Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Protein from hog which is recognized by human monoclonal antibody (HB4C5), generated from a patient with large cell lung carcinoma, was identified as carboxypeptidase A by comparison of the protein with carboxypeptidase A in enzymatic activity, immunologic reactivity, and amino acid sequence. Carboxypeptidase A activity was also found in human cancer tissue, and purified antigen from cancer tissue recognized by the antibody HB4C5 was reacted with rabbit anti-carboxypeptidase A serum, indicating that carboxypeptidase A is an antigen of HB4C5. Since large amounts of carboxypeptidase A can be obtained from porcine sources, a simple method for its purification was established. The fraction which was most reactive with HB4C5 was obtained from acetone powder of porcine pancreas by successive applications of water extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, trypsin treatment, and Mono Q column chromatography. Its apparent molecular weight was 40,000, according to SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When the reactivity of IgG in sera with the purified carboxypeptidase A was measured, the detection rates for lung, ovary, larynx, uterus, and liver cancer were more than 50%, while the rates for stomach and breast cancer were around 30%, and pancreatic cancer, benign diseases, and normal controls were minimally detected.
 ...
PMID:Serodiagnosis of cancer using porcine carboxypeptidase A as an animal antigen recognized by human monoclonal antibody HB4C5. 187 99

Serum CA-50 antigen in the normal individuals and cancer patients was assayed by radioimmunoassay. CA-50, one type of carbohydrate antigens, consisting mainly of sialylated glycolipid (a ganglioside) and sialylated glycoprotein, can be isolated from the primary or metastatic tumors. Using the latest CA-50 antigen radioimmunoinhibition test kits prepared by Steana Diagnostics AB Company, Sweden, the serum CA-50 content was measured in 62 normal individuals, 9 primary hepatocellular carcinomas, 9 liver benign tumors, 23 ovarian or uterine carcinomas, 22 other malignancies and 21 benign tumors. The normal value was 6.05 +/- 4.93 U/ml. The test values in cancer patients were significantly higher than those in normals or benign tumor patients. Taking the normal mean value plus two times of standard deviation as positive, the positive rate was 77.7% for liver cancer, 65.2% for ovary and uterus carcinomas, 50% for the other cancers. There was only one positive in 62 normals with a false positive rate of 1.6%. Furthermore, 19 patients, being in the remission period or cured by effective treatment, gave normal CA-50 value. It is shown that this method can be used in cancer diagnosis, differential diagnosis and the monitor, prediction of prognosis.
 ...
PMID:[Preliminary application of carbohydrate antigen CA-50 radioimmunoinhibition test in diagnosing and monitoring cancers]. 283 42

This article describes a case of focal pedunculated nodular hyperplasia, a rare form of benign liver tumor, and reviews the literature on focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and hepatocellular adenoma. Focal pedunculated nodular hyperplasia is the rarest form of FNH and accounts for fewer than 20% of cases. Hepatocellular adenoma is usually a single encapsulated tumor ranging in size from 1-30 cm in diameter. FNH is usually also a single tumor which is always polylobed and multinodular. The size is variable and it is well defined although not encapsulated. Microscopically neither FNH nor hepatocellular adenoma has normal portal spaces or centrolobular veins. A peliose (intratumoral pseudomicrocysts) is often observed in oral contraceptive (OC) users in both cases. Atypical, dysplasic, or neoplasic cells are observed in about 10% of cases of hepatocellular adenoma but have never been reported in FNH. Considerable hypervascularization is found in hepatocellular adenoma but not in FNH, although in FNH large vascular pedicel may be observed at the periphery. Both tumors are most frequently seen in fertile aged women. Over 1/3 of cases of hepatocellular adenoma are discovered due to intraperitoneal bleeding. FNH is asymptomatic in 73.5% of cases and hemoperitoneum is very rare. The case reported was that of a 40-year-old woman with no significant medical history who had used a combined OC containing ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel for 6 years until 2 years previously, when she terminated use due to subsequently controlled hypertension. A 6-month history of menorrhagia was uncontrolled despite use of an OC containing levonorgestrel only. The liver tumor was discovered in the course of a total hysterectomy performed because of a large polymyomatous uterus associated with significant menorrhagia. The FNH was surgically removed 2 months later. The tumor was highly vascularized and connected to segment 4 by a voluminous pedicel containing numerous thick vascular elements. The postoperative course was smooth. The relationship between OC use and benign hepatic tumors is now well established. Their overall frequency has been estimated at 4.9/million women aged 15-45. The duration of exposure to OCs seems to be a determining factor. The risk is negligible at durations of OC use under 1 year but is multiplied by 7 for FNH and by 5 for hepatocellular adenoma after 5 years. EE, mestranol, and 19 norsteroids all seem to play etiologic roles. 58% of hepatocellular adenomas in OC users are discovered because of hemoperitoneum following rupture. Bleeding is usually massive and the mortality rate is about 6%. FNH is revealed by bleeding in 15% of cases in OC users and is asymptomatic in 49% of users. Tumor development depends on whether OC use is continued. It is not currently known whether the tumors tend in the long run to degenerate into hepatic carcinoma, and whether OC use plays a role. The occurrence of liver cancer in OC users does not seem to be greater than in the general population, but OC users are younger at diagnosis, their survival time is longer, and alpha fetoprotein levels are not elevated. Surveillance of OC users is difficult because FNH is so often asymptomatic. Periodic sonograms after 5 years of OC use may be indicated.
 ...
PMID:[A rare form of benign tumor of the liver possibly related to the use of oral contraceptives: focal pediculated nodular hyperplasia]. 299 1

