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Query: UMLS:C0344329 (collapse)
 28,634 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five asthmatic patients developed collapse of one lung. Three of the patients were children and three of the five had repeated episodes of atelectasis. Episodes of atelectasis were usually associated with localised chest pain, which was not pleuritic in character, and with breathlessness, but without wheezing. The were not related to clinically apparent respiratory infections or to deterioration of the underlying asthma. The cause is obscure, but re-expansion seems to be hastened by oral corticosteroid therapy.
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PMID:Unilateral pulmonary collapse in asthmatics. 66 80

Four infants less than six months of age with anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery who present with symptoms of wheezing are described. All had cardiomegaly on chest radiographs and because of wheezing received beta-agonist agents (albuterol alone or with epinephrine). One developed cardiopulmonary collapse secondary to supraventricular tachycardia after administration of these agents. The literature is reviewed for utility of chest radiographs in infants presenting with wheezing and for the efficacy of beta-adrenergic agents in infants less than six months of age. The authors suggest that physicians have a low threshold for obtaining a chest radiograph prior to treating a first-time wheezing infant less than six months of age with a beta-agonist agent.
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PMID:Anomalous left coronary artery masquerading as infantile bronchiolitis. 145 42

Endobronchial tuberculosis is not as well-known to internists as tuberculosis involving the lung parenchyma. Five cases with this condition are reported to illustrate the varied clinical manifestations. The presenting features of the 5 cases were lobar or lung collapse, unresolved pneumonia, dyspnoea and stridor. Bronchostenosis developed in 2 patients many years following chemotherapy, while stenosis of the trachea developed in one patient during chemotherapy. In another patient, the tuberculous granulation tissue simulated a lung cancer at bronchoscopy. Diagnosis can be difficult as endobronchial tuberculosis can occur in the absence of chest X-ray abnormality and sputum smear may also be negative for acid fast bacilli (AFB). Therefore, bronchoscopy should be done when the condition is suspected in a patient who has unexplained cough, wheezing, dyspnoea or haemoptysis. The modalities of treatment for fibrostenosis of a large airway include surgical resection followed by anastomosis, balloon dilatation, laser photoresection or a combination of both procedures.
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PMID:Endobronchial tuberculosis--a report of 5 cases. 225 40

Medical records, radiographs, and bronchial cytologic abnormalities of 65 cats with bronchial disease were reviewed. Bronchial disease was defined as abnormality of the lower airways to the exclusion of disease originating or mainly involving the alveoli, interstitium, vasculature, or pleura. Cats with bronchial disease were more likely to be female and older. Siamese cats were overrepresented and had more chronic disease. In order of frequency, the following clinical signs were reported: coughing, dyspnea, occasional sneezing, wheezing, and vomiting. Radiography revealed prominent bronchial markings, with some cats having collapse of the middle lobe of the right lung (n = 7), overinflation of the lungs (n = 9), or aerophagia (n = 13). Of 65 bronchial washes, 58 were considered exudative, with the predominant cell type being eosinophil in 24%, neutrophil in 33%, macrophage in 22%, and mixed population of cells in 21%. Cultures for bacteria were considered positive in 24% of the cats. Circulating eosinophilia was not helpful in predicting the predominant cell type in bronchial cytologic exudates. Hyperproteinemia without dehydration was present in a third of the cats, indicating an immunologic response. Half the cats had resolution of clinical signs, whereas half the cats required continuing medication with bronchodilators, antimicrobial agents, or corticosteroids.
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PMID:Clinical, radiographic, and bronchial cytologic features of cats with bronchial disease: 65 cases (1980-1986). 247 Jul 10

Thirteen infants and children with adenovirus type 7 infection proved by virus isolation are described. High fever, cough and dyspnea were the most frequent findings; in infants under 1 year of age wheezing was common. Four patients required artificial ventilation. Lobar collapse, consolidation and hyperinflation were frequent radiologic findings. None of the symptoms responded to antibiotic therapy or bronchodilator drugs. Three patients died (mortality rate of 23%). Pathologic findings were compatible with adenovirus type 7 pneumonia, and were characterized by a necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis, patchy alveolar fibrinopurulent exudate and hyaline membrane formation. Some intra-alveolar epithelial cells showed strikingly abnormal nuclei and rare typical halo-outlined intranuclear inclusions were seen. Only one of eight survivors had evidence of significant chronic chest disease.
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PMID:An outbreak of adenovirus type 7 infection in children in Montreal. 434 82

127 cases of tracheal dyskinesia were seen in infants and children out of which 87 were 1 to 12 months of age. The diagnosis was based on the existence of a collapse reducing the tracheal diameter of more than 50% on endoscopy. Endoscopic examination was performed without general anesthesia. This material represents 5,8% of the patients submitted to this procedure. 85 patients had "primitive" dyskinesia and 42 had major associated abnormalities. Uni or bilateral bronchial dyskinesia was associated in 43% of the cases. The four commonest presenting symptoms were a stridulous or wheezing respiration, recurrent bronchitis, chronic cough, cyanosis. The frequency of associated digestive troubles: gastroesophageal reflux aspiration was noteworthy. Several functional consequences were encountered: hypoxemia, hypercapnia, abnormalities of FRC, increased RL, lowering of dynamic compliance, alterations of perfusion and ventilation on scintiscans. The prognosis was good in primitive cases. Two deaths occurred, in the group with associated abnormalities. The pattern of the patient with primitive dyskinesia and that of the patient with dyskinesia and associated abnormalities are outlined. Some features remarkable in this series of patients are pointed out in a discussion of the pathophysiology of the syndrome. Increased transmural pressure is not a common cause of tracheal dyskinesia and infection as well. The possibility of a temporary intrinsic anomaly of the tracheal wall is suggested. Even if its exact mechanism remains unknown, tracheal dyskinesia is a distinct entity observed in infants and children. It appears as a common cause of recurrent bronchopulmonary disease in the young.
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PMID:[Tracheal dyskinesia (tracheomalacia) in infants and children. Study of 127 cases diagnosed through endoscopic examination (author's transl)]. 626 18

