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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Postoperative infection occurs more frequently in patients with malignant disease than in patients with benign disease. Postoperative infection control in patients with hepatic cancer, biliary tract cancer and pancreatic cancer is studied. Although in patients with jaundice due to malignancy the rate of positive bacterial culture of the bile collected at the time of PTCD was low, the rate of positive bile culture increased after 10 to 14 days of PTCD. The predominant strain was Enterococcus spp., followed by Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and E. coli in that order. These bacteria isolated from the bile were considered to be causative organisms of postoperative infection. Prophylactic antibiotics after the operation for jaundice due to malignancy should be chosen based on the results of bile culture. In patients undergoing hepatectomy, which is considered to be an aseptic operation, gram positive cocci such as S. aureus was the most frequently encountered organism. On the other hand, in patients undergoing hepatectomy and intestinal anastomosis, enteric bacteria were frequently isolated from the infectious foci. In this study there were 6 cases of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) postoperative infection, 3 cases after pancreatoduodenectomy, and 3 cases after hepatectomy. Even after an aseptic operation, postoperative MRSA infection is likely to occur in patients undergoing a more invasive operation, so hospital infection control should be again emphasized.
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PMID:[Postoperative infection control in patients with hepatic, biliary tract, and pancreatic cancers]. 134 66

CA 19-9 and CA 50 are tumour marker tests measuring the same carbohydrate structure, sialosyl-fucosyl-lactotetraose--that is, the sialylated Lewis blood group antigen. In addition, the C50 antibody reacts with sialosyl-lactotetraose, which may be expressed in small amounts in some carcinomas. In this study we compared these tests in sera from patients with benign and malignant digestive tract diseases. The sensitivity of the markers for different cancers was also compared at several specificity levels with patients with benign diseases as reference groups. Both markers showed a high sensitivity for pancreatic cancer (77% for CA 19-9; 69% for CA 50) and biliary cancer (88%). The figures in colorectal cancer were almost as high as those reported for CEA; 16-21% elevated values in Dukes A and B tumours and 44-47% in Dukes C and D tumours. The sensitivity for gastric cancer was 48% for both markers. CA 50 had a higher sensitivity for liver cancer (55%) than CA 19-9 (9%), but the proportion of elevated values in benign liver diseases was also higher (33% versus 15%, respectively). Overall, there was good correlation between the CA 19-9 and CA 50 levels, and the difference in sensitivity and specificity was marginal. In clinical practice the greatest value of CA 19-9 and CA 50 is in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:Tumour markers CA 19-9 and CA 50 in digestive tract malignancies. 150 77

The serum levels of tumour marker CA 125 were measured in 162 patients with various digestive tract malignancies and in 155 patients with benign digestive tract diseases. The highest frequency of elevated CA 125 values (greater than 35 U ml-1) was found in patients with liver cancer (78%), but the level was equally often elevated in liver cirrhosis (78%). Two-thirds of the patients with biliary tract cancer had an increased CA 125 concentration, while four patients with benign biliary diseases had an elevated value. The serum level of CA 125 was elevated in only 20% of 60 patients with primary colorectal cancer, and in none of those with local disease (Dukes A or B). The CA 125 concentration seldom increased in patients with recurrent colorectal carcinoma. Twenty-three per cent of 44 patients with gastric cancer had an elevated CA 125 value. Two of 33 patients with benign colorectal and one of 68 patients with benign gastric diseases had an increased CA 125 concentration. The serum values of CA 125 showed no correlation with those of tumour markers alphafetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or CA 19-9. AFP was superior to the other markers in the diagnosis of liver diseases, while CA 19-9 showed the greatest accuracy in gastric diseases. In colorectal diseases, CEA had a higher sensitivity, but a lower specificity than CA 125 and CA 19-9. CA 125 and CA 19-9 had similar sensitivities for biliary tract cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Tumour marker CA 125 in patients with digestive tract malignancies. 171 1