In 1968, a mass food poisoning (yusho) occurred in western Japan involving more than 1,850 people, the majority of whom were residents of Fukuoka and Nagasaki prefectures. The poisoning is now understood to have been caused by ingestion of a commercial brand of rice oil contaminated with polychlorinated derivatives of biphenyls, dibenzofurans, quaterphenyls, and some other related compounds. The number of deaths seen among 1,761 victims (887 males and 874 females) from the date of official registration as yusho up to the end of 1983 was compared with the expected number of deaths which was calculated on the basis of the national age, sex, and cause-specific death rates. Neither significantly increased nor significantly decreased mortality was seen among overall causes of death in males and females. A significant excess mortality was seen for malignant neoplasms at all sites in males but not in females. Neither significantly increased nor decreased mortality was seen for cancer of the esophagus, stomach, rectum and colon, pancreas, breast, and uterus. For cancer of the liver, however, a considerably increased mortality was seen in both males and females but the excess was statistically significant only in males. It was also notable that such increased mortality due to liver cancer was seen mainly among the patients living in Fukuoka prefecture but not at all among those in Nagasaki prefecture which approximate the yusho patients in Fukuoka prefecture in number. Deaths from chronic liver diseases and liver cirrhosis were also found to be increased in both sexes but the increase was not statistically significant.
 ...
PMID:A cohort study on mortality of "yusho" patients: a preliminary report. 314 83

The author indicates briefly the results from the statistical and epidemiological studies of cancer in Spain. Between 1903 and 1978 cancer mortality passed from 39.00 per 100.000 to 152.4 per 100.000, and sex distribution from 43% men and 56% women to 57% men and 42% women. Cancer represented 1.52% of the total mortality in 1903 and 18.95% in 1978. The largest incidence of cancer diseases is observed for ages between 45 and 75 years in men, with a maximum at 60, and between 40 and 71 years in women, with a maximum at 55. In all Spanish regions the most frequent mortal localizations are lung cancer among men and mammary cancer among women. The second place corresponds to stomach cancer in both sexes. Other important causes of death are the tumors of the prostate, liver, urinary bladder, larynx, colon and rectum, hematopoietic system, and esophagus in man, and the neoplasms of liver, lung, body of the uterus, colon and rectum, hematopoietic system and gallbladder and bile ducts in women. It is surprising the high frequency of primitive liver cancer in some regions, reaching an incidence of 4.39% in Tarragona and 6.07% in Zaragoza.
 ...
PMID:[Statistical research and epidemiology in oncology]. 654 66

Changes in environments and life styles in Japan have caused the recent changes in the time trends of cancer incidence for various sites. Using the data from the Osaka Cancer Registry, time trends during 1966-80 were analysed for cancer incidence of the leading 5 sites: stomach, lung, liver, uterus and breast. Age-adjusted incidence rates of cancers of the stomach (both sexes) and uterus (invasive cancer) decreased to 75% and 64% respectively between the two periods of 1966-68 and 1978-80 while cancers of the lung, liver, and breast reached 163%, 140%, and 143 % during the same period. Decrease of stomach cancer incidence was observed in all age-groups under 79, however, not in the 25-44 age-groups among females. Analyzing the histological data in the registry, it was noticed that estimated incidence of the intestinal type of stomach carcinoma had decreased more rapidly than the diffuse type. In the 30-49 age-groups among females, no decrease was observed of the diffuse type of carcinoma. Concerning lung cancer, a marked increase was observed over 60 years of age. The age-specific incidence curves by birth cohort showed no or very small cohort effects for the population born 1920-29. Among males, percentages of adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma have increased and that of epidermoid carcinoma decreased. The change was more marked in the age-groups younger than 59. Liver cancer showed the 3rd highest incidence rate among males and 6th among females. A rising trend in recent years was noticeable over 45 years of age among males. For the invasive uterine carcinoma, the incidence rate has been decreasing in all ages. Comparing these figures with those of whites in Connecticut or of Japanese in Hawaii, the former was higher than the latter and the difference was larger in age-groups over 40. The recent age incidence curve of breast cancer in Osaka came to be close to that in Iceland in 1930-49 when the curve had kept a constant level for age-groups after menopause. Birth cohort effect was observed for in these age classes.
 ...
PMID:[Time trends in cancer incidence in Osaka]. 670 15

