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Query: UMLS:C0344329 (collapse)
 28,634 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a serious though infrequently reported pulmonary complication of AIDS. An unsuspected lung collapse was discovered via gallium scintigraphy for the study of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Neither the pneumonia nor the pneumothorax were apparent on the most recent chest roentgenogram. In evaluating gallium images during the work-up of AIDS patients with associated pulmonary pathology, the possible complication of lung collapse should be considered. If pneumothorax is suspected on gallium imaging, a chest roentgenogram in expiration must be obtained for prompt delineation of this serious, yet correctable, condition.
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PMID:Scintigraphic pattern of pneumothorax complicating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS. 239 Aug 22

Pneumothorax corresponds to the extravasation of air in the pleural cavity. This produces a partial or complete collapse of the adjacent lung. This is a common thorax disease resulting from a leak between the broncho-pulmonary gas compartment and the usually virtual pleural space. Pneumothorax is called spontaneous when no traumatic or iatrogenic factors are present. Spontaneous pneumothorax can be primary (when no radiographic or clinical injuries can be detected) or secondary to an underlying pulmonary disorder. Evolution of spontaneous pneumothorax is usually benign. However, recurrence is frequent. Preventing recurrences is the basis of all the therapeutic controversies which, after drainage, are based on pleurodesia indications. Vital prognosis may be compromised when pneumothorax is compressive, bilateral, or when it results in respiratory failure in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency.
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PMID:[Spontaneous pneumothorax]. 924 99

Spontaneous pneumothorax is rare in childhood. Before 12 years of age the main underlying pathologies are asthma, cystic malformations, post infectious bullae, and infectious pneumoniae. After 12 years of age it is mainly associated with cystic fibrosis and constitutional slim morphology. Symptoms vary according to the extent of lung collapse and the diagnosis is confirmed on chest X rays. In mildly symptomatic pneumothorax, spontaneous resolution is achieved within few days. When cardiorespiratory difficulties are present, mechanical evacuation of air from the pleural cavity is necessary through a tube drainage maintained until complete pulmonary reexpansion. Surgical treatment is indicated in case of persisting air leakage after one week of efficient drainage, large cystic malformation or post infectious bullae, recurring or bilateral pneumothorax.
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PMID:[Spontaneous pneumothorax in children]. 1079 46

Spontaneous pneumothorax comprises app. 0.1-2 % of surgical diseases. There are four subtypes; primary, secondary, catamenial and neonatal. Aetiology of primary pneumothorax is not exactly known since there is no direct relation to any basic lung disease. Nevertheless, in most patients (80-85 %), it develops due to the rupture of an emphysematous bulla or a subpleural air bubble, i.e. blebs. On the other hand, secondary pneumothorax is a result or a complication of a verified localized or general lung disorder. Catamenial pneumothorax is a recurrent lung collapse in women at the time of menstruation. Neonatal pneumothorax is found typically in immature or premature newborns, often in association with congenital lung disorders. From the pathological point of view, it is an acute disorder of distribution of blood gasses in lungs with subsequent hypoxemia, which can be identified as an acute thoracic event. The clinical picture of pulmonary collapse is characterised by a triad of symptoms++dyspnoea, pleuritic pain and dry and non-productive cough. The diagnosis is usually determined on the base of history and after a careful clinical examination. It is then verified on lung X-ray. The objective of therapy of spontaneous pneumothorax is to restore permanent lung expansion to the original extent. Conservative treatment is chosen in the first episodes of pneumothorax with small extent and without further complications or symptoms. In the rest of cases, the surgical treatment is necessary, which includes puncture of the pleural cavity, drainage and surgical revision using videothoracoscopy or thoracotomy. In general, in case of the first episode of pulmonary collapse it is recommended to perform less radical procedure, i.e. drainage of the pleural cavity. Recurrences of the disease are indicated for surgical treatment; primarily miniinvasive procedures, in which the site of air leaking from lung parenchyma is closed and also an artificial pleural symphysis is created to prevent recurrence of the collapse. This type of procedure provides best results; recurrence is not exceeding 3%.
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PMID:[Spontaneous pneumothorax]. 1699 16

This is the fourth update of the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax published by the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR). Spontaneous pneumothorax, or the presence of air in the pleural space not caused by injury or medical intervention, is a significant clinical problem. We propose a method for classifying cases into 3 categories: partial, complete, and complete with total lung collapse. This classification, together with a clinical assessment, would provide sufficient information to enable physicians to decide on an approach to treatment. This update introduces simple aspiration in an outpatient setting as a treatment option that has yielded results comparable to conventional drainage in the management of uncomplicated primary spontaneous pneumothorax; this technique is not, as yet, widely used in Spain. For the definitive treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax, the technique most often used by thoracic surgeons is video-assisted thoracoscopic bullectomy and pleural abrasion. Hospitalization and conventional tube drainage is recommended for the treatment of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. This update also has a new section on catamenial pneumothorax, a condition that is probably underdiagnosed. The definitive treatment for a recurring or persistent air leak is usually surgery or the application of talc through the drainage tube when surgery is contraindicated. Our aim in proposing algorithms for the management of pneumothorax in these guidelines was to provide a useful tool for clinicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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PMID:[Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax]. 1877 56

Spontaneous pneumothorax, a prevalent medical challenge in most trauma cases, is a form of sudden lung collapse closely associated with risk factors such as lung cancer and emphysema. Our work seeks to explore and quantify the currently unknown pathological factors underlying lesion rupture in pneumothorax through biomechanical modeling. We hypothesized that lesion instability is closely associated with elastodynamic strain of the pleural membrane from pulsatile air flow and collagen-elastin dynamics. Based on the principles of continuum mechanics and fluid-structure interaction, our proposed model coupled isotropic tissue deformation with pressure from pulsatile air motion and the pleural fluid. Next, we derived mathematical instability criteria for our ordinary differential equation system and then translated these mathematical instabilities to physically relevant structural instabilities via the incorporation of a finite energy limiter. The introduction of novel biomechanical descriptions for collagen-elastin dynamics allowed us to demonstrate that changes in the protein structure can lead to a transition from stable to unstable domains in the material parameter space for a general lesion. This result allowed us to create a novel streamlined algorithm for detecting material instabilities in transient lung CT scan data via analyzing deformations in a local tissue boundary.
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PMID:On the stability of lung parenchymal lesions with applications to early pneumothorax diagnosis. 2376 95

A 17-year-old man came to the hospital complaining of right back pain. He had a history of an emergency operation for a left idiopathic hemopneumothorax. A chest X-ray revealed right lung collapse and suggested pleural adhesion at the apex of the right lung. He was diagnosed with right spontaneous pneumothorax and the surgical treatment was performed, because pleural adhesion may cause the hemothorax. During surgery, several pleural adhesion bands were found in the thoracic cavity between the right lung apex and chest wall. Spontaneous pneumothorax with a pleural adhesion at the apex is considered to be the indication for surgery because of the risk of hemothorax.
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PMID:[Contralateral Pneumothorax after Surgery for Idiopathic Hemopneumothorax;Report of a Case]. 3326 61