Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From nude mouse tumors, in which malignantly transformed Bloom's syndrome (BS) B-lymphoblastoid cell lines were successfully transplanted into s.c. tissues, we have detected strong expression of malignant lymphoma (ML)-associated antigen on the cell surface, by using diluted sera of ML patients and indirect immunofluorescence. Even though carcinogen-treated BS B-lymphoblastoid cell lines expressed various types of cancer antigens (ML, ovarian cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, etc.) on the cell membrane as a mixed population (Y. Shiraishi and H. Soma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85:8211-8215, 1988), the finding that BS malignant cells originating from nude mouse tumors expressed specific ML-associated antigen seemed significant for ML diagnosis. BS nude mouse tumors were successively transplantable from nude mice to nude mice (100%). Histopathological studies using an electron microscope demonstrated that most tumor cells in s.c. tissues of nude mice were lymphoid malignant cells. Gel electrophoresis and Western blotting analyses demonstrated that the antigen which characterized ML was a single band (Mr 97,000) and did not cross-react with the sera of other cancer patients or with normal sera. Chromosome analysis showed that the cell clones with ML-associated antigen had marker chromosomes involving t(6;?)(p25;?),t(9;?)(q34;?), del(10)(p13),t(12;14)(q24;q11). The expression of ML-associated antigen was also discussed in relation to the marker chromosomes.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoma antigen expressed in nude mouse tumor cells derived from carcinogen-transformed Bloom's syndrome B-lymphoblastoid cell lines. 218 81

Data of the Shangai Tumor Registry were analyzed for incidence of cancer in children under 15 years of age, 1973-77. The incidence of all malignant neoplasms combined was 104.7 per million boys and 89.2 per million girls. Leukemia, brain tumors, and lymphomas comprised 70% of all childhood tumors in Shangai. Compared with U.S. whites, Shangai children had higher rates of myeloid leukemia and liver cancer and lower rates of lymphoid cancers and tumors of the kidney, eye, soft tissue, and testis. Effects of migration on tumor rates among Chinese children are largely unknown and merit additional study.
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PMID:Incidence of childhood tumors in Shanghai, 1973-77. 657 46

HCC specific transfer factor (S-TF) was extracted from lymphoid tissues of goats immunized with HCC cell suspension. The effect of the S-TF on IL-2 activity and IL-2R expression was observed in vitro. The results showed that IL-2 activity and IL-2R expression in HCC patients but not in normal subjects could be increased by the S-TF. The IL-2 activities and IL-2R expressions in both normal subjects and patients with HCC could not be increased by normal transfer factor (N-TF). This may be one of the anti-tumor mechanisms of S-TF. It suggests that S-TF may be better than N-TF in immunotherapy of human tumors.
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PMID:[Effect of hepatocellular carcinoma-specific transfer factor (HCC-S-TF) on IL-2 activity and IL-2R expression]. 820 Feb 81

To further define the hierarchy of human hematopoietic progenitor cells, we have attempted to identify antibodies to cell-surface molecules expressed on CD34+ progenitor cell subsets. Herein we describe the utility of a new monoclonal antibody, HCC-1, which binds to a novel epitope of CD59 differentially expressed among CD34+ progenitor cells. HCC-1 subdivides the adult marrow CD34+ population into HCC-1high and HCC-1low/- fractions of approximately equal size. Cobblestone area-forming cells (CAFC) in long-term bone marrow culture were enriched 10-30-fold in CD34+HCC-1high cells compared with CD34+HCC1-low/- cells and two-fold compared with CD34+ cells. When injected into fetal human bone fragments implanted in SCID mice, the CD34+HCC-1high population showed potent engrafting activity leading to the production of myeloid, lymphoid, and erythroid elements, as well as the retention of progenitor cell phenotype. These studies demonstrate that the CD34+HCC-1high population contains primitive pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. No hematopoietic engrafting activity was detected in the CD34+HCC-1low/- population. Consistent with this finding, simultaneous five-color flow cytometric analysis revealed that HCC-1high cells include virtually all CD34+Thy-1+Lin- cells, a cell population previously characterized as highly enriched for primitive pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. The ability of CD34+ cells divided into subsets by HCC-1 to produce T cells was assessed by transplantation of sorted cells into human fetal thymus implanted into SCID mice. A higher frequency of thymus-engrafting activity was observed in the CD34+HCC-1high than in the CD34+HCC-1low/- population. Consistent with the limited ability to engraft in the SCID-hu thymus model, the CD34+HCC-1low/- population was shown to contain a low frequency of CD34+CD10+ lymphoid progenitor cells. We conclude that the HCC-1 epitope is expressed at high levels on a subset of CD34+ cells that contain virtually all primitive pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and that the population of CD59 molecules expressed on CD34+ cells is not homogeneous.
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PMID:High-level expression of a novel epitope of CD59 identifies a subset of CD34+ bone marrow cells highly enriched for pluripotent stem cells. 869 53

