Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The suitability for field use of heating up to 80 degrees C and adding six different virucidal chemicals for decontamination of drinking and surface water was investigated using the viruses of Polio (vaccine strain), ECBO, Reo, bovine Parvo, HCC, Pseudorabies, ND and Vaccinia. The Parvovirus (concentration 10(5) TCID50/ml) heated to 80 degrees C could not be inactivated completely in drinking water within one hour; the Reovirus could after one hour only at 60 degrees C. The other viruses used lost their infectivity at 56 degrees C within 60 minutes or at 60 degrees C within 20 minutes respectively. Heating therefore seems to be too circumstantial a method for viral decontamination of water and unreliable under field conditions. As to the chemical water additives tested, chloramine-T, hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxide proved to be unsuitable in spite of virucidal activity. The amount of their concentration necessary for reliable virus inactivation makes the water unfit for drinking. Iodine, a calcium hypochlorite sample and potassium permanganate were useful. Because of its constant reaction in drinking water together with additional advantages, iodination of water would seem to be the best method at present for viral water decontamination usable under field conditions.
 ...
PMID:[Studies on inactivation of viruses in drinking and surface water. A contribution to the decontamination of water by field methods (author's transl)]. 61 Feb 55

The in vitro effect of sodium butyrate (SB) on human hepatoma cell lines PLC/PRF/5, HCC-M and HCC-T was investigated. SB was added at the non-toxic but cytostatic concentration of 1 mM. In all these cell lines, SB reduced cell proliferation and changed the morphology of the cells into a fibroblast-like shape. In PLC/PRF/5, alpha-fetoprotein production and c-myc expression were inhibited. In contrast, gene expression of albumin, one of the normal liver-cell products, and that of integrated hepatitis B virus genome, was increased. In HCC-M and HCC-T, c-myc expression, which was enhanced in the naive state, was reduced. In HCC-M, fos expression was inhibited but the expression of N- and K-ras genes did not change. SB seemed to induce normal or mature properties of hepatocytes in human hepatoma cell lines.
 ...
PMID:Differentiating effect of sodium butyrate on human hepatoma cell lines PLC/PRF/5, HCC-M and HCC-T. 170 67

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selenium (Se) in the prevention of human primary liver cancer. Three intervention trials were conducted among the residents at high risk to primary liver cancer (PLC) in Qidong county, Jiang-su province, the People's Republic of China. This area has the second highest rate of PLC in China. One trial was undertaken among the general population in a township with supplement of table salt fortified with 15 ppm anhydrous sodium selenite (Se-salt) for 5 y and the other four townships with similar PLC incidence rate served as the controls using normal table salt. The second trial was undertaken among hepatitis B virus surface antigen carriers (HBVsAg+) receiving supplement of 200 micrograms Se in form of selenized yeast (Se-yeast) daily vs placebo for 4 y. The third trial was carried out in members of families with high PLC incidence using Se-yeast (200 micrograms of Se daily) vs placebo for 2 y. The results showed that nutritional supplement of Se could reduce the PLC incidence significantly.
 ...
PMID:A preliminary report on the intervention trials of primary liver cancer in high-risk populations with nutritional supplementation of selenium in China. 172 11

Nine (eight males, one female) patients with unresectable liver tumor (seven HCC and two metastasis) were treated by two-routes chemotherapy using cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and sodium thiosulfate (STS). In these patients, 50-100 mg/body of CDDP was administered through the proper hepatic artery or right hepatic artery by one shot infusion or the balloon-occluded arterial infusion (BOAI) at 10 mg/min, and during administration, intra-inferior vena cava injection of STS (4 g/body) was given. None of 9 patients suffered nausea and vomiting during the treatment, 3 of 9 patients suffered nausea and vomiting to a mild degree after the treatment, none of 9 patients showed significant side effects, such as bone marrow suppression and/or renal disfunction. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the protection effect of STS injected in inferior vena cava against the toxicity of CDDP were well indicated.
 ...
PMID:[Two routes chemotherapy by CDDP and STS against liver tumor]. 184 84

