Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From Jan., 1985 to Mar., 1986 thirty-six patients with primary liver cancer received transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy with Cisplatin (100 mg) blended into Lipiodol (5 ml) and simple embolization therapy with Gelfoam particles. Thirty-three cases out of 36 had hepatocellular carcinoma, one had hepatoblastoma and one had adenocarcinoma. Ten (31%) out of 32 had hepatocellular carcinoma, and showed objective tumor reduction greater than 50% (partial response) regarding the main tumor. Of the 33 there was one sudden death due to intracerebral hemorrhage. Only two out of 25 cases with daughter nodules showed slight reduction. Almost all cases with daughter nodules showed no response to chemoembolization therapy. Five patients died after chemoembolization therapy during the fifteen-month study period. Two patients died of liver abscess or cholecystitis and surrounding abscess, one died of intracerebral hemorrhage, one died of hepatic failure and the remaining case was one of tumor death.
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PMID:[Chemoembolization therapy with cisplatin.lipiodol (CDDP.lipiodol) in primary liver cancer--with special reference to hepatocellular carcinoma]. 302 80

3',5'-Dioctanoyl-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd-C8), one of the lipophilic prodrugs of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) was dissolved in an oily lymphographic agent (Lipiodol Ultra-Fluid), which had been studied as a carrier of the anticancer drug for hepatic cancer. The prodrug was administered into the left proper hepatic artery of rabbits bearing VX-2 tumor in the liver in order to examine the anticancer effects and possible adverse effects on nontumorous hepatic cells. Lipiodol or FdUrd-C8*Lipiodol selectively remained in the hepatic cancer area but disappeared from nontumorous parts of the liver 7 days after injection. Tumor growth rates in 1 week of the untreated group, a group given injections of 0.2 ml of Lipiodol alone, and groups given injections of 0.2 ml of Lipiodol containing 30, 50, 70, and 100 mg of FdUrd-C8 were 636, 436, 34.8, 14.9, -2.4, and -10.4% of the size at the time of treatment, respectively. Pathological observation also showed that FdUrd-C8 had a strong anticancer effect on VX-2 tumor growing in the liver of the rabbits. In contrast to the effect on the cancerous cells, that on nontumorous hepatic cells was very slight. In pathological observation, necrosis or degeneration of nontumorous hepatic cells was hardly observed. Plasma glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels temporarily rose 1 day after injection but returned to the initial levels within 7 days in all groups.
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PMID:Selective anticancer effects of 3',5'-dioctanoyl-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, a lipophilic prodrug of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, dissolved in an oily lymphographic agent on hepatic cancer of rabbits bearing VX-2 tumor. 302 18

A new type of anticancer agent with an amphiphilic nature, poly(styrene-co-maleic acid)-conjugated neocarzinostatin (Smancs), was dissolved in lipid contrast medium Lipiodol (Smancs/Lpd, Gelbet Co., Paris, France). This medium was injected arterially and found to be an invaluable tool for highly sensitive computerized tomography (CT) image analysis of tumors. After the administration, CT images revealed high-density areas which corresponded to the location and size of liver cancer, the smallest being 4 mm in diameter. The deposition pattern of Smancs/Lpd in liver cancers by CT was classified into three types. In type A, Lipiodol was distributed relatively even in the tumor lesion, whereas in type B it was accumulated predominantly around the tumor's periphery although the central portion remaining low in density. A few cases exhibited type C pattern, which was a mixture of types A and B. Type A was found essentially in primary liver cancer, and types B and C in secondary liver cancer. Thus, the CT pattern was found to be useful for differential diagnosis. For a sufficient therapeutic effect, 0.08 ml of Smancs/Lpd per cm2 of the maximal CT cross-section of the tumor area was found to be necessary. As a routine protocol after Smancs/Lpd administration, CT scanning was recommended for primary liver cancer initially at 1 week and then once every month. Secondary liver cancer required more frequent CT follow-ups after the administration (on the third day, after 1 and 2 weeks, and every month) due to relatively rapid disappearance of the stain than in the primary liver cancer.
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PMID:Image enhancement in computerized tomography for sensitive diagnosis of liver cancer and semiquantitation of tumor selective drug targeting with oily contrast medium. 316 Apr 53

