (the Z-domain) of the cell wall protein A of Staphylococcus aureus. First, HCCNH-TOCSY [Lyons, B. A. & Montelione, G.T. (1993) J. Magn. Reson. 101B, 206] data were used together with 2D 2QF-COSY, TOCSY, and 15N-HSQC data to identify amino acid spin systems. Most asparagine and glutamine spin systems were also identified uniquely from these triple-resonance data. Next, complementary HCC(CO)-NH-TOCSY [Montelione, G. T., et al. (1992) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 10975] data were used to identify sequential connections from the aliphatic H alpha, H beta, H gamma, H delta, and H epsilon resonances of residue i to the amide and nitrogen resonances of residue i + 1. By combined analysis of HCCNH-TOCSY and HCC(CO)NH-TOCSY spectra we have determined most of the proton and nitrogen resonance assignments for the Z-domain. This represents the first example of the use of this triple-resonance technique to determine extensive resonance assignments in a small protein.
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PMID:An improved strategy for determining resonance assignments for isotopically enriched proteins and its application to an engineered domain of staphylococcal protein A. 839 17

Liver cancer, both primary and metastatic, is often deemed hopeless and patients with advanced disease cannot be offered a treatment that is completely effective. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice, but less than 20% of patients are candidates for this treatment. Hepatic cryosurgery is a relatively new procedure in which the tumor is localized intraoperatively with ultrasound guidance and exposed to liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees C. Nine cases have been performed in Hawaii, and we present the first four cases here. Of these cases, there were no mortalities and only one patient required blood transfusion. All patients currently are alive with up to 11-month follow-up. Long-term studies will be necessary to assess the effectiveness of this modality.
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PMID:Hepatic cryosurgery: early experience in Hawaii. 858 15

Liver cryosurgery is a relatively new form of treatment for unresectable liver cancer that involves in situ ablation of liver tumors by freezing them with liquid nitrogen. Cryosurgery has been used mainly to treat liver metastases from colorectal cancer, but other types of metastases and primary liver cancers have been treated as well. Results of liver cryosurgery over the past decade have demonstrated that it is a safe and effective treatment for malignant liver tumors. Because only a small percentage of primary and metastatic liver tumors are resectable, cryosurgery offers a potentially curative treatment option for patients with unresectable disease.
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PMID:Liver cryosurgery. 880 10


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