Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344329 (collapse)
 28,634 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two young women with toxic shock syndrome are reported and compared with three previous New Zealand cases. Both presented with fulminant diarrhoea, confusion, collapse and an erythematous desquamating rash. One, complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria and renal failure, recovered following peritoneal dialysis. At the onset of their illnesses both were menstruating and using tampons. Light growths of Staphylococcus aureus were cultured from the vagina in one case and the faeces in the other. Successful treatment depended on a vigorous intensive care regime.
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PMID:Staphylococcal toxic shock: two fulminant cases with recovery. 695 24

Staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (PE) ty pe C enhanced the susceptibility of rabbits to lethal shock by endotoxin by as much as 50,000-fold. A graph of log PE type C dose used for pretreatment versus log 50% lethal dose of endotoxin gave a straight line with a slope of approximately -1. Rabbits that received PE type C alone showed fevers only, but those given both PE ty pe C and endotoxin showed initial fever followed by hypothermia, labored breathing, diarrhea, evidence of vascular collapse, and finally death. When a PE type C dose of 3 micrograms/kg was used, pretreatment of the animals with PE for 2 h before giving the endotoxin was required to obtain maximal susceptibility. However, when 15 micrograms of PE type C per kg was utilized, the endotoxin could be given before, concurrently, or after PE type C. The capacity of PE type C to prepare rabbits for enhanced susceptibility to endotoxin was lost after 24 to 48 h. Animals could be protected from enhanced susceptibility to endotoxin by prior immunization with either PE type C or endotoxin. However, 30% of the rabbits which were immunized with PE type C failed to develop immunity, and after three injections of PE type C, these animals developed gram-negative bacteremia and succumbed. In addition, rabbits with diarrhea initially, possibly caused by Pasteurella infection, died less than 24 h after a single injection of PE type C.
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PMID:Enhancement of host susceptibility to lethal endotoxin shock by staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C. 704 68

A 3-year-old male grey collie and 4-year-old female grey collie were part of a cyclic hematopoiesis study. Both dogs had experienced numerous bacterial infections, and both dogs were receiving various treatment regimens, including lithium and hematopoietic growth factors, to control the cyclic hematopoiesis. The first dog was presented in acute collapse and had a rapid clinical course. The second dog was presented with pyrexia and subsequently developed anorexia, disorientation, tremors, mild diarrhea, and bruising at venipuncture sites. Postmortem examination revealed pancreatic adenocarcinoma with metastasis in both cases. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm in dogs. The incidence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma noted in this report is more than 150 times that previously reported in dogs. The cause of the increased incidence of pancreatic malignancy in these grey collies is unknown; possible factors include chronic inflammation or infections, chronic drug therapy, or genetic predisposition. Development of an uncommon neoplasm in two young grey collies may offer an opportunity to study the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Pancreatic adenocarcinoma in two grey collie dogs with cyclic hematopoiesis. 747 71

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine used for 2000 years. It was applied externally for treatment of arthritis and inflammatory tissue swelling in early years. Recently, this drug has been found to have immunosuppressive effects which could successfully induce remission of some autoimmune disorders without obvious adverse effects. Although there are side effects of gastrointestinal upset, infertility and suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, little information about lethal toxicities has been reported. A case is presented here of a previously healthy young man who developed profuse vomiting and diarrhea, leukopenia, renal failure, profound hypotension and shock after ingestion of an extract of TWHF. In addition to his hypovolemic shock, serial electrocardiograms (ECG), cardiac enzyme studies, and echocardiography also showed some evidence of coexisting cardiac damage. He died of intractable shock 3 days after the abuse of TWHF. Further studies of the pathogenesis of peripheral collapse and possible cardiac toxicity, and determination of the therapeutic range of this drug are necessary before it is used extensively.
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PMID:Hypovolemic shock and mortality after ingestion of Tripterygium wilfordii hook F.: a case report. 762 89

The author's conclusion in this article is that the problem of population displacement appears to be increasing and that the geographic impact is spreading. There is a need to predict complex emergencies (civilians affected by war or civil strike and population displacement) earlier. Effective intervention methods will require information on the quantity and content of relief commodities and analysis of the impact of relief on the health and nutrition of the affected population. International relief efforts must be more than a symbol of help. The goal should be to prevent excess mortality among the affected populations. The public health challenge is to improve the health status of populations caught in the cycle of war, intimidation, hunger, migration, and death. The direct health consequences of civil strife are identified as death, injury, disability, sexual assault, and psychological stress. The indirect health consequences are identified as mass migration, food shortages, hunger, and the collapse of health services. The numbers of people affected as dependent refugees under the care of UNHCR increased from 5 million in 1980 to almost 23 million in 1994. The total population of refugees and displaced persons is reported to have increased between 1990 and 1994 from 30 million to 48 million. The death rate of newly arrived refugees in Thailand, Somalia, and Sudan is estimated to be 30 times the death rate in the country of origin. Crude death rates (deaths/1000/month) during 1990-93 are reported as ranging from 3.5 to 12 times the rates in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal, Malawi, and Zimbabwe. The death rates of children aged under 5 years are estimated to be higher than adult rates. Causes of death are generally preventable. Common causes of death include measles, diarrhea, malaria, cholera and dysentery, and acute respiratory infections. Public health programs must target basic needs for shelter, food, water, and sanitation.
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PMID:Mass population displacement. A global public health challenge. 767 72

