Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 28,634 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

General pharmacological effects of [Ethyl p-(6-guanidinohexanoyloxy)benzoate] methanesulfonate (FOY), a new antiproteolytic agent, were studied and the following results were obtained. Acute administration of large doses of FOY in conscious dogs and rabbits caused a decrease in spontaneous motility, ataxia, cyanosis, collapse, mydriasis, and respiratory paralysis. The agent had no effect on the central nervous system and exhibited hypotensive effects in dogs in doses of more than 1 mg/kg. Hypotensive responses were not inhibited by treatment with atropine or hexamethonium. FOY had no effects on ECG in the rabbit at doses of less than 30 mg/kg and at doses from 10(-6) to 10(-4)g/ml, distinctly reduced the amplitude of the spontaneous and rhythmic contractions of the isolated rabbit ileum, guinea-pig ileum and rat uterus preparation. The contractile response to nerve stimulation, noradrenaline and barium was suppressed in isolated guinea-pig vas deferens. FOY had no effects on the twitch response of gastrocnemius muscle to sciatic nerve stimulation in rats. The drug caused local irritant effects in rabbits and rats.
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PMID:[Pharmacological action of [ethyl p(6-guanidinohexanoyloxy)benzoate] methanesulfonate (FOY)]. 23 87

In 1965 International Planned Parenthood recommended the use of IUDs due to their effectiveness, and in that year, IUDs were first introduced in the Eastern European Socialist countries. Newer models are bioactive. Not only do they fill the uterus by their very presence, but they also produce a chemical reaction which influences the enzyme structure, one of the factors in reproduction. Currently there are 4 IUDs being produced in Poland. Spiran W (Securitas) is soft, elastic and heart shaped, molding into various shapes in the uterus to suit the particular uterine structure. A double-layered IUD produced in 1973, pat. no. 68808 is very effective with one layer touching the frontal wall and the other the back wall of the uterus. The new Spider Cu (Securitas), a bioactive IUD is easy to insert and does not require that it be positioned horizontally as for example, the Copper T. Flower Cu (Securitas) shaped like a "W" is simply constructed, elastic and rivals the Copper T, because upon insertion, both ends of the horizontal part rest upon the base of the uterus. Every IUD requires a different technique for insertion; detailed instructions are always included. Polish IUDs are not packaged in sterile containers and so should be placed for 24 hours in a solution of 1% sterinol or better yet, 20 minutes in an iodide water solution 1:5000, which does no cell damage. Inserting an IUD in a woman who has never given birth may require numbing the cervix first. A patient should be ovserved for several minutes after the entire procedure has been completed because women often collapse afterwards. IUDs are effective contraceptives, with currently 20 million users world wide.
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PMID:[Preventing unwanted pregnancies]. 25

This paper reviews the literature since 1967 on rupture of the pregnant uterus and presents findings from a series of 47 uterine ruptures (35 of which were complete) managed by the authors. Uterine rupture accounts for 5% of maternal mortality in the US and there is some evidence that its incidence is increasing. The incidence of uterine rupture is 1:1000-1:1500 deliveries in the US but far lower if only cases of spontaneous rupture of the intact uterus are included. In the author's series, spontaneous ruptures accounted for about 25% of the total and only 17% of these occurred before the onset of labor. A uterine scar, particularly one from a previous cesarean section, is the most common predisposing factor. Age and parity are alos related to the incidence of uterine rupture in most series. Ruptures occuring during labor generally involve the lower segment whereas those prior to labor are usually corporal. Symptoms are estremely variable, ranging from none to complete collapse. The amount of intraperitoneal spill, degree of fetal and placental extrusion, condition of the patient, and degree of retraction of the uterine musculature and important factors in symptamatology. The classical clinical picture includes abdominal pain and tenderness, cessation of labor, shock, and vaginal bleeding. Immediate surgical intervention, with institution of appropriate supportive measures to combat shock and hemorrhage, is the cornerstone of treatment of uterine rupture. The choice of surgical procedure depends on the type, extent, and location of the rupture as well as the patient's condition and desire to preserve her childbearing capacity. Hysterectomy is the procedure of choice in cases of spontaneous or traumatic rupture with no uterine scar. It is doubtful that the incidence of spontaneous rupture of the unscarred uterus can be reduced until more is known about its etiology. Traumatic and spontaneous ruptures are most dangerous, with maternal mortality rates of 20% and 8%, respectively. Knowledge of uterine rupture would be significantly enhanced by a collaborative type study collecting data from several institutions over a given time period.
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PMID:Rupture of the pregnant uterus: a review. 34 49