The effect of inhibition of glycolysis with sodium iodoacetate (IAA) on the changes induced by total ischemia was studied in canine left ventricle. Hearts were excised from phenobarbital anesthetized dogs and the circumflex (LCC) and anterior descending (LAD) branches of the left coronary artery were perfused in order to expose the LCC region to 48 mumol of IAA (about 1.5 mumol/g wet wt). The LAD regions of the same hearts served as untreated control myocardium. Hearts then were subjected to total ischemia in vitro at 37 degrees C. Metabolites, ultrastructure, and the capacity of thin incubated slices of heart to maintain volume and ion gradients were studied in the control and IAA-treated regions. Depletion of ATP to levels of 3-4% of control occurred in only 4-5 min of ischemia in the IAA-treated myocardium, but similar depletion required 90 min of total ischemia in untreated myocardium. These low levels of ATP were associated with marked contracture-rigor. Depletion of ATP in the IAA treated region was accompanied by a marked increase in adenosine levels in the tissue at the onset of rigor (approximately 5 min); at this time, as much as 50% of the adenine nucleotide pool (sigma Ad) was in the form of adenosine. In contrast, inosine was the predominant catabolite at 5 min in control myocardium, and only composed 16% of the sigma Ad pool. Thus, pretreatment with IAA produced an enormous acceleration in the rate at which the sigma Ad pool was consumed in totally ischemic myocardium. Lactate, the principal glycolytic intermediate which accumulates in totally ischemic tissue, was not formed in the IAA-treated heart. Moreover, IAA treatment did not accelerate the rate at which ultrastructural evidence of lethal injury developed in the poisoned myocytes. Thus, in a setting in which lactate accumulation did not occur, totally ischemic myocytes tolerated a very low level of high energy phosphate for a longer period of time than did untreated tissue before ultrastructural signs of cell death developed. The results indicate that marked ATP depletion, pe se, does not necessarily cause prompt sarcolemmal disruption.
 ...
PMID:Total ischemia III: Effect of inhibition of anaerobic glycolysis. 273 29

In a model of secondary liver cancer in the rat an evaluation was made of the influence of degradable starch microspheres (Spherex) on the drug retention in tumor and liver tissue. Sodium pertechnetate was used as a drug model substance and was injected into the hepatic artery alone or with degradable starch microspheres (DSM) in a dose of 6 or 12 mg. The distribution of pertechnetate was measured by a gamma-camera equipped with a high resolution collimator. In rats with liver tumor the total elimination of pertechnetate from the liver was delayed when compared to rats without tumor. The tumor concentration of pertechnetate was higher than that of the surrounding liver tissue, irrespective of the presence of DSM. With a DSM dose of 12 mg there was a significantly higher retention of pertechnetate in the tumor during the whole observation period compared to pertechnetate only. The results of this study indicates that DSM can be of value in regional liver chemotherapy to increase liver tumor drug exposure and to reduce systemic toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Influence of degradable starch microspheres (Spherex) on the retention of pertechnetate in a solitary rat liver tumor. 284 97

To know the intensity of liver enzyme induction during a treatment with anticonvulsant, the authors have measured gamma GT before and at the 7th, 30th, 60th days after a treatment by one of the 4 major anticonvulsant as phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, carbamazepine and sodium valproate. All alcoholic patients, and all the patients having a liver disease have been eliminated. The results show that diphenylhydantoin is the most important inductor of gamma GT with an elevation that can reach 312% of basal level, followed by phenobarbital, when sodium valproate and carbamazepine are the weakest inductors. More, induction by carbamazepine in women is more weak than in man. Age takes a place in intensity of induction with a major induction observed between 30 and 50 years old for phenobarbital, and above 50 years old for sodium valproate. These effects are not dependent of an hepatitis. The knowledge of the upper levels of gamma GT induction by anticonvulsant appear to us usefull for several reasons: carbamazepine and sodium valproate being the weakest inductors, they must be chosen in priority in women under contraceptive treatment. Any abnormal elevation of gamma GT need to look of an alcoholic intoxication, an hepatitis or a liver cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of changes in gamma-glutamyltransferase in chronic treatment with antiepileptic agents]. 286 14