A crude, whole-body extract of female or male heartworms was injected IV into 28 dogs with and 22 dogs without heartworm (HW) infection. The female HW extract caused shock in 22 of 24 dogs with and 12 of 20 dogs without HW infection. The male HW extract induced shock in 4 of 4 dogs with and 1 of 2 dogs without HW infection. Prevalence of shock caused by female HW extract was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in dogs with than without HW infection; shock developed 5 to 30 minutes after HW injection. These signs were observed: marked decrease in blood pressure; collapse (initial collapse); paleness of mucous membranes; weak heart sounds; dyspnea; skin coldness; intestinal hyperperistalsis, and defecation; increases in RBC count, serum total protein concentration, serum osmolality, serum Na and blood glucose concentrations; and decreases in neutrophil, eosinophil, and platelet counts. Alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities increased substantially from the time of initial collapse to 24 hours after HW injection. Of 39 dogs with shock, 29 recovered from initial collapse, but 5 of the 29 subsequently collapsed again (secondary collapse), with bloody diarrhea followed by death. Of these 39 dogs, 6 died during initial collapse without bloody diarrhea, and 4 were euthanatized during initial collapse. It was confirmed that HW extract had, in fact, induced shock. These clinical, hematologic, and biochemical findings were fundamentally similar to those associated with shock resulting from administration of drugs, such as diethylcarbamazine and milbemycin D, in microfilaremic dogs with HW infection.
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PMID:Clinical, hematologic, and biochemical findings in dogs after induction of shock by injection of heartworm extract. 787 76

KW-5092 ([1-[2-[[[5-(piperidinomethyl)-2- furanyl]methyl]amino]ethyl]-2-imidazolidinylidene) propanedinitrile fumarate) is a novel gastroprokinetic agent with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and acetylcholine (ACh) release facilitatory activity. The present study examined the effects of KW-5092 on gastrointestinal (GI) motor activity in dogs. In anesthetized dogs, KW-5092 at 0.03 to 1 mg/kg, i.v. dose-dependently enhanced the gastric antral and the colonic motor activity. Neostigmine, an AChE inhibitor, enhanced the motor activity at 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg, i.v. Ranitidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist with AChE inhibitory activity and ACh release facilitatory activity, enhanced the motor activity but decreased blood pressure at 1 to 10 mg/kg, i.v. In conscious dogs, KW-5092 at 0.03 to 1 mg/kg, i.v. or 1 to 10 mg/kg, p.o. dose-dependently enhanced the gastric antral, duodenal, ileal and the colonic motor activities. Neostigmine at 0.1 mg/kg, i.v. or 3 mg/kg, p.o. enhanced the duodenal, ileal and colonic motor activities, but induced excitement, slavering, vomiting and diarrhea. Ranitidine at 3 mg/kg, i.v. enhanced the gastric antral and colonic motor activities, but induced collapse or akinesia. The present results suggest that KW-5092 enhances the GI motor activity in a wide range from the gastric antrum to the colon and does not induce behavioral and cardiovascular side effects. KW-5092 may be a useful drug for the treatment of GI motility dysfunctions.
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PMID:Enhancement by KW-5092, a novel gastroprokinetic agent, of the gastrointestinal motor activity in dogs. 796 26

Defects in mitochondrial beta-oxidation may result in severe metabolic crisis after metabolic stress. The combination of hypoketotic hypoglycaemia and concurrent collapse of mitochondrial metabolic function may be very similar to that in Reye syndrome. Chronic effects on cardiac and skeletal muscle may be seen in some patients with defective long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Less common symptoms include peripheral neuropathy, pigmentary retinopathy, and failure to thrive with recurrent diarrhoea or vomiting. Collectively, such disorders are relatively common and their association with sudden infant death leads to a considerable demand for laboratory investigation. Currently the laboratory methods available are not capable of dealing with this demand in a rational and cost-effective manner and it is necessary to have careful clinically- and pathologically-based selection procedures if a useful service is to result.
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PMID:Defects in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation: clinical presentations and their role in sudden infant death. 844 23

While cholera is not endemic in Taiwan, the number of imported cases is increasing. We report a 59-year-old Taiwanese male who developed severe diarrhea and vomiting, two days after returning from Bali. The patient admitted drinking a beverage with ice purchased from a street vendor. On admission he was weak and dehydrated. The patient suffered from hypovolemic shock and acute renal failure. Elevated creatine phosphokinase indicated rhabdomyolysis. Fluid replacement with Ringer's lactate solution was instituted. Dyspnea and pulmonary edema developed, and hemodialysis was begun to remove excess fluid due to decreased urinary output. Isolation of Vibrio cholerae O1 from stool confirmed the diagnosis of cholera, and doxycyline was begun. The patient's condition stabilized, with increased urinary output, and resolution of diarrhea, vomiting and dyspnea. Cholera, although rare in Taiwan, can be lethal if left untreated. Rapid intervention with fluid replacement is essential to prevent hypovolemic shock and circulatory collapse in severe cases.
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PMID:Cholera associated with acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis: a case report. 904 70

Clostridium difficile toxin was detected in the feces of five cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) that died spontaneously over a period of 10 weeks. Deaths occurred subsequent to antibiotic therapy for infectious diarrhea associated with Campylobacter spp. Relevant clinical signs of disease prior to death included weight loss, watery diarrhea, hematochezia, weakness, and sudden collapse. On histologic examination of the colon at necropsy, pseudomembranous colitis was evident in two cases, a lesion consistent with C. difficile lesions in humans. This finding prompted submission of feces for C. difficile toxin analysis from these five cases. Four of the tamarins were from a single room, and the fifth was housed nearby. The proximity of the cases raises the possibility of environmental contamination by resistant C. difficile spores or fecal spread of the organism as reported in hospitals, day-care centers, and nurseries. The relative importance of C. difficile and its potential role as an unrecognized cause of enteric disease secondary to antibiotic therapy in nonhuman primates is discussed.
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PMID:Five spontaneous deaths associated with Clostridium difficile in a colony of cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). 935 88


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