NCC-ST-439 is a monoclonal antibody established from human stomach cancer xenografted nude mice. The values of NCC-ST-439 were measured in 139 cases with various digestive tract cancers and 294 cases with benign digestive tract diseases with the NCC-ST-439 EIA kit (Nihon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), and its clinical usefulness was compared with those of CA19-9 and CEA. The positive rates of NCC-ST-439 in cases of digestive tract cancer were high, i.e., 66.7% for cancer of the bile duct, 58.3% for pancreatic cancer and 52.9% for colorectal cancer. In the benign digestive tract diseases, the overall positive rate seen in case of cholelithiasis and cholangitis, chronic gastritis, benign colorectal diseases and hepatitis, was only 3.7%. The positive rate of NCC-ST-439 was lower than those for CA19-9 and CEA in cases of stomach cancer, colorectal cancer and liver cancer, but it was the same as that of CA19-9 and higher than that of CEA in cases of biliary tract cancer and pancreatic cancer. The false positive rate of NCC-ST-439 in benign diseases of the digestive tract was the lowest among the three markers. With respect to sensitivity, specificity and efficiency, CA19-9 showed the highest sensitivity, but NCC-ST-439 and CEA showed better specificity than CA19-9, and NCC-ST-439 showed the highest efficiency. In combination assays using combinations of NCC-ST-439, CA19-9 and CEA, the positive rates for ST-439 alone were 22.1% for stomach cancer, 52.9% for colorectal cancer, 15.0% for liver cancer and 58.3% for pancreatic cancer, while the combined rates increased to 51.9%, 70.6%, 75.0% and 66.7%, respectively. In an investigation of changes with time in NCC-ST-439 values during chemotherapy of various types of digestive tract cancer, there was a decrease in PR cases, no change in NC cases and a tendency to increase in PD cases. These results suggested that it was possible to apply NCC-ST-439 clinically.
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PMID:[Study on the clinical usefulness of NCC-ST-439 in cases of digestive tract cancer]. 221 36

To assess the diagnostic significance of CA19-9, the serum levels in 225 healthy subjects, 201 patients with cancers, 423 patients with benign diseases and 21 pregnant women, were determined by RIA. The mean CA19-9 level of the healthy subjects was 11.2 +/- 0.4 U/ml (range, 6-100 U/ml). Only 3.1% of them were above 37 U/ml. The CA19-9 levels were elevated above 37 U/ml in 7.9% of 293 patients with non-carcinomatous diseases of the digestive system. Among digestive system cancers, elevated levels were found in 18.2% of 11 patients with esophageal cancer, 42.7% of 68 patients with gastric cancer, 39.1% of 23 patients with colorectal cancer, 27.8% of 18 patients with primary hepatic cancer, 71.4% of 35 patients with biliary cancer, and 75% of 20 patients with pancreatic cancer. Most of the patients with levels above 100 U/ml had carcinomatous diseases. The CA19-9 positive rates for patients with gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were extremely low at stages I, II and III, while in patients at stage IV and in patients with recurrent cancer, a tendency for rapid increase in the positive rates and concentrations of CA19-9 was noted. Based on combination assay of CA19-9, CEA and ferritin, in comparison with the positive rates for CA19-9 alone, it was found that the rates were raised to 42.7% in gastric cancer, to 39.1% in colorectal cancer, and to 71.4% in biliary cancer, suggesting the simultaneous determination with these tumor markers may serve to elevate their usefulness.
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PMID:Determination and significance of a new carbohydrate antigen CA19-9 in digestive system cancers. 386 Jun 77

Laparoscopy with lesser sac endoscopy (LSE) were used in combination from 1987 to 1992 in 103 patients for differentiation between pancreatic carcinoma and other peripancreatic pathology, staging, and palliation. LSE identified pancreatic carcinoma in 38 patients; pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma in 2 patients; pancreatic cystadenoma in 3 patients; pancreatic adenoma in 1 patient; pancreatic metastases from liver in 2 patients; and pancreatic cysts in 5 patients. False negative diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma occurred in two cases. Nontumor pancreatic pathology was revealed in 10 patients. Specifically, acute pancreatitis was found in four patients, and chronic pancreatitis was found in six patients. Extrapancreatic cancers were identified in 15 patients: retroperitoneal extraorgan tumors were found in 2 patients; extrahepatic biliary tract cancer in 6 patients; gallbladder cancer in 1 patient; liver cancer in 3 patients; and stomach cancer in 1 patient. In five cases no pathology was found. Overall correct definitive diagnosis was established in 101 patients. Sensitivity of laparoscopy with LSE for pancreatic carcinoma diagnosis proved to be 95 per cent (38 of 40 patients), for pancreatic tumors diagnosis 96.22 per cent (51 of 53 patients); specificity of the method 100 per cent; and accuracy of diagnosis 98 per cent (101 of 103 patients). Thus, the accuracy of the method was as high as the accuracy of combination of all known modalities. Criteria of unresectability were revealed with the combination of LSE and laparoscopy in 75 per cent (30 of 40 cases) of pancreatic carcinoma. Moreover, laparoscopy allowed palliation of pancreatic carcinoma. Laparoscopic cholecystostomy was performed in 10 patients, and laparoscopic cholecystojejunostomy with enteroenterostomy was performed in 6 patients.
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PMID:Lesser sac endoscopy and laparoscopy in pancreatic carcinoma definitive diagnosis, staging and palliation. 973 5