During hysteroscopy the uterus may be distended with carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), or Hyskon (a high molecular weight dextran). An initial study in 27 patients (group 1) using arterialized venous blood samples demonstrated rises in carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) when N2O was insufflated by using a laparoscopy insufflating device--a constant-pressure, variable-volume gas source. Cardiovascular collapse occurred in one patient in this group, most probably as a result of macropulmonary emboli of N2O. The rise in PCO2 is accounted for by an increase in physiologic dead space. In another 24 patients (group 2) the gaseous media were introduced by using a constant-volume, variable-pressure gas source; this resulted in minimal changes in arterial PCO2. The choice of whether a gaseous or liquid distending medium is used for hysteroscopy is governed by the state of the endometrium. If a gaseous medium is indicated, then CO2 is preferable to N2O and should be introduced with a constant-volume, variable-pressure gas source.
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PMID:Blood carbon dioxide tension changes during hysteroscopy. 46

The examination of early perinatal mortality (between 28 weeks gestation and 1 week after birth) was conducted in the Machakos District Hospital in Kenya over a 4-month period. The hospital provides full gynecological and obstetric services and family planning. Out of 2171 deliveries recorded that early perinatal mortality rate (EPMR) was 53/1000 (114 losses). The maternal mortality rate was 2.7/1000 due to 3 ruptured uteri, 1 postpartum hemorrhage, 1 case of cerebral malaria, and 1 care of anesthetic complications. In the analysis of factors associated with EPMR, the findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference between married and single/separated status with regard to EPMR. Although not statistically significant, EPMR was lowest at a parity of 2. Maternal educational level and socioeconomic status had a statistically significant impact on EPMR. 70% of the mothers were in the low socioeconomic group, which had the highest rates of mortality. 5% of the birthing mothers did not receive prenatal care and contributed 22% of the perinatal mortality. There was also an unexpected number of perinatal deaths for mothers who had received prenatal car at a sub-district hospital. There was a very low EPMR (34/1000) for mothers without any complications, which constituted 81.4% of pregnancies. The highest EPMR of 315/1000 was found among those mothers with "threatened abortion." Malpresentation accounted for an EPMR of 242/1000, and prepartum hemorrhage, for an EPMR of 210/1000. 1.1% of mothers had a urinary tract infection, .1% had cardiac disease, and .1% had diabetes, but these complications were not associated with EPMR. 17% were premature births; 10% were births after 42 weeks. Mortality was highest among babies of less tan 28 weeks gestation. Among the 82% with the uncomplicated labor the EPMR was 10/1000. The 6% with prolonged labor had an EPMR of 177/1000. The highest EPMR was found among women with a ruptured uterus an cord collapse. The birth weight groups of 3000 to 3494 had the lowest EPMR. The recommendations pertained to improvements in the health care system.
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PMID:Factors influencing early perinatal mortality in a rural district hospital. 164 26

