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Query: UMLS:C0344329 (collapse)
 28,634 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A relationship was looked for between blood levels of bradykinin and endotoxaemia produced by superior mesenteric artery occlusion in the rabbit. The levels of bradykinin were unrelated to and unaltered by the degree of endotoxaemia observed in the systemic and portal circulations. These findings suggest that bradykinin is not responsible for the release of endotoxin from the gut, or the circulatory collapse which follows.
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PMID:The role of bradykinin in endotoxic shock of intestinal origin. 26

After a two-hour period of regional intestinal shock (arterial inflow pressure 30 to 35 mm Hg; electrical stimulation of regional vasoconstrictor fibers at 6 Hz) a pronounced cardiovascular derangement is observed as reflected in a rapid fall in arterial blood pressure. In this study, central hemodynamics and lung function were investigated to elucidate if functional changes in the thoracic organs might explain the cardiovascular collapse. No alteration of pulmonary function was observed. A negative inotropic influence on the heart was, however, noted as judged by a decreased left ventricular stroke volume and left ventricular maximal pressure change in the face of an increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure. Based on earlier observations with the same shock model, it is proposed that the cardiac effects were caused by cardiotoxic material released from the hypoxic gut.
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PMID:Cardiac and pulmonary function in regional intestinal shock. 68 92

Twenty-four infants under 6 months infected with echovirus 19 are described, They were the youngest of the many children admitted to hospitals in Newcastle and Gateshead during an epidemic in the north-east of England in 1974. Generally, the younger the child the more severe the illness, which affected the upper respiratory tract, the gut, the skin, and the meninges, and sometimes caused as state of collapse resembling septicaemic shock. Polymorphonuclear pleocystosis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sometimes suggested bacterial meningitis, so that antibiotics were given in 38% of cases. The virus was recovered with a high success rate from nasopharyngeal secretions, CSF, and stool.
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PMID:Echovirus 19 infection in infants under six months. 96 74

Previous work has shown that irradiation produces changes in small intestinal villous shape, which can be quantified using a villous scoring system applied to scanning electron micrographs. It has already been shown that reserpine, which, like irradiation, increases gastrointestinal motility, produces a similar type of villous collapse, thereby supporting the theory that this form of injury may not be due entirely to changes in the cryptal epithelial compartment, as has been assumed previously. Atropine, chosen for its ability to decrease gut motility, produces a different form of villous shape change. The aim of the current work was to investigate the ability of atropine to decrease the villous damage caused by irradiation and thereby improve the likely absorptive capacity of the small intestine. The current experiments used crypt counting, qualitative light microscopy and villous scoring techniques. Groups of unirradiated mice examined included baseline controls and those treated with atropine, sham irradiation and a combination of these two schedules. Two irradiated groups were studied, one with and one without atropine treatment. The results show that atropine given with irradiation reduces the extent of the damage to villous shape, implying that the total effect on the neuromuscular tissues is less destructive after the combined treatment. It is also of interest that atropine appears to have an additional radioprotectant effect on the radiation induced crypt depletion, implying that neuromuscular behaviour may influence this compartment, hitherto considered as dependent on epithelial proliferative capacity.
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PMID:Radioprotectant effects of atropine on small intestinal villous shape. 176 83

Intracardiac repair in a 7-year-old girl with tetralogy of Fallot was hampered because of an anaphylactic reaction with cardiopulmonary collapse caused by porcine gut heparin. This patient had an extremely rare case of hypersensitivity to porcine gut heparin but not to bovine lung heparin. Uneventful radical operation could be performed with the use of bovine lung heparin for systemic heparinization during cardiopulmonary bypass.
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PMID:Use of bovine lung heparin to obviate anaphylactic shock caused by porcine gut heparin. 233 44

Lethality of anguidine (diacetoxyscirpenol) in rats and mice appears to be the result of primary or secondary cardiovascular collapse and to be related to severe tissue destruction in the gut and elsewhere. Experiments were performed in rats to examine the effect on anguidine lethality of treatment with several agents that alter gut function or toxic effects of other chemicals in the gut. Administration of atropine sulfate or methylatropine nitrate by sc injection to rats immediately following administration of an LD50 of anguidine and again 4 hr later gave modest but significant protection against anguidine lethality. The drugs were effective over a range of doses between 2.5 and 20 mg/kg, without a clear dose response, and probably were effective at doses lower than 2.5 mg/kg. S-Adenosylmethionine, 25 mg/kg, given to rats at the time of administration of an LD50 of anguidine and again 4 hr later gave some evidence of protection also. Semiquantitative evaluation of pathologic changes in the small intestine, a target of anguidine, indicated partial protection by atropine sulfate against anguidine toxicity at that site. Atropine-treated rats showed less severe damage, earlier resolution of damage, or both.
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PMID:Reduction of anguidine toxicity in rats by atropine and methylatropine. 260 47

