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Query: UMLS:C0345904 (liver cancer)
 15,188 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examined the differences in mortality rate among the three ethnic groups aged 35 to 69: 1) Japanese living in Kawasaki city, 2) Koreans living in Kawasaki city, 3) Koreans living in Korea. Three different measures were used for analysis: 1) mortality rate by sex and age, 2) Mantel-Haenszel Rate Ratio (MHRR), 3) Standardized Proportional Mortality Ratio (SPMR). Major findings were as follows: 1) In terms of mortality rate by sex and age, Koreans in both Kawasaki and Korea showed higher mortality rates than Japanese in Kawasaki for both sexes and for all of the age categories. Koreans living in Kawasaki and Koreans living in Korea showed nearly identical levels of mortality rate for both sexes and for all of the age categories. 2) Calculation of MHRR utilizing a mortality rate for Japanese living in Kawasaki as 1 yielded the following: For all causes of death, MHRR of Korean males living in Kawasaki aged 35 to 59 was 2.59, and 2.37 for ages 60 to 69. For females MHRR for those age groups were 1.91 and 2.06 respectively. All of these MHRRs were statistically significantly high (p less than 0.05). 3) Among the causes for the high MHRR for Korean males living in Kawasaki aged 35 to 59 compared in Japanese living in Kawasaki were the following: all Malignant neoplasms (ICD 9, 140-208), Malignant neoplasm of liver (155), Hypertensive disease (401-405), Ischemic heart disease (410-414), Pneumonia (480-486), Liver Cirrhosis (571). For males aged 60 to 69, causes were Tuberculosis (010-018), all Malignant neoplasms, Malignant neoplasm of liver, Ischemic heart disease, Disease of the pulmonary circulation and other forms of heart disease (415-429), Cerebrovascular disease (430-438), and Liver Cirrhosis. In the case of females, Tuberculosis, Disease of the pulmonary circulation and other forms of heart disease, Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung were causes for high MHRR for Koreans in Kawasaki aged 35 to 59. All Malignant neoplasms, Malignant neoplasm of liver, Malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung, Accidental causes of death except motor vehicle accidents (E800-807, E826-848, E850-949) were causes for females aged 60 to 69. 4) The mortality rates for ages 35 to 69 for both sexes are similar for both Koreans living in Kawasaki and in Korea.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[A mortality study of middle-aged and elderly Koreans in Kawasaki City in comparison with Koreans in Korea and Japanese in Kawasaki City]. 213 81

This study presents the main epidemiologic features of general, site and age-specific, and premature mortality due to digestive cancer in Barcelona residents in the 1983-87 period, selecting death certificates where digestive cancer was coded as the primary cause of death (codes 150 to 159 of the ICD-9). Eight percent (6,269) of all deaths were due to malignant neoplasms of the digestive system, representing 30.3% of all deaths due to neoplasms. The main contribution was due to gastric cancer (18.8 cases per 100,000) and colon cancer (17.2 per 100,000), followed by rectal cancer (8.8 per 100,000) and pancreatic cancer (8.7 per 100,000). The annual increase in colon cancer among women--where it is the main digestive cancer site was statistically significant. Premature deaths due to digestive cancer yielded 3.5 years of potential life lost per 1,000 people (21.8% of all premature cancer deaths). In men, most cases of these premature deaths were due to gastric cancer (24.3%), while in women premature deaths were more often due to colon cancer (25.3%). Excess mortality due to esophagus, stomach and liver cancer was observed in Ciutat Vella, the most socioeconomically deprived district in Barcelona.
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PMID:[Digestive cancer mortality in a Mediterranean urban area (Barcelona, 1983-1987)]. 227 35

The mortality and the causes of death have been studied in a cohort consisting of 1548 male alcoholics in Stockholm. During the period 1969-1981 there were 542 cases of death in this population. The mortality rates were triple those for males in Stockholm generally. Using the official causes of death there was a highly significant excess mortality in the following diagnostic groups: Cancer in the upper digestive region, primary hepatic cancer, cirrhosis in the liver, pancreatitis, pneumonia, alcoholism and alcoholic poisoning, suicides and other causes of violent death as well as ischemic heart disease. The underlying and contributing causes of death on the death certificates were reclassified according to ICD-rules using clinical records and autopsy protocols. It was found that the underlying cause of death was incorrect in 21.8% of the cases. Important information was withheld in further 19.8%. After validation there was no longer any excess mortality in ischemic heart disease. The number of alcohol-related diagnoses, i.e. alcoholic cardiomyopathy, cirrhosis and fatty liver with alcoholism and alcoholic intoxication, was much greater. It is concluded that there is a underreporting of alcohol-related diseases and injuries which has a great influence on the reliability of death statistics.
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PMID:Validation of diagnoses on death certificates for male alcoholics in Stockholm. 358 75