Although primary hepatoma is not very frequent in alcoholics, the incidence of hepatoma in cases of hepatitis B infection combined with heavy alcohol drinking is high. In the present study, the effects of chronic alcohol administration on the development of chemical-induced hepatic cancer in rats were analyzed. In 70% hepatectomized Wistar strain male rats, a single dose (1 mg per 100 gm body weight) of diethylnitrosamine was injected intraperitoneally. Eight weeks after the injection, 20% alcohol-10% sucrose solution (diethylnitrosamine-alcohol group), 0.1% sodium phenobarbital solution (diethylnitrosamine-phenobarbital group), 10% sucrose solution (diethylnitrosamine-sucrose group) or tap water (diethylnitrosamine-alone group) was given as drinking water for 32 weeks. The numbers of visible nodules per liver were significantly greater in the diethylnitrosamine-alcohol and diethylnitrosamine-phenobarbital groups compared to the diethylnitrosamine-alone and diethylnitrosamine-sucrose groups. The numbers of enzyme-altered foci which were positive to gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase staining per square centimeter of liver section were also greater in the diethylnitrosamine-alcohol and diethylnitrosamine-phenobarbital groups than in the diethylnitrosamine-alone and diethylnitrosamine-sucrose groups, although the numbers of nodules and enzyme-altered foci were significantly larger in the diethylnitrosamine-phenobarbital group than in the diethylnitrosamine-alcohol group. The enzyme-altered foci areas calculated by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase staining were significantly larger in the diethylnitrosamine-alcohol and diethylnitrosamine-phenobarbital groups than in the diethylnitrosamine-alone and diethylnitrosamine-sucrose groups. Histologically, visible nodules observed in diethylnitrosamine-phenobarbital and diethylnitrosamine-alcohol groups showed characteristic features of neoplastic nodules. These results indicate that alcohol has a promoter action on the development of chemically induced hepatic cancer like phenobarbital.
 ...
PMID:Effects of ethanol on experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. 286 66

Ninety-five patients with liver cancer and cirrhosis who had undergone hepatic lobectomy or partial hepatectomy were studied. According to nutritional protocol based on experimental results, a large quantity of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and BCAA-enriched amino acids at 30 kcal/kg/d as an energy source were administered postoperatively for 7-10 days with strict restriction of sodium and total fluid volume. An elemental diet for liver dysfunction (ED-H) was given to 13 patients at more than 1,500 kcal/d via a naso-duodenal feeding tube for 7-14 days. Six patients were given 15 g/d of BCAA granules after discharge for as long as possible. Serum levels of TP, Alb, T.Bil and PT were kept moderately high in the IVH and ED-H group. Although BCAA/AAA molar ratio was kept high when IVH or ED-H was provided, it gradually fell if nutritional management was discontinued. This ratio was maintained within normal limits by oral administration of BCAA granules. According to the Child classification, 1,2,3 and 5-year cumulative survival rates were 80.9, 62.9, 44.1 and 25.5% for Child A, 70.0, 43.1, 43.1 and 0% for Child B, and 50.0, 25.0, 0 and 0% for Child C, respectively. These data indicate the importance of nutritional support for improvement of nutritional status and for obtaining a better prognosis. Oral BCAA supplementation should be useful for the performance of long-term nutritional management for cancer patients with liver cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of the nutritional management of patients with liver cancer and cirrhosis]. 338 29

One thousand seventy-two 24-hr diet duplicate samples were collected from inhabitants of 49 regions in various parts of Japan during the winters of 1977-1981. An additional 238 samples were collected in an adjacent summer. The samples were analyzed for sodium (Na) and potassium (K) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and for chloride (Cl) with a chloride counter. The winter-summer differences in Na, Cl, and Na/K were essentially negligible. When the regional means of Na, K, Cl, and Na/K were compared with the 1969-1978 standardized mortality ratios of each region, positive and significant correlations were observed between winter Na and the standardized mortality ratios for cerebrovascular disease (P less than 0.01), cerebral infarction (P less than 0.01), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (P less than 0.05) in both males and females. The correlation (P less than 0.01) with the cerebrovascular disease standardized mortality ratio was further confirmed by the values for 1978-1982. In the case of the Na/K ratio, the correlation with the standardized mortality ratio for each of the three diseases was significant for men (P less than 0.01 or 0.05, depending on the disease) but not for women (P greater than 0.05). Both Na and Na/K showed significant associations with the ischemic heart disease standardized mortality ratio in men (P less than 0.05) but not in women (P greater than 0.05). In contrast, no positive association was found between Na, K, Cl, or Na/K and standardized mortality ratios for diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, tuberculosis, or liver cancer (P greater than 0.05). Current blood pressure did not appear to correlate with any of the Na, K, Cl, or Na/K measurements. The validity of the present observation is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Correlation of cerebrovascular disease standardized mortality ratios with dietary sodium and the sodium/potassium ratio among the Japanese population. 371 59


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>