Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunoassays are representative biochemical detection methods. Among them, sandwich-type immunoassays, typified by sandwich ELISA, have used in disease diagnosis or biochemical detection with high target selectivity. Horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase have been typically used for signal amplification in ELISA. Recently developed sandwich-type immunoassays such as biobarcode immunoassays, immuno-PCR, and immuno-RCA have improved sensitivity by changing mainly the signal amplification method. To develop a novel amplification method in ELISA, an enzyme-cascading system was incorporated into an ELISA, and the new assay is termed a cascading enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA). This CELISA includes a trypsinogen-enterokinase combination as the cascading enzyme system, and was used to detect alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which is a liver cancer marker, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Using a colorimetric reagent for signal generation, CELISA had 0.1-10pM limits-of-detection for AFP and PSA in whole human serum and assay buffers, depending on the platform, well plate, or microbead type used. This study represents the first example that incorporated an enzyme cascading step in an ELISA system, resulting in successful signal amplification with sensitive detection of pathogenic antigens in serum.
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PMID:Cascade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA). 1966 63

Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondria contribute to drug resistance in cancer, but how to selectively target the mitochondria of cancer cells remains less explored. Here, we show perimitochondrial enzymatic self-assembly for selectively targeting the mitochondria of liver cancer cells. Nanoparticles of a peptide-lipid conjugate, being a substrate of enterokinase (ENTK), encapsulate chloramphenicol (CLRP), a clinically used antibiotic that is deactivated by glucuronidases in cytosol but not in mitochondria. Perimitochondrial ENTK cleaves the Flag-tag on the conjugate to deliver CLRP selectively into the mitochondria of cancer cells, thus inhibiting the mitochondrial protein synthesis, inducing the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and resulting in cancer cell death. This strategy selectively targets liver cancer cells over normal liver cells. Moreover, blocking the mitochondrial protein synthesis sensitizes the cancer cells, relying on glycolysis and/or OXPHOS, to cisplatin. This work illustrates a facile approach, selectively targeting mitochondria of cancer cells and repurposing clinically approved ribosome inhibitors, to interrupt the metabolism of cancer cells for cancer treatment.
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PMID:Perimitochondrial Enzymatic Self-Assembly for Selective Targeting the Mitochondria of Cancer Cells. 3238 49