Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the single radial immunodiffusion method, the serum levels of IgG, IgA, Ig M, transferrin, haptoglobin, alpha2-macroglobulin, alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein were estimated in healthy subjects and patients with liver diseases consisting of chronic active and inactive hepatitis, incipient cirrhosis, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. The results obtained from the statistical analysis of the data were as follows: i) Immunoglobulins and alpha2-macroglobulin in all diseases were higher than those of healthy subjects. ii) The increased transferrin levels were found in chronic active and inactive hepatitis, and the increased alpha1-antitrypsin levels were observed in chronic inactive hepatitis, in incipient cirrhosis in cirrhosis and in primary liver cancer was higher than those of the other liver diseases. iii) Haptoglobulin levels in all diseases except for chronic inactive hepatitis were decreased. iv) alpha1-acid glycoprotein in chronic active hepatitis, in incipient cirrhosis and in cirrhosis were lower than that of healthy subjects. The evaluation of significance for difference of each protein level among disease groups clarified that the decrease of haptoglobin in cirrhosis and the increase of alpha1-antitrypsin in primary liver cancer were characteristic change respectively.
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PMID:The serum protein profile in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. 6 35

Six acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, C reactive protein and transferrin) have been measured in the sera of chronic liver disease (CLD) patients with different aetiology (viral, autoimmune and alcoholic) and histology (steatosis, chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis), and in patients with liver cancer. 1) The most striking changes concerned alpha 2-macroglobulin (increased) and haptoglobin (decreased) levels. 2) Transferrin was lower in alcoholic liver disease than in viral CLD, CRP was lower in autoimmune than in viral or alcoholic CLD, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was lower in viral and alcoholic CLD than in autoimmune CLD. Acute phase protein assay may prove useful in differential diagnosis, particularly when specific markers are not available (autoimmune, non A, non B, alcoholic liver diseases). 3) No significant differences related to aetiology (B, non A non B, D viruses) were observed in viral CLD. 4) Patients who progressed to CLD after acute viral hepatitis type B or non A non B did not show different APP levels from those who had recovered when tested 8-12 months after the acute phase. 5) The pattern of APP changes observed in primary liver cell carcinoma was different from both the cirrhotic pattern and the pattern presented by other tumours with or without liver metastasis.
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PMID:Acute phase proteins in chronic and malignant liver diseases. 245 53

In this work, the average perturbed angular correlation integral attenuation factor G2 of the transferrin in the serums from the normals and the patients with liver cancer were determined using time integral perturbed angular correlation method (PAC). The average values of G2 were 0.1945 +/- 0.0155 for the cancer serum transferrin and 0.2865 +/- 0.0411 for the normal serum transferrin. The difference between these two groups is significant. Mathematical deduction and theoretical analysis suggested that the equivalent radius of the transferrin molecules in the serum of cancer patients becomes smaller than normal, because of a change in the molecular conformation. Similar results were also observed in experiments with rat serum transferrin.
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PMID:Measurement of serum transferrin by the gamma-gamma perturbed angular correlation method. Differences between normal and cancer serum. 248 22

Primary hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder rarely recognized in childhood; its long-term consequences include cirrhosis and liver cancer. We report a family with primary hemochromatosis affecting three generations, including a 7-year-old child and a 29-month-old child; these are the youngest children with primary hemochromatosis yet reported. The pathophysiology, genetics, and clinical findings of this disorder are reviewed. Serum ferritin and transferrin saturation are useful screening tests; definitive diagnosis, however, depends on determination of hepatic iron content. A plan for evaluating and treating affected patients is proposed. Physicians caring for children must learn to recognize this potentially treatable disorder.
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PMID:Primary hemochromatosis in childhood. 365 74

In order to assess the specificity of transferrin molecular changes, we compared concentrations of subfractions and total transferrin in cirrhotic patients, in patients having non-alcoholic hepatitis, in patients with liver cancer, and in controls. The study was carried out in 79 patients divided into four groups: 20 patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis of alcoholic origin, 20 patients with non-alcoholic hepatitis, 19 patients with liver cancer and 20 controls. Subfractions of serum transferrin were separated by isoelectric focusing followed by direct immunofixation. Fractions pI 5.7 percentages (expressed as percentages of one fraction over total transferrin) were significantly higher in the cirrhotic group than in the control group (p less than 0.01). Fraction pI 5.9 percentages were significantly higher in the cirrhotic group than in the hepatitis or control groups (p less than 0.05), or liver cancer group (p less than 0.01). A quantitative increase of fraction pI 5.7 was found in the cirrhotic patients. However, in this study, this parameter did not discriminate between patients with parenchymal liver diseases of alcoholic or other origin. Therefore, the value of determining fraction pI 5.7 as a marker of chronic alcohol consumption seems questionable. The elevation of fraction pI 5.9 constantly found in the cirrhotic patients could not be explained and needs further investigations.
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PMID:A study of the microheterogeneity of transferrin in cirrhotic patients. 405 85

This article reports on a case with the most unusual finding of asialoglycoproteinemia. The patient was a man aged 40 years suffering from primary hepatic cancer. Among the various serum glycoproteins tested, the concentration of the desialylated form of alpha 2-HSglycoprotein, transferrin and alpha 2-antitrypsin was markedly elevated. The asialoprotein/sialoprotein ratio varied with each glycoprotein. In the case of transferrin, the ratio changed considerably in the course of the disease, and was found to be clearly related to the change in size of the hepatic tumor.
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PMID:Asialoglycoproteinemia in a case of primary hepatic cancer. 625 3

Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder, the gene for which occurs in approximately 10% of Americans, most of whom are unaffected heterozygotes. Approximately 5/1000 white Americans are homozygous and at risk of developing severe and potentially lethal hemochromatosis. The disorder affects numerous organ systems, but the most common symptoms are fatigue, palpitations, joint pains, and impotence; the most common signs are those that relate to hypothalamic, cardiac, hepatic or pancreatic dysfunction, including poor cold tolerance, impotence in males, amenorrhea in females, cardiac arrhythmias, dyspnea, edema, hepatosplenomegaly, spider telangiectases, ascites, deformity, swelling or limitation of motion of joints, weight loss, hyperpigmentation. Characteristic abnormalities of laboratory tests include elevated serum iron concentration, high transferrin saturation, elevated serum ferritin concentration, elevated serum transaminases, hyperglycemia and low values for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and gonadotropins. Death may be the result of cardiac arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, liver failure or liver cancer. Since many of these complications cannot be reversed once they have developed, early diagnosis and treatment are essential. In view of the high prevalence in the American population (prevalence varies with ethnic background), the low cost of diagnosis and treatment, the efficacy of treatment if begun early, and, on the other hand, high costs and low success rate of late diagnosis and treatment, systematic screening for hemochromatosis is warranted for all persons over the age of 20 years. The initial screening should be by measurement of serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation. The practice guideline provides a diagnostic algorithm for cases in which the serum transferrin saturation is 60% or greater. It also provides guidelines for clinical management.
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PMID:Practice guideline development task force of the College of American Pathologists. Hereditary hemochromatosis. 886 84

Cirrhotic patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC) have an increased risk of primary liver cancer (PLC). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of primary liver cancer in patients with HHC undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Five liver transplant centers were surveyed; clinical and pathological data on 37 patients with HHC undergoing OLT were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The diagnosis of HHC was established by a combination of serum transferrin-iron saturation, hepatic iron index (HII), and/or pattern of liver iron staining. The diagnosis of HHC had been unsuspected before OLT in 13 of 37 (35%). Primary liver cancer was found in the explants of 10 of 37 patients (27%) and was unsuspected in 7 of 10 (70%); 8 were hepatocellular carcinoma, and 2 were cholangiocarcinoma; foci of hepatocyte dysplasia were found in 6 additional patients. Mean (+/- SEM) hepatic iron content and HII in 20 patients without prior phlebotomy or bleeding were 17.2 mg/g dry weight (+/- 2.9) and 5.5 (+/- 0.8), respectively. The overall 1-year survival rate after OLT in the 37 HHC patients was 58% (v 55% for HHC patients with PLC). We draw the following conclusions: (1) the diagnosis of HHC is often unsuspected before OLT, and HHC should be evaluated pretransplantation by direct and indirect markers; (2) HHC patients undergoing OLT have a high prevalence of primary liver cancer, the majority being unsuspected; and (3) HHC patients have poorer than average survival after OLT, which cannot be explained solely by the presence of concomitant PLC.
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PMID:Primary liver cancer and survival in patients undergoing liver transplantation for hemochromatosis. 934 73

A long-term primary human hepatocyte culture retraining liver-specific functions is important and essential for basic research and for the future development of hepatocyte-based applications. We established a normal hepatocyte culture system from excess normal tissues obtained from adult liver cancer patients who received partial liver resection. Hepatocytes were isolated after perfusion and enzymatic disaggregation, and were first maintained in hormonally defined media on a Matrigel matrix, and then transferred to collagen sandwich gel. The hepatocytes formed clusters on the Matrigel matrix and increased in size and numbers with time of culture and eventually grew into spheroids of variable sizes. After being transferred to collagen gel, the cells migrated outward from spheroids to form a monolayer with cuboidal or polygonal cell shapes with granular cytoplasm and continued to proliferate. Cellular functions specific for hepatocytes were analyzed using immunoblot assay for proteins specifically secreted by the liver cells on different days of culture. The cells secreted albumin, transferrin and alpha-fetoprotein consistently for more than 100 days, to a maximum of 150 days. Thus, we have established a long-term culture of hepatocytes from human adults, which will be useful for basic studies of liver physiology such as metabolism and morphogenesis, as well as for other applications in the study of infectious hepatitis, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology.
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PMID:Long-term culture of hepatocytes from human adults. 984 47

Population screening for hemochromatosis done by using the transferrin saturation test has been advocated by experts to permit the initiation of therapeutic phlebotomy before the onset of clinical disease. The discovery of a gene associated with hemochromatosis has made DNA testing another option for screening and diagnosis. In this paper, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force criteria are used to evaluate the evidence for the usefulness of population screening done by using iron measures or genetic testing. Published clinical research offers little evidence to suggest that population screening for hemochromatosis done by using genetic testing improves clinical outcomes. Although one recently discovered mutation, C282Y, accounts for 60% to 92% of cases of the disease in series of patients with hemochromatosis, uncertainties remain about the clinical penetrance of various genotypes; the accuracy of genetic testing; and the ethical, legal, and social effects of genetic testing. Before population screening for hemochromatosis done by using transferrin saturation testing can be recommended, laboratory standardization needs to be addressed and questions about risk for clinical disease in asymptomatic persons with mutations or early biochemical expression of disease require resolution. Evidence from case series suggests that hemochromatosis may be associated with liver cancer, other liver disease, diabetes, bradyarrhythmias, and arthritis. In all studies but one, however, estimation of the magnitude and significance of this risk is limited by lack of adequate comparison groups. The need for population data to answer questions about penetrance among asymptomatic persons should not impede efforts to increase the detection and treatment of hemochromatosis in persons found to have elevated iron measures a family history of hemochromatosis, or consistent early signs and symptoms of the disease.
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PMID:Iron overload, public health, and genetics: evaluating the evidence for hemochromatosis screening. 986 50


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