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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As part of The Gambia Hepatitis Intervention Study (designed to protect children from hepatitis and therefore liver cancer when adults), researchers took blood samples from at least 291 families of 293 index children from Brikama in the western region and 2 neighboring health centers in the Upper River Division (URD) in the eastern area of The Gambia who had received the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine to examine vaccine response in infants in relation to the pattern of HBV infection in their families. 1 family member tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in at least 30% of the children. The researchers did not find a correlation between the level of antibody in the index children and the HBsAg status of the family. 23% of families in Brikama had at least 1 HBsAg positive member compared to 37% in URD (p=.01). Even though no association existed between child's response to the vaccine and type of dwelling, an association did exist between HBsAg positive family members and type of dwelling. 35% of families who lived in a house constructed of mud or grass had at least 1 HbsAG positive family member whereas only 19.7% who lived in a concrete house had at least 1 HBsAg positive family member (p.02). Further, 40.8% of families who lived under a thatched roof had at least 1 HbsAg positive family member compared to 24.8% who had a corrugated roof (p.02). The researchers suggested that houses constructed of mud or grass or with a thatched roof may harbor more insects which transmit HBV. The socioeconomic factors of sanitation and water supply did not contribute to HBV infection. They concluded that the HBV status of a child's family did not affect his/her response to the vaccine. Therefore the vaccine protects children at high risk of becoming HBV carriers.
Int J Epidemiol 1991 Sep
PMID:Response to hepatitis B vaccine in relation to the hepatitis B status of family members. 183 53

Liver-derived lymphocytes were isolated from 40 human livers with end-stage liver disease that were removed at the time of orthotopic liver transplantation. In addition, 10 resection specimens or whole livers removed from patients with liver cancer and seven normal livers (unused donor organs) were studied as controls. Liver-derived lymphocytes were isolated from enzymatically digested tissue by gradient centrifugation and adherence to plastic. Their phenotypical characteristics were studied by two-color flow cytometry, and effector cell function was determined in 4-hr 51Cr-release assays against a natural killer-sensitive target, K562 (natural killer activity), natural killer-resistant Daudi line (lymphokine-activated killer activity) and by P815 line with or without phytohemagglutinin to assess lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Liver-derived lymphocytes isolated from normal liver contained equal proportions of T and natural killer lymphocytes (mean natural killer/T ratio = 0.7). CD3-CD56+CD16- natural killer cells were the main natural killer subset present in liver-derived lymphocytes, in contrast to the predominant natural killer phenotype in the circulation (CD56+CD16+). Control liver-derived lymphocytes had levels of cytotoxicity significantly greater than those of the normal peripheral-blood lymphocytes against all three targets. In contrast, liver-derived lymphocytes isolated from organs with advanced liver disease differed markedly in the natural killer/T cell ratio and levels of liver-derived lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Liver-derived lymphocytes obtained from hepatocellular carcinoma or rejecting allografts treated by immunosuppressive therapy had virtually no cytotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hepatology 1991 Sep
PMID:Natural killer activity of human liver-derived lymphocytes in various liver diseases. 187 94

This study presents the comparative patterns of risk of selected digestive tract cancers (esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum and liver) for males in relation to cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking, based on the data from case-control studies conducted in the Korea Cancer Center Hospital (KCCH). There was strong positive association between cigarette smoking and esophageal cancer, but none of the other sites was significantly related to cigarette smoking. In esophageal cancer, a dose-dependent effect for cigarette smoking was observed, with the odds ratio ranging from 1.29 for ever smoking up to 1 pack daily to 3.17 for smokers of more than 2 packs per day. The risk declined markedly following cessation of smoking. Cancers of the esophagus, rectum and liver were strongly related to alcohol consumption. Compared with non-drinkers, the OR for heavy drinkers was 9.14 in esophageal cancer, 4.75 in rectal cancer and 2.46 in liver cancer. In cancer of the stomach and colon, however, there was no association with alcohol drinking.
Int J Cancer 1991 Sep 30
PMID:Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the etiology of cancers of the digestive tract. 191 36

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an uncommon parasitic disease that is caused by the intrahepatic growth of Echinococcus multilocularis larvae. Eastern France is endemic for AE. A wild cycle allows the parasite to subsist in nature. The adult worm develops in the small intestine of foxes. The eggs of the taenia are dispersed on the ground by the foxes' stools. Rodents are infested by eating contaminated vegetables and larvae develop in the liver. Humans, accidental intermediate hosts, become infested due to either eating contaminated wild fruits, or by touching foxes or dogs. The human lesions of AE are often compared to a liver cancer which progress very slowly, causing necrosis and fibrosis. Complications invariably occurred during the follow-up. The most frequent are biliary complications, bleeding related to portal hypertension or Budd Chiari syndrome. During the last years, important progress has been made in many fields concerning AE, particularly in the immunology, epidemiology and therapy of this disease. The sole efficient treatment is partial hepatectomy. Recently, liver transplantation have been successfully performed for incurable AE.
Rev Prat 1991 Sep 01
PMID:[Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis]. 192 60

