Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Based on the overall results of a UFT phase II study made in 104 institutions in Japan from April of 1979 to September of 1980, there was a response rate of 27.7% with 3 CR cases and 49 PR cases out of 188 stomach cancer cases considered as evaluable according to solid cancer chemotherapy direct efficacy criteria. Other response rates were spleen cancer 25%, gallbladder cancer 25%, liver cancer 19.2%, colorectal cancer 25%, breast cancer 32% and lung cancer 7%. Side effects out of 551 cases were, loss of appetite 24.3%, nausea/vomiting 12.5%, diarrhea 11.1% and other digestive system symptoms mainly. The hematologic side effects were mild, being 6.9%. According to the UFT phase II study, in 438 evaluable cases followed for 5 years after testing, the results were analyzed in terms of therapeutic efficacy and survival time. In 185 stomach cancer cases, 50% survival time was 185 days, with CR + PR cases 336 days, MR + NC cases 183 days, and PD cases 97 days. Colorectal cancer showed a 50% survival time of 227 days in 54 cases, while that for 49 breast cancer cases was 505 days. Total Ftorafur (FT) results using the same criteria from the UFT phase II study revealed, from a comparison of dosage and disease type, that UFT did not enhance FT side effects; rather, it markedly increases effectiveness. Therefore, on the basis of its response rate and the survival time for the cases of digestive system cancer, UFT is considered an effective anticancer agent.
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PMID:[Report on nationwide pooled data and cohort investigation in UFT phase II study]. 311 85

Resectability was studied in relation to both the functional reserve of the liver or pancreas and radicality in 112 cases of primary liver cancer and 34 cases of pancreatic head cancer resected in our department over an 11-year period. 1. Primary liver cancer: In extended hepatectomy including one segment beyond the tumor-bearing area, recurrence rate was low with a high long-term survival rate of more than 3 years, although hepatic insufficiency occurred frequently. In limited resection of the segment of the tumor or enucleation, many patients died due to recurrence within 2 years, except for those with small liver cancers. 2. Pancreatic head cancer: Extended surgery especially total pancreatectomy, had higher radicality with a higher 3-year survival rate than for the standard operation, even in case of advanced stage III or IV cancer. However, extended surgery produced a high incidence of postoperative fatty liver due to disturbance of pancreatic exo- and endocrine function, and severe diarrhea following dissection of the nerve plexus. Therefore, it is necessary to select a suitable operative method upon consideration of both radicality and functional reserve of the liver or the pancreas.
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PMID:[Resectability of primary carcinoma of the liver and pancreas, with special reference to radicality and functional reserve]. 338 89

Prolonged exposure to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is effective for gastrointestinal malignancy (GIM) and it is considered synergistic or additive to concurrent radiotherapy. Oral 5-FU (OF) could represent an easy therapy. The present study prospectively tested the toxicity and effectiveness of OF in GIM by means of 5-FU mannitol-coated tablets (MCT) at 275 or 225 mg/m2/day according to the patients age (65 years cut-off) for a period of 4 weeks every 7 weeks. Also the drug given over 5 days a week for 4 weeks was studied to assess OF toxicity over a time corresponding to that used in standard radiotherapy. Quality of life (LQ) was analyzed. Patients were 27 individuals (20 males), aged 43-70 years, pretreated with radiotherapy (four patients) or i.v. 5-FU-based chemotherapy (five patients), and with progressive malignancy of colorectum (six patients), stomach (five patients), pancreas (four patients) and liver (two patients). The total number of cycles was 91 and 16 patients had more than two cycles. Myelotoxicity was consistently absent; other toxicities greater than WHO grade 1 were: nausea (grade 2 in four patients), diarrhea (grade 2 in six and grade 3 in 11), palmar erithema (grade 2 in one), brown-turning skin (grade 2 in one) and CNS (grade 2 in one). Diarrhea was less frequent (p = 0.007) in gastric and in colorectal than in pancreas and liver cancer patients. In the 10 patients given the drug of 5 days a week, diarrhea was practically absent. LQ was above 90%. Fourteen patients (51%) had total arrest of disease, and 2 among 16 colorectal cancer patients had PR (12.5%). In conclusion, the MCT-OF was tolerated and as effective as the classic i.v. 5-FU at nonmyelosuppressive dose. The MCT-OF dose recommended for further studies is 275 mg/m2/day (or 225 above 65 years) for 4 weeks followed by a 2 week rest period.
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PMID:A phase II study of oral fluorouracil for gastrointestinal cancer. 874 98