A case-referent study was done on the possible association between primary liver cancer (ICD 155.0) and occupational exposures. In all, 374 cases were reported to the Finnish Cancer Registry in 1979 and 1980. After the exclusion of wrong diagnoses, nonrespondents and cases for whom the primary site was uncertain, 126 cases (64 men and 62 women) remained. Each case was matched for sex, age (+/- 5 years), vital status and geographical district with two cases of coronary infarction selected from hospital records without any knowledge of occupational history. Nonrespondence (38%) reduced the number to 175 referents (82 men and 92 women). A questionnaire on former employment and tasks was mailed to living subjects (6 + 6) and to the next of kin of deceased patients. An industrial hygienist then evaluated the exposure history blindly and, whenever necessary, contacted the workplace or the next of kin for more details. Only exposures commencing 10 years or more before diagnosis were considered. Altogether six female cases but no referent had been exposed to solvents. One had been exposed to chlorinated solvents in dry cleaning and two others had used both carbon tetrachloride and aromatic and aliphatic solvents. Three cases had been exposed to mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic solvents, but not chlorinated hydrocarbons. By contrast, the men did not differ with regard to exposure to solvents. Two cases and five referents were classified as having been exposed to solvent mixtures. The present results are hypothesis generating only, and the excess solvent exposure found for women must be confirmed in other studies before any conclusions can be drawn.
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PMID:Primary liver cancer and exposure to solvents. 648 Jan 22

Epidemiologic study of occupational cancer covered a cohort of shoe production workers exposed to chloroprene. The cohort consists of 5058 examinees having length of service over 2 years and subjected to follow-up for 15 years. The total person-years equaled 75,000. The examinees demonstrated higher mortality with liver cancer, leukoses, pancreatic carcinoma, malignancies of central nervous system, renal cancer. The study first revealed unusual but significant risk of mortality with malignancies of mediastinum and heart (ICD-12 code is 164). The study defined a "dose-effect" correlation between exposure to chloroprene and death with liver cancer.
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PMID:[New aspects of carcinogenic hazards in shoe industry (a retrospective epidemiological study)]. 953 24

1,3-Butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene have all been evaluated more than once by the IARC Monographs Programme on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, most recently in February 1998 (Volume 71). Summaries are available on-line at http://monographs.iarc.fr. 1,3-Butadiene is currently classified in Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans), on the basis of limited evidence for increased occupational cancer risk in humans plus sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity at multiple organ sites in rats and especially in mice exposed by inhalation. Four epidemiologic studies are available on cancer risk among workers exposed to 1,3-butadiene, one large study among styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) workers, and one large and two small studies among 1,3-butadiene production workers. The results of the study of SBR workers suggest an association between butadiene exposure and leukaemia risk, which is consistent with the results of the large study of production workers. This latter study also suggested an increased risk of lymphoreticulosarcoma (ICD-8, 200). The major factors hampering the assessment of the available results are (i) possible misclassification of lymphoid and haematopoietic neoplasms, (ii) limitations in the assessment of past exposure (with the exception of the study of SBR workers) and (iii) a potential confounding effect of agents other than butadiene. Future research priorities include (i) the incorporation of newly developed biomarkers of exposure, (ii) the possible application of intermediate biomarkers, (iii) the replication of the study among SBR workers, possibly in Europe, and (iv) reanalysis of existing data in light of revisions of the classifications of leukaemias and lymphomas in the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (2000). Isoprene is classified in Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans), on the basis of sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity at multiple organ sites in both mice and rats, especially male mice, exposed by inhalation. No epidemiologic studies are available on cancer risk from occupational exposure to isoprene. Such studies could be conducted within the framework of existing or future studies of SBR workers, assuming that isoprene exposure can be disentangled from butadiene and styrene exposure. Chloroprene is classified in Group 2B on the basis of sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity at multiple organ sites in both mice and rats exposed by inhalation. Studies of chloroprene exposed workers now include chemical workers from the United States, China and Armenia as well as shoe workers from Russia. The results of the studies from China, Armenia and Russia suggest an excess risk of liver cancer. The risk of other neoplasms was not consistently increased. Limitations of available studies include possible bias from cohort enumeration, follow-up, and choice of reference population. In most studies the exposure assessment was poor, the possible confounding effect of co-exposures was not addressed and the statistical power was low. The pathology of the cases of liver cancer should be reviewed. Future research priorities include a replication of available studies in well-defined populations and the development of biomarkers of exposure.
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PMID:1,3-Butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene: reviews by the IARC monographs programme, outstanding issues, and research priorities in epidemiology. 1139 78

