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Query: UMLS:C0344329 (collapse)
 28,634 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pain, weakness, or paralysis from involvement of the spinal cord and nerve roots secondary to invasion of the vertebrae by a malignant tumor often can be avoided or alleviated by stabilization of the spine. Twelve patients with neoplastic infiltration of the cervical vertebrae were so treated. The operation of wiring, augmentation bone-grafting, and decompression of the spinal cord was successful after conservative methods failed. Indications for operation were: (1) unremitting pain in the neck, not relieved by bracing or radiation therapy; (2) a major degree of vertebral destruction with loss, or impending loss, of support for the head; (3) collapse of a vertebral body; or (4) neural deficit from local tumor invasion. A classification of our twelve patients into three groups helped to delineate the surgical procedure needed. The value of obtaining spinal stability and a solid fusion above and below the tumor was evident in eleven patients. For almost all of their survival time, they were comfortable. Surgical treatment may not appreciably extend the lenght of a patient's survival, but it generally improves the patient's quality of life.
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PMID:Metastatic tumors involving the cervical vertebrae: surgical palliation. 8 Dec 9

The collapse of the alae and inner valve is caused more frequently be regressive changes of the aging tissues then by congenital weakness of the cartilaginous structures. Years ago we have published an operative method for the rehabilitation of this kind of nasal dysfunction. Now we have simplified our method and do not use any longer incisions in the vestibule of nose.
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PMID:[The collapse of the alae and inner valve of the nose (author's transl)]. 13 55

The case of a patient with repeated attacks of collapse induced by sublingual isosorbide dinitrate is reported. The patient was an 81 year-old female who was admitted to Yura Hospital because of attacks of precordial pain. Several minutes after the sublingual administration of isosorbide dinitrate (10 mg) for an anginal attack, she developed a sensation of general weakness, and thereafter because unconscious. Arterial blood pressure fell and became unmeasurable. Electrocardiograms recorded during the syncopal attack showed sinus tachycardia and significant elevation of ST-segment in right precordial leads. In response to a drip infusion of noradrenaline, arterial blood pressure returned to normal with recovery of consciousness. Two similar syncopal attacks induced by sublingual isosorbide dinitrate occurred in the next three days. These attacks were not due to augmentation of the vagal reflex. Decrease of venous return probably was the primary etiological factor.
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PMID:A patient with repeated syncopal attacks after using isosorbide dinitrate. 15 98

The universal occurrence of weakness of skeletal musculature on disuse, however produced, and the paucity of published reports on the fine structural changes in human disuse atrophy, prompted the present investigation. The quadriceps muscle of a leg immobilized in plaster cast (for fracture) and of the opposite non-immobilized limb was biopsied in four adult males, after periods of immobilization from 50 to 75 days. These 8 muscle specimens were examined for histopathological changes, and muscle fibre diameters were measured by micrometry from paraffin sections. The histograms revealed a larger proportion of small fibres (less than 20 micron) and a smaller proportion of large fibres (greater than 40 micron) in the immobilized limb compared to the opposite. Thus, light microscopy showed only atrophic changes. This was confirmed by electronmicroscopy, where atrophy of few to several muscle fibres was seen in the form of loss of myofibrils, collapse and folding of the basement membrane and prominence of glycogen or muscle nuclei. The atrophic change was more severe in the immobilized limbs, but it was also noticeable in all the non-immobilized limbs. Degenerative changes, especially disorganization and breakdown of myofibrils, and fragmentation of plasma membrane, were also seen in occasional atrophied muscle fibres, again more frequently in the immobilized limb. Lipofuscin was often found accumulated in muscle fibres and occasionally in endothelial cells of intramuscular blood vessels; the latter showed prominent pinocytotic vesicles or thickened basement membrane. It is concluded that both atrophy and degeneration of fibres of proximal muscles can occur as non-specific consequences of disuse of the limb in man, that degeneration is a latter and more severe change, that muscles even of the non-immobilized leg are subjected to disuse atrophy during bed-rest, and that the proximal muscles in man seem to have a natural susceptibility to atrophy and degeneration in any muscular disorders.
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PMID:Fine structure of muscle in human disuse atrophy: significance of proximal muscle involvement in muscle disorders. 47 Nov 87

Scaphotrapezial trapezoidal degenerative arthritis as an isolated entity or as a preponderant part of a pantrapezial degenerative process was seen in 49 hands of 34 patients. Pain and weakness were the primary complaints. Point tenderness was present in all but two hands. Significant loss of grasp and pinch strength was noted in 18 hands, and loss of wrist motion occurred in 16 hands. Roentgenographic findings included narrowing of the scaphotrapezial trapezoidal joint space, subarticular cortical sclerosis, and cyst formation. A dorsiflexed position of the scaphoid, with a scapholunate angle of less than 45 degrees, was noted in 38 of the 45 hands. Late collapse of the intercarpal joint with dorsiflexion instability of the lunate also was noted. Twenty-nine hands were treated conservatively by protective splints, corticosteroid injections, and avoidance of exacerbating activities. Surgical treatments consisted of fibrous arthroplasty (four), silicone interposition arthroplasty (six), trapezial replacement arthroplasty (three), arthrodesis (five), joint debridement (one), and trapezial excision (one). Late results were more encouraging than were early results and were moderately satisfactory for each method. Improvement in grasp and pinch strength was most predictable for arthrodesis, although wrist motion was diminished.
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PMID:Scaphotrapezial trapezoidal arthrosis. 65 18

