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 28,634 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of experiments with 50 volunteers are presented, exposed to conditions, similar to those of ship-wreck-on rafts and boats anchored in the sea and with restricted taking of food and water. Complex medical studies have been accomplished. The state of the cardio-vascular, nerve, respiratory and sensor systems and the metabolism of certain substances are followed up. The electrophysiological studies include: EKG, EEG, ENG, SPO, ZPO, SSEP, craniocorpography, computer analysis of the cardiac variability. A part of these have been monitored during the whole experiment using Holter records or by cable and telemetric way in special laboratories on the beach. The biochemical studies include indicators characterizing the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, mineral-electrolytes and biogenic amines. Some individual features in the course of sea-sickness are described according to the phenotype and the genotype characteristics of the adaptation processes. Special attention is paid to vestibular-vegetative, neurologic and psychic changes as well as on the manifestations of orthostatic collapse, sometimes ending by loss of consciousness or epi-fainting. It is considered that the orthostatic collapse is due to the combined influence of prolonged vestibular overstrain, hypokinesia, starvation, thirst and psycho-emotional stress. This is the possible main cause for the death of some saved ship-wreckers. An actualization of the instruction for saving of ship-wreckers is recommended with including of a special movement regime in the saving devices. Sibellium (flunarizin) is offered as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against sea-sickness.
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PMID:[Complex biomedical studies of the body under conditions of extreme marine factors]. 919 Jun 1

Southwestern Colombia and northern Ecuador were shaken by a shal-low-focus earthquake on 12 December 1979. The magnitude 8 shock, located near Tumaco, Colombia, was the largest in northwestern South America since 1942 and had been forecast to fill a seismic gap. Thrust faulting occurred on a 280- by 130-kilometer rectangular patch of a subduction zone that dips east beneath the Pacific coast of Colombia. A 200-kilometer stretch of the coast tectonically subsided as much as 1.6 meters; uplift occurred offshore on the continental slope. A tsunami swept inland immediately after the earthquake. Ground shaking (intensity VI to IX) caused many buildings to collapse and generated liquefaction in sand fills and in Holocene beach, lagoonal, and fluvial deposits.
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PMID:The great tumaco, Colombia earthquake of 12 december 1979. 1781 96

Visiting the beach is a popular tourist activity worldwide. Unfortunately, the beach environment is abundant with hazards and potential danger to the unsuspecting tourist. While the traditional focus of beach safety has been water safety oriented, there is growing concern about the risks posed by the sand environment on beaches. This study reports on the death and near death experience of eight tourists in the collapse of sand holes, sand dunes, and sand tunnels. Each incident occurred suddenly and the complete burial in sand directly contributed to the victims injury or death in each case report.
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PMID:Sand hazards on tourist beaches. 2524 Feb 76

Muddy and sandy sediments have different physical properties. Muds are cohesive elastic solids, whereas granular beach sands are non-cohesive porous media. Infaunal organisms such as worms that burrow through sediments therefore face different mechanical challenges that potentially lead to a variety of burrowing strategies and morphologies. In this study we compared three morphologically distinct polychaete species representing different clades in the family Orbiniidae and related differences in their burrowing behaviors and morphologies to their natural environments (mud or sand). Worms burrowed in transparent analogs for muds and sands, and kinematic analysis showed differences both among species and between materials. Leitoscoloplos pugettensis lives in mud and burrows by fracture, using its pointed head to concentrate stress at the tip of the burrow. Naineris dendritica lives in sand and uses its broader head that fluctuates in width over a burrowing cycle to decrease backward slipping in sand, potentially preventing burrow collapse. Orbinia johnsoni lives in sand and uses internal body expansions to pack sand grains, another mechanism to prevent burrow collapse. By combining data from species and materials to obtain a broad range of burrowing velocities, we show that burrowing worms control their velocity by increasing or decreasing their burrowing frequency rather than by altering cycle distance as shown previously for crawling earthworms. This study demonstrates how fairly small evolutionary divergences in morphologies and behaviors facilitate locomotion in environments with different physical constraints.
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PMID:Burrowing behavior in mud and sand of morphologically divergent polychaete species (Annelida: Orbiniidae). 2479 95

Cohesive granular matter can support stable void structures, which can universally be found in various scenes from everyday lives to space. To quantitatively characterize the stability and strength of a void structure in cohesive granular matter, we perform a simple tunnel-compression experiment with wet granular matter. In the experiment, a horizontal tunnel in a wet granular layer is vertically compressed with a slow compression rate. The experimental result suggests that the tunnel deformation can be classified into the following three types: (i) shrink, (ii) shrink with collapse, and (iii) subsidence by collapse. Using the experimental result, we estimate the stable limit of various void structures in a cohesive granular layer from crab burrows on a sandy beach to the pits observed on cometary surfaces.
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PMID:Void structure stability in wet granular matter and its application to crab burrows and cometary pits. 3036 25