Since the first isolation of Helicobacter pylori from humans in 1983, 18 Helicobacter species have been identified during the last decade in domestic and laboratory animals. Several Helicobacter species have been isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of various mammalian species and birds. Helicobacter hepaticus, H. muridarum, H. bilis, H. rodentium and Flexispira rappini have been isolated from mice. Among these species, only H. hepaticos has been clearly recognized as a pathogen. Indeed, it displays the pathogenic potential to elicit hepatitis in several strains of mice; moreover in A/JCr mice, it is strongly associated with hepatic cancer. Among the five murine helicobacter species, apart from H. hepaticus, F. rappini has not been found associated with lesions, H. muridarum has been observed in gastric glands of mice with chronic gastritis, and H. bilis has been reported in the liver of mice with chronic hepatitis. When associated with H. rodentium, H. bilis is able to induce diarrhea in SCID mice. In no case has pathogenicity of a single species been clearly proven. In rats, H. trogontum and H. muridarum have been isolated from the intestine, without any information concerning their respective pathogenicity. H. cinaedi and H. cholecystus have been identified from the intestine and the gallbladders of hamsters, respectively. The diagnosis of Helicobacter species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid, specific and sensitive technique. One of the most promising diagnostic techniques of these infections seems to be the PCR detection of Helicobacter sp. from feces based on the 16S rRNA sequences, then a restriction enzyme analysis to identify the actual species. Several drug regimens have also been evaluated to eradicate H. hepaticus from mice. Helicobacter infections, particularly H. hepaticus and H. bilis, seem to be widespread in laboratory mouse colonies and have also been detected from commercial breeders.
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PMID:Pathology, diagnosis and epidemiology of the rodent Helicobacter infection. 1009 28

Combination chemotherapy of Furtulon/low-dose cisplatin (CDDP) was administered to 13 patients with unresectable advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma (including 4 cases of gastric cancer, 6 of colorectal cancer, 1 of pancreatic cancer, 1 of hepatic cancer, and 1 of esophageal cancer). All patients were unresectable due to poor performance status (PS > 3) or metastasis. They were treated with Furtulon 1,200 mg/day orally on days 1-10 followed by 4 drug-free days, every 2 weeks, and CDDP 3.5 mg/m2/day, on days 1-5 by i.v. followed by 2 drug-free days every 4 weeks repeatedly. An average of 2-3 cycles were used. Six out of 13 patients had a partial response, 5 had no change, and 2 had progressive disease. The response rate was 46% and median survival time was 320 days. After chemotherapy, there was an increase in appetite and body weight in 11 patients (85%), and the patients maintained a good performance status and quality of life. Moreover no renal dysfunction occurred after treatment with CDDP. There was no high-grade toxicity over grade 2, only slight nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. From the present study, combination chemotherapy of Furtulon/low-dose CDDP seems to be effective for patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer, and to have improved their quality of life (QOL).
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of effects and improvement in quality of life from palliative therapy of combination chemotherapy with Furtulon and consecutive low-dose cisplatin in cases of unresectable advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma]. 1124 47

Edotecarin (PHA-782615; formerly J-107088) is a derivative of NB-506, an indolocarbazole antitumor agent. It is a novel inhibitor of topoisomerase I that induces single-strand DNA cleavage more effectively than NB-506 or camptothecin (CPT) and at different DNA sequences. The DNA-topoisomerase I complexes induced by edotecarin are more stable than those occurring after exposure to CPT or NB-506. The antitumor activity of edotecarin is less cell cycle dependent than other topoisomerase I inhibitors. Being an indolocarbazole, it is structurally related to staurosporine but does not possess protein kinase inhibitory properties. In addition, edotecarin does not form active metabolites and is not a substrate for in vitro P450-mediated metabolism. The antitumor activity of edotecarin has been tested in vitro and in vivo, and inhibition of tumor growth has been observed in breast, cervix, pharynx, lung, prostate, colon, gastric, and hepatic cancer models. Edotecarin is effective on cells that have acquired resistance related to P-glycoprotein. In vitro synergy has been demonstrated when edotecarin was tested in combination with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, etoposide, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, vincristine, CPT, and gemcitabine. Three phase I and 5 phase II studies have been carried out to date. Combination studies of edotecarin with other chemotherapeutic agents are in current clinical trials. The primary dose-limiting toxicities were grade 3/4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia. Dose-limiting diarrhea was observed only with a twice-weekly administration schedule. Recent progress in preclinical and clinical studies of edotecarin is reviewed.
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PMID:Edotecarin: a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor. 1592 4