Twenty-four patients with various solid tumors including metastatic liver cancer and cancer of the lung, gallbladder, and pancreas were treated with a lipophilic macromolecular drug, copoly(styrene-maleic acid) conjugated neocarzinostatin (SMANCS). The drug was dissolved in a lipid contrast medium Lipiodol and administered by catheterizing the respective feeding arteries under x-ray monitoring. The advantages of this therapy include: (1) selective deposition of Lipiodol with the anti-cancer drug in the target tumor, (2) a pronounced and long-lasting anti-cancer effect, (3) enhanced visualization of the tumor on x-ray examinations for a prolonged period which also facilitated the long-term follow-up, (4) semiquantitative evaluation of the dosage regimen by x-ray examination before further administration, (5) general applicability due to procedural simplicity, and (6) little side effect. Since the amount of Lipiodol and SMANCS used per administration for a patient (1.0-5.0 ml; 1.0-5.0 mg) was far less than the anticipated toxicity (LD50 of Lipiodol = 95 ml/60 kg, dog, intravenously; and that of SMANCS = 3.4 mg/kg, mouse, IV), no deleterious effects to such critical organs as the brain, heart, lung, liver, or kidneys were observed upon radiologic and general clinical examination.
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PMID:Selective targeting of anti-cancer drug and simultaneous image enhancement in solid tumors by arterially administered lipid contrast medium. 609 80

In six adult patients with nonresectable liver cancer, as well as in mature New Zealand white rabbits with implanted VX2 carcinoma in the liver, the artery feeding the hepatic lobe with the malignant lesion was ligated, and an oily contrast medium (Lipiodol Ultra-Fluid) was injected into the hepatoproximal lumen of the ligated artery of the liver with carcinoma. The oily contrast medium was detected in all the branches of the artery injected, and thereafter was found only in tumor tissue for 7 days experimentally and for 16 months clinically. Taking advantage of this phenomenon, the therapeutic effect of the injection of an oily anticancer drug (bleomycin oil suspension) into the hepatoproximal lumen of the ligated hepatic artery was investigated in rabbits with VX2 carcinoma of the liver. The mean concentration level of bleomycin in the tumor tissue was 2.4 +/- 0.4 microgram/g 1 week after the injection of bleomycin oil suspension (1.5 mg potency/kg) in three rabbits. However, its concentration level in nontumorous tissue of the liver was undetectably low in two rabbits, but 0.6 microgram/g in the third rabbit. The group of rabbits receiving an injection of bleomycin oil suspension into the ligated artery had a significantly longer mean survival time than those of the experimental group receiving an injection of saline solution of bleomycin into the ligated artery as well as the three other groups treated (P less than 0.02, N = 5 for each group). It may be concluded that an oily anticancer drug injected into the hepatoproximal lumen of the ligated hepatic artery can intensify the anticancer effects of a ligation of the hepatic artery for liver cancer.
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PMID:Studies on anticancer treatment with an oily anticancer drug injected into the ligated feeding hepatic artery for liver cancer. 619 2

A new method for the treatment of solid tumor, in particular, primary and metastatic liver cancer using a hydrophobic-polymer conjugated macromolecular anticancer agent, smancs is described. Smancs was dissolving in a lipid contrast medium, Lipiodol, as an injection into the feeding artery. The marked antitumor effect was observed in both experimental animals and human trials. In the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, both reductions in tumor size and alpha-feto-protein were observed in 91% of the patients. The survival period of the treated patient with highly advanced stage and inoperable cases was comparable to or better than that of resected cases. No major side effect such as bone marrow suppression or liver toxicity was observed due to selective drug delivery to the tumor. About half of the patients, however, showed a transitory fever (37-39 degrees C) for 1-3 days. The mechanism for such selective tumor targeting of anticancer agent appears to be due to the difference in the vascularity of tumor and normal tissue. Furthermore, we found that lack of lymphatic clearance system in the tumor made the prolonged and selective retention of such lipophilic drug in the tumor tissue possible. Another advantages of this method are found in radiological approaches. Differential diagnosis of primary or metastatic cancer became possible and dosing regimen can be determined since a presence of the contrast medium is restricted to the tumor area and it parallels to that of the drug being dissolved. Insufficiency in X-ray staining indicates a need for subsequent injection. The selective remaining of Lipiodol in the tumor for long period may help follow-up study as well.
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PMID:[Tumor selective drug delivery with lipid contrast medium (smancs/lipiodol): sustained antitumor effect, enhanced diagnostic value and quantification of dosage regimen]. 632 81