The EUROCARE Study is a European Union project to assemble survival data from population-based cancer registries and analyse them according to standard procedures. We investigated and compared liver, pancreatic and biliary tract cancer survival in 17 countries from 1985 to 1989. Time trends in survival over the 1978-1989 period were also investigated in 12 countries. The overall European mean 1 year relative survival was 16% for primary liver cancer, 26% for biliary tract cancer and 15% for pancreatic cancer. The corresponding 5-year relative survival was 5, 12 and 4%, respectively. Taking the European average as the reference, the relative risk (RR) of death was at least 20% higher for the three cancers in Denmark and Estonia. Survival tended to be higher in Spain for primary liver cancer and biliary tract cancer. Gender had little influence on survival whilst age at diagnosis was inversely related to prognosis. There was an improvement in 1-year relative survival rate for primary liver cancer: relative risk (RR) of 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.60-0.77) for 1987-1989 versus 1978-1980 and biliary tract cancer (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68-0.87). There was less variation in 5-year relative survival rate over time. Some intercountry survival differences for primary liver, biliary tract and pancreatic cancers exist over Europe. Differences in quality of care, in particular treatment aggressiveness, may explain some of these differences in survival. New approaches to the management of these cancers need to be found.
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PMID:Survival of patients with primary liver cancer, pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer in Europe. EUROCARE Working Group. 1007 Feb 85

Biliary tract cancers are relatively rare but fatal tumors. Apart from a close link with gallstones and cholangitis, risk factors for biliary tract cancer are obscure. Chronic liver conditions, including liver cirrhosis, have been linked to a higher risk of biliary tract cancer. In a population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China, we investigated the relationships of a history of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis as well as a family history of liver cancer with biliary tract cancer risk. The study included 627 patients with biliary tract cancers (368 gallbladder, 191 bile duct and 68 ampulla of Vater), 1,037 patients with biliary stones (774 gallbladder stones and 263 bile duct stones) and 959 healthy subjects randomly selected from the population. Bile duct cancer was associated with self-reports of chronic liver conditions, including a history of chronic hepatitis (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 0.9-4.4), liver cirrhosis (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 1.9-11.7) and a family history of primary liver cancer (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-3.9). The excess risk persisted after adjustment for gallstones and were more pronounced among subjects without gallstones (OR = 5.0, 95% CI 1.3-20.0 and OR = 4.9, 95% 2.0-12.2, respectively). History of liver conditions was also associated with an excess of biliary stones (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.0). No association was found for cancers of the gallbladder and ampulla of Vater. A history of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis may be risk factors for extraheptic bile duct cancer. Given that chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most common cause of liver disease in China, serologic markers of HBV need to be measured in future studies to examine the link between HBV and bile duct cancer.
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PMID:Biliary tract cancer and stones in relation to chronic liver conditions: A population-based study in Shanghai, China. 1727 1

HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: EpidemiologyManagement of HCC-Standard Approaches and Reports During the Past Year SurgeryLocoregional Treatment Local AblationChemoembolizationOther Local Treatment ModalitiesSystemic TreatmentClinical Trial DesignBasic Science and Biomarkers Basic and Translational SciencePrognostic and Predictive Markers Prognostic MarkersPredictive MarkersAccomplishments and Future DirectionsApplication of the AccomplishmentsFuture Directions BILIARY TRACT CANCERS: Overview of the DiseaseManagement of Biliary Tract Cancers-Current Approaches and Reports During the Past Year Surgical Resection and Adjuvant TherapySystemic Therapy for Unresectable or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer Cytotoxic ChemotherapyCytotoxic Chemotherapy in Combination With Targeted AgentSingle-Agent Targeted TherapyCombination of Targeted AgentsBiologyFuture Directions.
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PMID:Accomplishments in 2008 in the management of hepatobiliary cancers. 2001 62

Despite a potential preventive effect of physical activity on hepatobiliary cancer, little information is available on the relation between the two. We studied the association between frequency of vigorous physical activity and hepatobiliary cancer among 507,897 participants of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, aged 50-71 years at baseline in 1995/1996. During 10 years of follow-up, 628 incident cases of liver cancer and 317 cases of extrahepatic biliary tract cancer were registered. Physical activity levels were assigned according to the frequency of engagement in 20 min or more of vigorous physical activity per week: never/rarely (lowest level), less than once per week, 1-2 times per week, 3-4 times per week, 5 or more times per week (highest level). Using Cox regression, multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RR) comparing the highest with the lowest level of physical activity revealed a statistically significant decreased risk for liver cancer (RR = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49-0.84, p-trend <0.001), particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.41-0.78, p-trend <0.001), independent of body mass index. By comparison, multivariate analyses indicated that physical activity was not statistically significantly associated with extrahepatic bile duct cancer (RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.45-1.65), ampulla of Vater cancer (RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.29-1.48), or gallbladder cancer (RR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.33-1.21). These results suggest a potential preventive effect of physical activity on liver cancer but not extrahepatic biliary tract cancer, independent of body mass index.
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PMID:The association between frequency of vigorous physical activity and hepatobiliary cancers in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. 2335 83


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