Cancer incidence was ascertained in a population-based cohort of 51,008 patients in Uppsala, Sweden, who were given a discharge diagnosis of diabetes mellitus during 1965-83. Complete follow-up through 1984 with exclusion of the first year of observation showed that the observed number of cancers in females (1,294) was eight percent higher than expected (relative risk [RR] = 1.1, 95 percent confidence interval = 1.0-1.1), whereas in males the observed number (1,123) was close to the expected (RR = 1.0, 0.9-1.1). Significantly increased risks of pancreatic (RR = 1.4, 1.2-1.7), primary liver (RR = 1.5, 1.2-1.7), and endometrial (RR = 1.5, 1.2-1.8) cancers and a lower than expected number of prostatic cancers (RR = 0.7, 0.7-0.9) were found in this cohort of diabetic patients. The excess risk of pancreatic cancer was similar in females and males and evident both during one through four years (RR = 1.7, 1.4-2.1) and five through nine years (RR = 1.3, 0.9-1.7) of follow-up, but not thereafter. A similar pattern was found for primary liver cancer, but the RRs were generally higher in males than in females.
Cancer Causes Control 1991 Sep
PMID:Cancer risk in patients with diabetes mellitus. 193 43

The prognostic significance of nuclear DNA ploidy patterns and the S-phase fraction (labeling index; IL) were evaluated in 365 gastrointestinal tumors, and in 62 of them a combined analysis of DNA ploidy and the SPF was performed. For accurate evaluation, we used fresh frozen specimens, and we classified the ploidy pattern into 6 types; 1. diploid, 2. DS (diploid + high LI), 3. Notch, 4. Shoulder, 5. Tetraploid and 6. Aneuploid. Type 1 or type 2 tumors were classified as diploid, and the others were classified as aneuploid. In 103 cases of gastric cancer and 101 colon cancers due to the short observation period, but in 46 patients with operable primary liver cancer, a significant difference was observed. A high average of LI was detected in colon cancer (approximately 13%), but no relationship between LI and the ploidy pattern was found. This indicates that the LI may become an independent prognostic factor, and that the combined assay of DNA ploidy and the LI may offer a more precise evaluation of the malignant potential of gastrointestinal tumors.
Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1991 Sep
PMID:[DNA ploidy and the S-phase fraction and their prognostic significance in gastrointestinal tumors]. 194 60

This report presents the first data on cancer incidence in Western Samoa, which has one of the largest Polynesian communities in the world. Incidence estimates are based on a systematic retrospective survey of cancer cases identified in the laboratory of pathology, and from hospital records, for the period January 1980 to June 1988. The overall incidence rates are low in both sexes (age-standardized incidence rates are 93.7 for males and 95.7 per 100,000 for females). Although cases may have been missed, it seems likely that incidence rates among Samoans are substantially lower than those recorded in Polynesian populations elsewhere. It is notable that cancers related to tobacco are responsible for less than 17% of all cancers in males, compared to more than 30% in other Polynesians. Stomach cancer remains the most common cancer in males. In females, breast and cervix are equally common and make up almost 40% of all cancers. Liver cancer occurs more commonly in males, and the rates are slightly lower than those of other Polynesians. The high incidence of thyroid cancer seen in some Pacific Island populations is not seen among Samoans.
Int J Epidemiol 1991 Sep
PMID:Cancer incidence in Western Samoa. 195 47

Based on a population-based cancer registry in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, data were collected actively and passively from all hospitals, health centers and the office of the Chief Medical Officer of Khon Kaen. The data were collected prospectively for the year 1988 and retrospectively for the years 1985-1987. Liver cancer, especially cholangiocarcinoma, was the leading cancer in both sexes. The age-standardized incidence rates for the year 1988 were 89.2/10(5) in males and 35.5/10(5) in females respectively, which are among the highest rates recorded in the world. The number of reported liver cancer cases increased each year. The observed geographical clusters of liver cancer appear to be associated with the prevalence and intensity of Opisthorchis viverrini infection, as reported in previous studies in this area.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1990 Sep
PMID:A high incidence of liver cancer in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. 196 6

With the increasing availability of curative surgical techniques for primary and secondary hepatic neoplasms, the tasks for clinical imaging of patients suspected of having liver cancer have become more exacting. Detection of tumor, differential diagnosis of individual nodules, and mapping the anatomic extensions of malignant disease are now required routinely. Related and unrelated liver substrate abnormalities such as cavernous hemangioma and focal fatty deposits are often discovered in these patients and must be differentiated from metastatic deposits. Moreover, modern imaging methods frequently display tiny nodules (less than 1 cm) that often prove difficult to adequately characterize (micrometastases vs other kinds of lesions). The most sensitive imaging techniques are CT after arterial portography and intraoperative sonography, but because of their invasiveness, these are reserved exclusively for cancer staging. For primary screening, MR imaging is increasingly preferred over CT because of its superiority in discriminating hemangiomas and cysts from metastases without the need for iodinated contrast material.
AJR Am J Roentgenol 1990 Sep
PMID:Liver tumor imaging: current concepts. 184 88

This paper describes the findings of a case-controlled study of 100 patients with primary liver cell carcinoma, sex- and age-matched with another 100 patients seen at the orthopaedic clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Contrary to widespread belief, the relative risks of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were not found to be statistically significant. The implication of this on the possible aetiology of primary liver cancer is discussed.
Afr J Med Med Sci 1990 Sep
PMID:A case-controlled study of the current role of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in primary liver cell carcinoma in Nigerians. 212 Sep 19


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