A patient presented with a ten-year history of exercise-induced wheezing. After trials of metaproterenol and cromolyn failed to improve her symptoms, she was observed during exercise. She proved to have inspiratory stridor caused by collapse of the posterior aryepiglottic folds over the vocal cords during inspiration only following exercise. Symptoms primarily improved with physical conditioning. Further improvement came after treatment of her chronic rhinitis and post-nasal drip with a steroid nasal spray.
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PMID:Upper airway obstruction presenting as exercise-induced asthma. 646 16

Five out of 6 foals between 2 and 4 months old, on a ranch in northern California, developed pneumonia within a 3 week period in June and July 1978. Corynebacterium equi was recovered from each of the 5 foals by transtracheal aspiration. Clinical signs were variable but included increased respiratory rate, fever, cough, nasal discharge, harsh airway sounds over middle sized airways and wheezing over small airways. Cyanosis was present in the most severely affected foal. Radiographic findings included diffusely increased interstitial and peribronchial densities, areas of consolidation and, in 3 cases, dense focal areas indicating abscessation. Foals were treated with several different antimicrobial agents. Most were treated with penicillin and gentamicin. Four of the 5 affected foals recovered within 2 to 3 weeks but the first foal to be affected died 2 days after first receiving veterinary attention. At postmortem examination, pulmonary changes considered typical of C equi pneumonia were found, including wet, heavy dark red lungs which failed to collapse and numerous 1 to 7 cm thin-walled abscesses throughout the parenchyma, containing inspissated exudate. C equi was cultured from the exudate. Samples of soil and dust from 9 of 20 areas inhabited by infected foals yielded C equi of the same serological group as found in the foals. Eight paddocks in which foals had not been kept were negative for C equi. The organism was recovered from cobwebs in the stalls occupied by infected foals. Aerosol infection via dust was considered to be the route of infection. Pharyngeal, vaginal and faecal cultures from the dams of 3 affected foals were negative for C equi. Early diagnosis by transtracheal aspiration and appropriate therapy are considered to be extremely important in the successful treatment of C equi pneumonia. Preventive therapy should include control of environmental dust.
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PMID:Studies of an outbreak of Corynebacterium equi pneumonia in foals. 731

A 50-year-old woman with lifelong asthma had nearly total expiratory collapse of her distal trachea. The signs and symptoms were similar to those of asthma except for a pronounced upper airway component to her wheezing and the immediate onset of dyspnea on exertion. Surgical repair led to significant improvement in symptoms and resolution of tracheal collapse on expiration. Ultrafast computed tomography was a valuable adjunct to bronchoscopy in diagnosis and management. Expiratory collapse of the trachea should be considered in the differential diagnosis of wheezing and intractable reactive airway disease.
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PMID:Expiratory collapse of the trachea presenting as worsening asthma. 833 66

Adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals are comparatively few in number. Various estimates quote an incident rate of 1 to 6 reactions per 100,000 injections. Other figures quoted are 1 in 800 for the bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical methylene diphosphonate, and 1 in 400 for the lung visualisation agent macroaggregated albumin. The very low numbers of reported adverse effects probably reflect the tiny amounts of material which are used in the formulation of radiopharmaceuticals. Adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals are usually mild and transient and require little or no medical treatment. A few reactions involve respiratory or circulatory collapse or loss of consciousness. Several fatalities have been reported with the liver scanning agent 99mTc (technetium 99m)-albumin colloid. Clinical manifestations may be categorised under the headings of vasomotor effects i.e. faintness, pallor, diaphoresis or hypotension, and anaphylactoid effects such as nausea, dermographism, wheezing, bronchospasm, erythema and pruritus. The most prominent group of radiopharmaceuticals that have been reported to produce adverse events are the diphosphonates, which are used for scanning the skeleton. Typical diphosphonate reactions include erythema (especially over the extremities), nausea, vomiting and malaise. The onset of reaction is usually 2 to 3 hours after injection. The second group of radiopharmaceuticals which give rise to adverse events are the colloids, which are used for liver and spleen scintigraphy. Typical colloid reactions include pallor, nausea, flush and pulse changes. Adverse events may also occur as a result of the patient's medication interfering with the disposition of the radiopharmaceutical. Although not usually hazardous or dangerous, such events may be so pronounced that a marked deviation in the expected pharmacokinetics may occur. Drug interactions can be conveniently categorised under the headings of unusual handling of the radiopharmaceutical because of pharmacological action, genuine in vivo interaction between the medication and radiopharmaceutical, drug-induced disease and interaction between the radiopharmaceutical and catheters or syringes. The most serious drug interactions are those where the patient is taking cortisone or cytotoxic agents prior to tumour scintigraphy. Other important effects occur in patients undergoing bone scanning who are receiving iron preparations. Nifedipine has been reported to produce quite severe problems in scanning, including difficulties in the radiolabelling of red cells (for cardiac scintigraphy), and other effects where the drug appears to prevent the transport of bone-seeking materials into the skeleton. Many drugs alter hormonal status and these effects may produce marked deviations from the expected biodistribution. Diethylstilbestrol (stilboestrol), digitalis, gonadotrophins, phenothiazines and cimetidine all increase estrogen levels in high doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Adverse reactions and drug interactions with radiopharmaceuticals. 848 Dec 15


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