Damage to mouse small intestine has been assessed in the period up to twenty-four hours after heating a portion of the gut for 20 min at 43 degrees C and also in the period up to nine days after 10 Gy/whole body X-irradiation. The surface changes and the light microscopic appearances after the two types of treatment were described. The damage was evaluated using scores produced by assessing villous collapse as seen with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Maximum damage was seen two hours after hyperthermia and was more pronounced in antimesenteric portions of the same specimen. Maximum damage was observed three days after X-irradiation. Despite the difference in the time scale and severity of development of surface changes after the two types of treatment, the structure of the damaged and recovering villi looked similar, except for the apical extrusion of the enterocytes immediately following the heat treatment.
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PMID:Development of villous damage in mouse small intestine after local hyperthermia or irradiation. 337 Jun 17

It has been suggested that histamine contributes to lethal circulatory collapse after acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion. The activity of the histamine inactivating enzyme diamine oxidase, the release of the amine, and the effect of histamine receptor antagonists was therefore studied in rabbits. The main results were: (a) Diamine oxidase activity decreased by 60% after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. A monoexponential dose-response relationship was found between the specific diamine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine and reduced survival time. (b) Plasma histamine levels in the right atrium rose only slightly after ischemia, but considerably during reperfusion of the gut, and remained high for at least 20 min. In sham-operated animals the plasma histamine concentration was unchanged throughout the experiment. The histamine content in the intestinal wall did not fall significantly at any time after mesenteric artery occlusion and reperfusion. (c) The aminoguanidine-induced reduction in survival time was completely reversed by pre-treatment of the animals with the H1-receptor antagonist dimethylpyridine and the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine. This study provides strong evidence for the protective role of intestinal diamine oxidase in intestinal ischemia.
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PMID:Intestinal diamine oxidase and histamine release in rabbit mesenteric ischemia. 616 12

Whole-gut irrigation was compared with conventional mechanical bowel preparation in a prospective, randomized study. All 100 patients had a combination of ampicillin and metronidazole during and after colorectal surgery. Patients' complaints were equally frequent during the two preparations and were severe in 15 per cent. Gastric position of the tube for irrigation resulted in severe complaints in 3 of 26 patients and in the duodenal position, in severe complaints in five of 24. The time for irrigation was shorter than that for conventional preparation. Deep wound infection were equally frequent after irrigation (3/46) and conventional preparation (4/47). Seven patients were excluded, since no bowel resection had been performed. Collapse of the small and large intestine, as evaluated blindly during surgery, was more frequent after irrigation (P less than 0.05). Anastomotic leaks after left side resections were less frequent in patients with collapse of the small (P less than 0.001) and large (P less than 0.05) intestine. Five leakages among 29 patients after conventional preparation in contrast to one among 22 after whole-gut irrigation favor the latter, even if this difference did not reach statistical significance (0.05 less than P less than 0.10), since anastomotic leakage is lethal in a high number of patients.
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PMID:Whole-gut irrigation versus enema in elective colorectal surgery: a prospective, randomized study. 731 22

A microsphere technique was used to study the effect of glucagon on blood flow to the different tissue layers of the stomach, small bowel, and colon of the dog in hypovolemic shock. In normal dogs, glucagon caused a twofold rise in flow to all layers of the stomach and colon, and a threefold increase to all layers of the small bowel. After administration of glucagon, a larger fraction of cardiac output was diverted to the gut microcirculation. In acute hypovolemic shock, intestinal perfusion was preserved relative to cardiac output inasmuch as cardiac output and gastric blood flow fell 75% and flow to the small bowel and colon fell by only about 50%. Glucagon markedly increased the fraction of cardiac output passing to the gut circulation in hypovolemic shock and, most importantly, sustained flow to the areas most prone to ischemic necrosis; gastric mucosa, colonic mucosa, and small intestinal villi. In more prolonged shock, however, glucagon precipitated fatal cardiovascular collapse unless part of the lost blood volume first was replaced. Glucagon, therefore, should not be used in patients in hypovolemic shock without prior replacement of at least part of the lost blood volume.
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PMID:Effect of glucagon on gastrointestinal blood flow of dogs in hypovolemic shock. 737 54


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