"The Weekly Medicine", the first scientific weekly journal, was published in Warsaw in the years 1847-1868. Its editor and publisher was L. Natanson. The weekly comprised original works, translations from foreign periodicals, books reviews, correspondence, biographies and reports from for example the Warsaw Medical Society. A lot of attention devoted to sickness from birth till adult. In "The Weekly Medicine" wrote polish authors and were very articles translations from foreign periodicals. Authors talked about younger children's illnesses: hydrocephalus, conjunctivitis, thrush, diarrhoea, convulsions, pleurisy, liver cancer, syphilis and teething. In articles have been descriptioned sickness and treatmented. Information about children's illnesses creating basis to develop independent pediatrics science.
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PMID:[Children's diseases in the columns of "The Weekly Medicine"]. 1714 1

Taiwanofungus camphoratus (T. camphoratus), a fungus and a Taiwan-specific, well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has long been used to treat diarrhea, hypertension, itchy skin, and liver cancer. To gain a large amount of T. camphoratus, several culture techniques have been developed, including solid-state culture and liquid-state fermentation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) has been described as a hypoglycemic agent that increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues and results in reduced blood glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels in insulin-resistant animals and in type-2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. In this study, we investigate the possibility that T. camphoratus might activate PPARgamma in vitro and hypolipidemic activity in vivo. The results show that an aqueous extract of the wild fruiting bodies of T. camphoratus was able to increase the PPARgamma activity in cells transfected with the PPARgamma expression plasmid and the AOx-TK reporter plasmid. Based on the cell experiment, we examined the hypolipidemic effect of wild fruiting bodies (WFT) and a solid-state culture (SST) of T. camphoratus on SD rats fed on a high-cholesterol (HC) diet. The results show that WFT significantly decreased the serum triglyceride level, but could not affect the cholesterol level. SST only slightly decreased the serum triglyceride level. In addition, both WFT and SST significantly decreased the serum alanine transaminase (ALT) level and protected against the liver damage induced by the HC diet from the results of a histological examination. These results suggest that T. camphoratus might contain PPARgamma ligands and result in a hypotriglyceridemic effect, and that it also exhibits a liver protective activity.
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PMID:Taiwanofungus camphoratus activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and induces hypotriglyceride in hypercholesterolemic rats. 1860 4

Development of safe and effective vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV)-the second vaccine against a major human cancer-is one of the most important medical and public health achievements of this century. As with all new vaccines, HPV is currently expensive and this cost precludes its use in the developing world, which has the greatest burden of disease from HPV-related cancers. Hepatitis B (HB) virus vaccine, which prevents chronic HB infection and related cirrhosis and liver cancer, has been successfully introduced as a routine vaccine for children in 89% of countries, including the poorest. The success of this vaccine provides a model for the introduction of HPV vaccine and control of cervical and other HPV-related cancers and genital warts. Lessons learned from HB vaccine introduction are relevant to our efforts to introduce HPV vaccine globally. As with HB vaccine, introduction of HPV vaccine into national immunization programs and routine use of this vaccine, funded by governments, will be needed to control HPV-related disease on a global basis. Global funding support will be needed to make control a reality for the poorest countries, and the program to accomplish this, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), has already expressed great interest in including HPV vaccine. For this to occur, the manufacturers will need to dramatically reduce the vaccine price for the poorest developing countries, and tier prices for wealthier developing countries not eligible for GAVI support. Countries will need to decide on the priority of HPV control in the context of other important new vaccines against pneumococcal pneumonia and rotavirus diarrhea.
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PMID:Global implementation of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: lessons from hepatitis B vaccine. 2012 54

Sorafenib has recently been shown to be effective for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in randomized controlled trials. Here, we report the experience with sorafenib in 25 patients with advanced HCC under daily practice conditions. Tolerance to sorafenib was acceptable and side effects were manageable, although the ECOG performance status was reduced in all patients. The most prevalent grade 2/3 side effects were fatigue (40%) and diarrhea (24%), and withdrawal from therapy occurred in 29% of patients. Disease stabilization was documented in 60% of patients. The median treatment time was 2.7 months and overall survival was 11.0 months. No significant serum alpha-fetoprotein decline was noted at the time of the first radiological control in a subgroup of patients with baseline levels >50 ng/ml who achieved stable disease. In conclusion, in daily practice sorafenib is safe and disease stabilization can be achieved in the majority of patients. However, intolerance to sorafenib can affect treatment adherence substantially.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma under daily practice conditions. 2056 28


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