During the postambulatory period, patients with pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy depend entirely on their wheelchairs for comfort and spinal support. Without the comfort they are unable to enjoy and participate in every waking activity; without the spinal support they are destined to accept a bedbound life, not so much by the actual weakness as by the progression of spinal deformity. Present-day wheelchairs are not comfortable and they do not provide adequate spinal support. A novel spinal support system (brace) has been prescribed for 50 patients during the last 24 months. It consists of a contoured seat, mounted on a modified wheelchair frame, with integral armrests, footrests and headrest. All patients are clearly more comfortable and spend between 9 and 14 hours a day in their special wheelchairs, compared with 2 to 3 hours at a time in standard wheelchairs. Parents, teachers and therapists have reported a definite improvement in the attitudes of these patients. Although we have measured no progression in spinal deformity and have recorded regression in a few patients, we cannot yet assess the final value of this promising method of support in preventing spinal collapse.
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PMID:Role of the wheelchair in the management of the muscular dystrophy patient. 119 13

The significance of the "kink" occurring in the early portion of the forced expiratory spirogram of some patients with obstructed airflow was investigated in 153 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. The kink, which is presumably due to airway collapse, is facilitated by the presence of emphysema, which results in loss of elastic recoil, a positive pleural pressure, high bronchiolar resistance, and structural weakness in the walls of the major airways. A significant reduction of carbon-monoxide diffusing capacity was used as the indicator of the presence of significant anatomic emphysema. Eighty percent (39) of 49 patients with the spirographic kink had a low diffusing capacity, whereas only 16 of those without the kink had significantly impaired diffusion. Seventy percent (39) of the 56 patients who had emphysema by this criterion demonstrated a spirographic kink. This test is, therefore, offered as a simple, effective, and widely applicable screening procedure for detecting emphysema, with a low incidence of false-positive results.
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PMID:The spirographic "kink". A sign of emphysema. 124 88

Fracture site immobilization capabilities of seven internal spine fixation systems were experimentally evaluated: Harrington double distraction (plain, supplemented with Edwards sleeves, supplemented with sublaminar wires), Luque rectangle, Kaneda device, transfixed Kaneda device, and Steffee plates. Stability evaluation involved comparing the three-dimensional motion that occurred across an experimentally created L1 slice fracture, and the load resistance of the implants when subjected to axial, flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsional loads. Each implant was tested on 15 different vertebral segments from 200-250-lb calves. All implants load-shared with the fractured vertebral column to varying degrees. All except the Steffee plate system showed an obvious biomechanical weakness in one or more load modes. The unstable 4R-4bar mechanism configuration of bilevel spinal implants was identified. Mechanism configurations allow free movement with little or no resistance to the applied load until load sharing by the spinal column stops the collapse and resists the applied load.
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PMID:Experimental evaluation of seven different spinal fracture internal fixation devices using nonfailure stability testing. The load-sharing and unstable-mechanism concepts. 194 75

Multisystemic chromatolytic neuronal degeneration, a newly recognized disease of Cairn Terriers, is described in a second affected North American puppy. In this puppy, the early onset of hind limb weakness at 11 weeks and rapid development of signs of diffuse CNS involvement were distinctive. Signs of cerebellar dysfunction were prominent, but bouts of cataplectic collapse in this puppy constituted the most distinguishing clinical feature. Although electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings lacked a true rapid eye movement (REM) pattern during cataplectic episodes, cervical electromyograph (EMG) potentials ceased or diminished, and imipramine injection was associated with arousal. Postmortem studies revealed that chromatolytic degeneration was very widespread, affecting many neuronal populations in the brain and spinal cord as well as neurons in sensory ganglia. Although the pattern of chromatolysis varied among affected perikarya, chromatolysis was consistently related to dispersion and loss of ribosomes. In this puppy, as opposed to six studied previously, thoracolumbar myelomalacia also occurred symmetrically in the dorsal horns and adjoining funicular white matter. The metabolic derangement underlying this chromatolytic neuronal degeneration and myelomalacia remains unknown.
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PMID:Multisystemic chromatolytic neuronal degeneration in Cairn terriers. A case with generalized cataplectic episodes. 206 71

Eleven horses (3 mares, 7 stallions, 1 gelding) with clinical and biochemical evidence of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis were studied. Each horse had history of episodic weakness, muscular tremors, or collapse, which lasted for periods of a few minutes to hours. Diagnosis was based on hyperkalemia in association with a spontaneous episode of paralysis or by precipitation of an episode by oral administration of potassium chloride. Clinical and biochemical events were documented during spontaneous and induced episodes of muscular weakness. During episodes, electrocardiographic findings were consistent with hyperkalemia. Electromyography performed between episodes revealed fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves, complex repetitive discharges, and myotonic discharges. Histologic changes in muscle biopsy specimens varied from no overt changes in some horses to vacuolation in type-2B fibers with mild degenerative changes in other horses. Electron microscopy of myofibers revealed dilatations of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Analysis of blood samples taken serially during induced attacks in 5 horses revealed marked hyperkalemia (5.5 to 9.0 mEq/L), with normal acid-base status, hemoconcentration, and modest changes in muscle-derived enzymes. Close correlation (r2 = 0.882) between total plasma protein and plasma potassium concentrations was observed and indicated a shift of fluid out of the extracellular fluid compartment. Treatment of either spontaneous or induced episodes by IV administration of calcium, glucose, or bicarbonate resulted in rapid recovery. Dietary management or daily administration of acetazolamide effectively controlled episodes. An affected mare was bred to an affected stallion, and 3 affected offspring were produced by embryo transfer. Blood samples from another extended family of affected horses were analyzed for identification of a genetic marker.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses. 224 32


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