This study evaluates the risk of mortality in a cohort of Italian alcoholics resident in a rural area characterised by traditional drinking habits. Individual vital status of the 1,037 patients enrolled at the Centro Alcologico in Arezzo during the 1979-1997 period has been traced. Causes of death (ICD-IX) have been retrieved from the Regional Mortality Register. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) have been computed according to gender and 5-year age group mortality rates of the general population resident in Tuscany during the same period. This cohort is representative of the traditional rural alcoholism of the Tuscany region based on wine consumption. Among the 9,190 person-years followed-up, 333 deaths have occurred, corresponding to approximately 2.6 fold the expected number of deaths (SMR males: 2.6; females: 2.4). In both genders, significantly high SMRs for liver cirrhosis, oesophagus and liver cancer are reported, while SMRs of cancers at all sites, oral and respiratory cancers, injuries as a whole, road and traffic accidents, and suicides are significantly elevated only among males. No relevant variation between expected and observed deaths for pancreatic diseases, colon cancer, female breast cancer, and, despite a large proportion of heavy smokers, for cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, coronary heart diseases) has been recorded. This research confirms the high mortality among a cohort of Italian alcoholics. However, causes of death related with violence and trauma are proportionally less represented, in accordance with the social pattern of Mediterranean alcoholism. The absence of cardiovascular mortality risk in a wine-based cohort of alcoholics is an unexpected finding that requires to be further examined. Finally, to prevent smoking related deaths, alcohol addiction services should begin to introduce smoking cessation practices among treatment protocols.
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PMID:[Mortality in a cohort of alcoholics from Arezzo in 1979-1997]. 1141 4

The study is a further follow-up of a cohort of 168 urban pesticide applicators of the municipality of Rome who were first employed in 1946. An earlier analysis of the mortality of this group concerned the deaths observed up to 1987, and showed a significant excess in mortality from liver cancer. In this report we present an updated follow up of the mortality of the cohort, which comprises the total of 85 deaths for the entire period of observation, corresponding to 5227 person/years. The living status of each member of the cohort was ascertained through the official records up to 2005. For the 85 deceased individuals, the primary cause of death was coded according to the 9th Revision of the ICD. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated on the basis of the age, sex, and cause specific mortality rates prevailing during the same calendar years in the province of Rome. The SMR from all causes for the whole cohort was 103.8 (90 %CI 86 124). The SMR for all cancers was 106.0 ( 90 % CI 75-146). An increased risk was observed for the exposed for cancer of the gallbladder (SMR 723.8 90% CI 129-2279), of the liver (SMR 596.3, 90 % CI 204-1365) and for cancer of the nervous system (SMR 529.2, 90 % CI 144-1368). All increases were statistically significant, but no association was found between the increased risk of these cancers and the longer duration of exposure. The increase in risk of the three cancers mentioned above (liver, nervous system and gallbladder), was further increased, when the analysis was restricted to the workers exposed prior to the 1978 ban of DDT and products containing arsenic.
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PMID:Mortality in a cohort of pesticide applicators in an urban setting: sixty years of follow-up. 1729 9

Liver cancer is a common cancer and a leading cause of cancer deaths in China. To aid the government in establishing a control plan for this disease, we provided real-time surveillance information by analyzing liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2009 reported by the National Central Cancer Registry. Liver cancer incidence and cases of death were retrieved from the national database using the ICD-10 topography code "C22". Crude incidence and mortality were calculated and stratified by sex, age, and location (urban/rural). China's population in 1982 and Segi (world) population structures were used for age-standardized rates. In cancer registration areas in 2009, the crude incidence of liver cancer was 28.71/100,000, making it the fourth most common cancer in China, third most common in males, and fifth most common in females. The crude mortality of liver cancer was 26.04/100,000, making it the second leading cause of cancer death in China and urban areas and the third leading cause in rural areas. Incidence and mortality were higher in males than in females and were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The age-specific incidence and mortality were relatively low among age groups under 30 years but dramatically increased and peaked in the 80-84 years old group. These findings confirm that liver cancer is a common and fatal cancer in China. Primary and secondary prevention such as health education, hepatitis B virus vaccination, and early detection should be carried out both in males and females, in urban and rural areas.
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PMID:Liver cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2009. 2348 85

This study aimed to further the understanding of the incidence of adverse events (AEs) in a population-based representative liver cancer population where there is currently a lack of knowledge. We carried out a retrospective cohort study using data from an administrative claims database between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2010. Patients were included in the study if they had at least one primary liver cancer diagnosis [International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM): 155.0] and a metastatic diagnosis [ICD-9-CM: 196.x, 197.x (except 197.7), 198.x or 199.0]. We estimated the incidence rate (IR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each AE under study. Of the patients identified, 1292 fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most common AEs were nausea and vomiting (IR=878.5/1000 person-years; 95% CI=799.5-963.1). Other common AEs were hypertension (IR=648.7/1000 person-years; 95% CI=569.2-736.1) and hemorrhage (IR=580.0/1000 person-years; 95% CI=518.6-646.6). The least common AEs were rare dermatologic diseases such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis where no cases were observed. The rates detailed in this analysis are helpful in understanding the benefit risk of treating patients with liver cancer in the real world. Although no formal comparisons were performed, the increased risk of certain events observed in sorafenib-treated patients from this analysis mirrors the risks reported on the label for sorafenib. Therefore, this analysis provided a reasonable assessment of the AEs that patients with liver cancer experience in the real world.
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PMID:Adverse events in patients with liver cancer. 2352 70


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