We have treated 123 cirrhotic patients having liver cancer associated with esophageal varices. Among these patients, 10 underwent hepatic resection together with variceal surgeries simultaneously. These procedures were feasible when the liver tumor was detected in an early stage, and hepatocellular function was preserved as much as major hepatic resection was acceptable. One, 2 and 5 year survival rates were 73.4%, 58.7% and 29.4%, respectively. In 5 patients with non-resectable hepatoma, variceal surgery was done, but 4 died of hematemesis finally. The result is suggestive that variceal surgery in such patients appears to be ineffective. Recently, endoscopic sclerotherapy had been performed for variceal bleeding in poor risk patients. Lipiodol, contrast material, has been attempted to use for chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, making use of the characteristic of the oli that this material remains selectively in the tumor for a long time when it is administered through the artery feeding the tumor. We have used this mode of therapy and prominent decrease of alpha-fetoprotein has been evident in 5 patients with non-resectable hepatoma until the present time. These less invasive methods are considered to be treatment of choice in patients with advanced liver cancer and concomitant esophageal varices.
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PMID:[Treatment of liver cancer and concomitant esophageal varices]. 632 51

The therapeutic effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TAE) performed on 31 patients with primary liver cancer was evaluated using the following procedures: (1) the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) reduction rates and prognoses were analyzed according to the tumor reduction rates (TR), and (2) the AFP reduction rates and prognoses were also analyzed according to the tumor necrosis rates (TN) estimated by regarding every region with Lipiodol retention as being necrotic. The following results were obtained. The AFP level was 400 ng/ml or higher in 15 patients (48%). Their AFP reduction rates were as favorably high as 65.4%-99.8% (mean, 88.1%), and the AFP level was normalized in 3 patients. The cumulative survival rates after the initial treatment were relatively high, i.e., 78.4% in the 1st year, 58.1% in the 2nd year, and 38.7% in the 3rd year. These results suggested the effectiveness of the TAE treatment undertaken in this study. Regarding the TR, the tumor was reduced in size by 50% or more in only 5 patients (16%), and most patients had a TR of less than 25%. On the other hand, the majority, 25 patients (81%), had a TN ranging between 50% and less than 100%, including 7 who had a TN ranging between 50% and less than 90% and 18 who had a TN ranging between 90% and less than 100%. There was no significant correlation between the AFP reduction rate and the TN or TR. Regarding evaluation of the cumulative survival rates by TR and TN, the 1-year survival rate was lower in patients having a TR of less than 25% than in those having a TR of 25% or more. Patients having a TN of less than 50% showed a poor outcome as compared with those having a TN of 50% or more. Although the TR was found to be less than 50% in a majority of the patients when the therapeutic effect of TAE on the liver cancer was evaluated according to the TR, many of these patients showed a good outcome. Thus, the conventional efficacy evaluation, in which a tumor reduction of 50% or more is considered to be effective, should be reconsidered. On the other hand, the TN was found to be 50% or more in most of the patients, suggesting the necessity of a more detailed classification of TN. In relation to the survival rate, patients having a TN of less than 50% showed a poor outcome.
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PMID:Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of TAE on primary liver cancer. 751 Oct 68

In targeted chemotherapy, Lipiodol Ultrafluid was used as a carrier of anticancer drugs; these combinations were termed oily anticancer agents. Arterial injection therapy with these oily anticancer agents was performed in 330 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 110 patients with unresectable metastatic liver cancer. The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level decreased in 178 of 186 AFP-positive patients with HCC. Tumor size was reduced in 256 of 269 evaluable patients with HCC. The treatment seemed to prolong survival and in 193 HCC patients who were good candidates for therapy (those without Child C liver cirrhosis, without tumor occupying all four segments of the liver, or without extrahepatic spread) the 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 85, 52, and 34% respectively. In the 110 patients with metastatic liver cancer, the carcinoembryonic antigen level and tumor size were reduced. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates of these 110 patients were 61, 32, and 22% respectively.
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PMID:Targeted chemotherapy for unresectable primary and metastatic liver cancer. 751 28

Intra-arterial CDDP-Lipiodol infusion chemotherapy using an implantable port was effective in 10 unresectable liver cancer patients, including 7 hepatocellular and 3 metastatic cases. CDDP-Lipiodol suspension (10 mg of CDDP/1 ml of Lipiodol) was administered at the dose of 25 mg/m2 of CDDP biweekly from 2 to 9 times. The clinical responses were defined as 4 PR (40%), 5 NC (50%), including 3 MR, and 1 PD (10%). The efficacy rate was 40%. The level of AFP and CEA was reduced in all PR and NC cases except one. Side effects were nausea (70%), low-grade pyrexia (50%), abdominal pain (30%), and liver dysfunction (20%), but they were tolerable and transient.
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PMID:[Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy of cisplatin (CDDP)-lipiodol suspension using implantable injection port for unresectable liver cancer patients]. 769 May 35


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