Pathological changes arising in altered cell biology and diseases such as cancer are driven by changes in gene expression. In the inherited disease haemochromatotis (HC) progressive iron loading of the parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) of the liver leads to cellular toxicity. If left untreated, fibrosis, cirrhosis and ultimately liver cancer occur. By using differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) techniques, we have identified and isolated several differentially displayed mRNAs that are excessively expressed or repressed in HC liver compared to normal human liver. One of these mRNAs was found to be strongly expressed in the liver of a patient with HC and in tumour tissue from a subject with hepatocellular carcinoma complicating HC (HC/HCC). The message of this gene was detected at a very low level in normal human liver. Northern analysis showed that this gene is also expressed in lymphocytes of HC patients and in MOLT-4 human T-lymphoid cells irrespective of iron status. The partial 1.0 kb cDNA sequence of the 9.5 kb transcript of this gene is unique and we propose that this gene may be related to cell proliferation and HC/HCC human liver.
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PMID:Molecular cloning of a novel mRNA highly expressed in haemochromatotic human liver and proliferating cells. 880 57

Two adults with primary liver cancer underwent liver transplantation from 5/6 and 4/6 major HLA-antigen mismatched unrelated donors. They were then conditioned with 4 x 2 Gy of total lymphoid irradiation, 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide, 7.5 Gy total body irradiation and anti-T cell antibodies. Thereafter, the patients received T cell-depleted autologous: unrelated mismatched bone marrow in a proportion of 0.5:3.0 and 0.35:1.1 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg, respectively. After allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT), both became mixed chimeras, as determined with polymerase chain reaction amplification of variable number tandem repeats from DNA obtained from CD3+, CD19+ and CD45+ magnetic bead-separated cells. Due to a reduction in donor T cells, the first patient was given 10(5) donor T cells/kg and became a complete donor chimera within 3 months. The second patient rejected all donor cells within 1 month after ASCT. Leucocytes normalized in both patients within 1 month. CD8+ cells normalized after 4 and 2 months in the two patients, respectively. However, CD4+, CD56+ and CD19+ cells remained low, except for a transient increase in patient 2. Lymphocyte responses to mitogens were negative in patient 1 from 1 to 5 months after ASCT. This patient also showed an oligoclonal pattern of the B cell repertoire, performed by CDR3 spectratyping. Epstein-Barr virus DNA in lymphocytes increased by 4-5 log in both patients. Prior to ASCT, recipients and donors were mutually reactive in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). In the first patient, who became a complete donor chimera, the chimera cells showed no response to recipient or donor, but a positive response to third party. In the other patient, recipient cells reacted vigorously against donor lymphocytes at the time of rejection. Both patients suffered from overwhelming bacterial, fungal and viral infections, and died of pneumonia 5 and 3 months after ASCT, respectively. To conclude, with a major HLA-mismatch barrier, stable mixed chimerism seems difficult to achieve. The first patient became a full donor chimera and the second one rejected the graft. Both suffered from immune incompetence.
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PMID:Poor immune reconstitution after four or five major HLA antigens mismatched T cell-depleted allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplantation. 1116 14

1,3-Butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene have all been evaluated more than once by the IARC Monographs Programme on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, most recently in February 1998 (Volume 71). Summaries are available on-line at http://monographs.iarc.fr. 1,3-Butadiene is currently classified in Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans), on the basis of limited evidence for increased occupational cancer risk in humans plus sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity at multiple organ sites in rats and especially in mice exposed by inhalation. Four epidemiologic studies are available on cancer risk among workers exposed to 1,3-butadiene, one large study among styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) workers, and one large and two small studies among 1,3-butadiene production workers. The results of the study of SBR workers suggest an association between butadiene exposure and leukaemia risk, which is consistent with the results of the large study of production workers. This latter study also suggested an increased risk of lymphoreticulosarcoma (ICD-8, 200). The major factors hampering the assessment of the available results are (i) possible misclassification of lymphoid and haematopoietic neoplasms, (ii) limitations in the assessment of past exposure (with the exception of the study of SBR workers) and (iii) a potential confounding effect of agents other than butadiene. Future research priorities include (i) the incorporation of newly developed biomarkers of exposure, (ii) the possible application of intermediate biomarkers, (iii) the replication of the study among SBR workers, possibly in Europe, and (iv) reanalysis of existing data in light of revisions of the classifications of leukaemias and lymphomas in the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (2000). Isoprene is classified in Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans), on the basis of sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity at multiple organ sites in both mice and rats, especially male mice, exposed by inhalation. No epidemiologic studies are available on cancer risk from occupational exposure to isoprene. Such studies could be conducted within the framework of existing or future studies of SBR workers, assuming that isoprene exposure can be disentangled from butadiene and styrene exposure. Chloroprene is classified in Group 2B on the basis of sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity at multiple organ sites in both mice and rats exposed by inhalation. Studies of chloroprene exposed workers now include chemical workers from the United States, China and Armenia as well as shoe workers from Russia. The results of the studies from China, Armenia and Russia suggest an excess risk of liver cancer. The risk of other neoplasms was not consistently increased. Limitations of available studies include possible bias from cohort enumeration, follow-up, and choice of reference population. In most studies the exposure assessment was poor, the possible confounding effect of co-exposures was not addressed and the statistical power was low. The pathology of the cases of liver cancer should be reviewed. Future research priorities include a replication of available studies in well-defined populations and the development of biomarkers of exposure.
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PMID:1,3-Butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene: reviews by the IARC monographs programme, outstanding issues, and research priorities in epidemiology. 1139 78

Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride (VC) is causally related to liver angiosarcoma, whereas there is inconsistent epidemiologic evidence for other neoplasms. Two pooled analyses of worker cohorts from 56 plants in North America and Europe provide the most comprehensive and updated data on cancer risk among workers exposed to VC. These included over 22,000 workers, with a total of 640,000 person-years of observation, followed-up for up to 50 years. Overall, a total of 1,778 cancer deaths were observed versus 1,829.46 expected, corresponding to a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.93-1.02). Excluding 71 confirmed angiosarcomas, there were 60 deaths from liver cancers versus 44.35 expected (SMR=1.35, 95% CI=1.03-1.74). Lung and laryngeal cancer mortality were significantly lower than expected (SMR=0.88 and 0.59, respectively). The SMRs for soft tissue sarcoma, brain, lymphoid and haematopoietic system cancers were not materially different from unity. Thus, the aggregate data from over 20,000 VC workers in North America and Europe exclude any excess mortality from lung, laryngeal, soft tissue sarcoma, brain, lymphoid and haematopoietic neoplasms. There appears to be a slight excess of liver cancer other than angiosarcoma, which is difficult to interpret and is likely due to residual misclassification of angiosarcomas.
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PMID:Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride and cancer risk: a review of the epidemiologic literature. 1451 8

Exposure to an acute laboratory stressor at the time of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) immunization results in a long-term suppression in circulating anti-KLH antibody. The mechanism for the stress-induced reduction in anti-KLH immunoglobulin (Ig) remains unknown. Given that the generation of anti-KLH antibody requires T cell help, we hypothesize that stress reduces the proliferation of anti-KLH T cells, thus leading to a reduction in anti-KLH antibody. The present studies examined the effect of tail shock stress (100, 1.6 mA, 5-s, 60 s ITI) on the KLH specific T cell response. Fischer F344 rats were immunized either intraperitoneally (i.p.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) at the base of the tail with 200 microg KLH, and exposed to inescapable tail shock (IS) or remained in their home cages (HCC). T cell proliferation after KLH restimulation, but not ConA, was markedly suppressed in IS animals in both the spleen after i.p. immunization and the draining lymph nodes after s.c. immunization. Other secondary lymphoid cells did not differ in their proliferative capacity. Anti-KLH IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a, but not anti-KLH IgM serum levels were significantly suppressed. These data support the conclusion that stress suppresses the generation of antigen specific T cells. In addition, the methods employed in the current study allow the isolation of the site of the acquired T cell immune response, making it possible to further elucidate the cellular mechanisms that contribute to stress-induced modulation of the antigen-specific acquired immune response.
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PMID:Stressor exposure produces long-term reductions in antigen-specific T and B cell responses. 1466 58

This study is based on data collected from a total of 1196 patients (725 males and 471 females) with histologically confirmed cancer seen in King Khalid University Hospital over a 5-year period between September 1985 to August 1990. Four hundred forty-five patients were non-Saudi (37.20%). The relative frequency and rank of order are determined for various cancers in Saudi patients and total group and compared with the results of the other published studies on cancer epidemiology in Saudi Arabia. The most common cancers among Saudi males were liver, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, stomach, lung, central nervous system, prostate, lymphoid, leukemias, myeloid leukemias, urinary bladder and Hodgkin's lymphomas, central nervous cancers among Saudi females were breast, thyroid, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, central nervous system, stomach, myeloid leukemias, esophagus, lymphoid leukemias, liver and ovary. Rank order and relative frequency for liver cancer in both sexes is the highest among any study previously published on the epidemiology of cancer in Saudi Arabia.
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PMID:Cancer at king khalid university hospital, riyadh. 1758 34


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