The level of blood albumin fucose in healthy subjects and cases of non-tumor pathology and benign tumors of the uterus and ovaries was found to be I nmol of fucose/10 nmol of human serum albumin or lower, whereas in patients with malignant tumors of different localizations it was 4-7 times as high. The highest levels were recorded in patients with primary hepatic cancer and hepatic metastases. The test may be used in differential diagnosis of tumor lesions of different localization as well as for assessment of tumor progression.
 ...
PMID:[Serum albumin fucose in cancer patients]. 689 Nov 43

This article is a review of the literature on the subject, which has been very little studied. 7 works in Russian and 33 in various Western languages are analyzed, from the point of view of the carcinogenic effects of various types of oral contraceptives on the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and breasts. About 20 instances are mentioned of liver cancer developing in women. The authors note the possibility of transplacental carcinogenesis in view of the fact that the daughters of women who took diethylstilbestrol to prevent spontaneous abortion were in some cases found to be suffering from adenocarcinoma of the vagina 15-20 years later. Other topics discussed are teratogenicity, the effects of OCs on women older than 40, therapeutic uses of OCs, and the need for careful follow-up of women who are using OCs.
 ...
PMID:[Oncological aspects of hormonal contraception]. 701 84

This report compares cancer incidence and mortality among atomic bomb survivors in the Radiation Effects Research Foundation Life Span Study (LSS) cohort. Because the incidence data are derived from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki tumor registries, case ascertainment is limited to the time (1958-1987) and geographic restrictions (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) of the registries, whereas mortality data are available from 1950-1987 anywhere in Japan. With these conditions, there were 9,014 first primary incident cancer cases identified among LSS cohort members compared with 7,308 deaths for which cancer was listed as the underlying cause of death on death certificates. When deaths were limited to those occurring between 1958-1987 in Hiroshima or Nagasaki, there were 3,155 more incident cancer cases overall, and 1,262 more cancers of the digestive system. For cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, skin, breast, female and male genital organs, urinary system and thyroid, the incidence series was at least twice as large as the comparable mortality series. Although the incidence and mortality data are dissimilar in many ways, the overall conclusions regarding which solid cancers provide evidence of a significant dose response generally confirm the mortality findings. When either incidence or mortality data are evaluated, significant excess risks are observed for all solid cancers, stomach, colon, liver (when it is defined as primary liver cancer or liver cancer not otherwise specified on the death certificate), lung, breast, ovary and urinary bladder. No significant radiation effect is seen for cancers of the pharynx, rectum, gallbladder, pancreas, nose, larynx, uterus, prostate or kidney in either series. There is evidence of a significant excess of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the incidence data, but not in the mortality series. Cancers of the salivary gland and thyroid are also in excess in the incidence series, but they were not evaluated in the earlier mortality analyses. For all solid tumors the estimated excess relative risk at 1 Sv (ERR1Sv) for incidence (ERR1Sv = 0.63) is 40% larger than the excess relative risk (ERR) based on mortality data from 1950-1987 in all Japan (ERR1Sv = 0.45). The corresponding excess absolute risk (EAR) point estimate is 2.7 times greater for incidence than mortality. For some cancer sites, the difference in the magnitude of risk between incidence and mortality is greater. These differences reflect the greater diagnostic accuracy of the incidence data and the lack of full representation of radiosensitive but relatively nonfatal cancers, such as breast and thyroid, in the mortality data. Analyses of both incidence and mortality data are needed since the two end points provide complementary information for risk assessment.
 ...
PMID:Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part IV: Comparison of cancer incidence and mortality. 812 54

Analysis of familial cancer risks between discordant sites provides etiologic understanding on genetic and environmental risks factors of site-specific cancers. We used the Swedish nation-wide Family-Cancer Database to analyze familial risks in discordant cancers of offspring and parents. Familial risk ratios (FRRs) were calculated for cancer in offspring aged 15 to 53 years at 22 sites, discordant from parental sites. We confirmed many reported associations. Consistent novel findings associated parental-offspring sites of pancreas-breast, breast-testis and uterus-nervous system. For these, the FRRs were modest, 1.2 to 1.5 in the whole Database, but the FRRs increased in those whose parents were diagnosed before age 50. Pancreas and liver cancers showed FRRs of 2.5 to 3.3 in offspring of women and of 1.3 in offspring of men. One or both of these cancers was/were associated with cancers of stomach, colon, breast, uterus, ovary and prostate. Melanoma was associated with pancreas, breast, skin and nervous-system cancers and with leukemias. Myeloma showed a concordant FRR of about 4.0 and was associated with prostate cancer and non-thyroid endocrine-gland cancers. Mutations in known cancer-related genes may explain some of these findings, but new susceptibility genes are yet to be found. For melanoma, pancreatic and liver cancer, environmental factors are important etiologic factors and may contribute to the familial effects observed.
 ...
PMID:Familial cancer risks in offspring from discordant parental cancers. 1007 45


1 2 3 Next >>