Onchocerca volvulus worms, extracted from nodules by collagenase digestion, stained with haematoxylin and cleared in glycerol, were unravelled for longitudinal examination and later embedded in brain blocks for study of serial transverse sections. A classification system for female worms is proposed, based on the reproductive status of 446 worms from Guatemala, 94 from Liberia and 125 from Mali. They were categorized into fecund, inseminated specimens; uninseminated, but potentially fertile specimens, shedding ova destined to degenerate; worms changing from the uninseminated to the inseminated state and vice versa, which were few in number; old worms, with degenerate ovaries, whose genital tracts were either empty or had disappeared; and moribund or dead worms, characterized by loss of turgor, collapse and degeneration, calcification, or invasion by polymorphic, basophilic cells. Potentially fertile worms shed oocytes continuously and, when they were inseminated, embryonic development ensured. No evidence was found of a periodic cycle of reproduction. Inseminated worms were found in nodules without a male worm, and uninseminated worms in nodules harbouring male worms. Measurements are recorded of portions of the female reproductive tract and of the length of uterus occupied by the various embryonic stages in fully fecund worms. A significant difference in the length of the body behind the first and second ovaries was observed as between worms from West African savanna (Mali) and forest (Liberia). Limited observations were also made on meiosis in the oocyte, penetration of the oocyte by sperm, formation of the ovum, syngamy and zygote formation.
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PMID:On the reproductive activity of the female Onchocerca volvulus. 207 83

Septic shock in obstetrics is a major cause of mortality. Postpartum endometritis is often the first step of bacterial colonization inside the uterus which becomes the nidus of infection. Rapid spread into general circulation is favoured by hemodynamics patterns of pregnancy. Bacteremia would result in cardiovascular collapse and a myocardial depressant factor has been proposed to explain the fall in cardiac output. Later, endotoxin activates the substances of malignant intravascular inflammation and multiple systems organ failure may be observed in uncontrolled sepsis. Eight cases are reported hospitalized at Morelia's General Hospital, SSA, with septic shock and MSOF. Presumably because of aggressive acute resuscitation nobody succumbed during acute cardiac failure and hypotensive episode but two patients died later with multiple system organ failure. The mortality was 25%. Fluid, resuscitation, and vasoactive drugs are the most effective way to reduce mortality. Antibiotics, specific treatment of MSOF and taking away the nidus of infection are critical components of therapy.
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PMID:[Septic shock in obstetrics]. 207 37

The authors compared the clinical and pathological findings between adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). In ARDS, the most common causes were injury, infection, shock and acidosis. The clinical course was longer. The weight of the lungs increased markedly, the hyaline membrane formation in the alveoli was late in the clinical course, and the degree of edema in the interstitium of the lungs and microthrombosis within the blood vessels was more serious. The pathogenesis of ARDS was related to the activation of the complements and neutrophils by inflammation in which proteinase, oxygen radical, thromboxane, leukotriene and prostaglandin were released. Thus the endothelial cells of the blood vessels and capillary-alveoli membrane were damaged by these mediators. On the other hand, the main contributory factors of IRDS were suffocation of premature fetus by various reasons in the uterus and aspiration of meconium during delivery by the infant. The clinical course was shorter, alveolar hemorrhage and collapse were severe and hyaline membrane in alveoli was formed in early stage of the clinical course. Insufficiency of surfactant in premature fetus, damage of the surfactant system by hypoxia, aspiration of foreign materials and defect of the epithelial cells of infant were the pathogenic factors of IRDS, they resulted in increase of permeability of fluid and, as a result, led to pulmonary edema and atelectasis.
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PMID:[Clinical and pathologic comparison of adult respiratory distress syndrome and infant respiratory distress syndrome]. 263 70

The reproductive tracts of 50 bitches were ultrasonically imaged to evaluate the appearance of the uterus and ovaries at different stages of the oestrous cycle. Ovarian follicular growth was observed throughout the oestrous period. Follicles increased in size slowly until 7 days after the onset of pro-oestrus. Thereafter there was a rapid increase in diameter, indicating impending ovulation. The maximum recorded follicular diameter was 13 mm. It was not possible to observe ovulation since in the bitch follicles do not collapse as rapidly as in other species. During the post-ovulatory period there was a gradual loss of follicle shape and an increase in wall thickness. It was not possible to image the uterus of prepubertal bitches or young nulliparous bitches in anoestrus. During pro-oestrus and oestrus the uterus became increasingly hypoechoic with central regions of hyperechogenicity, which may represent uterine oedema. Uterine involution was observed in 5 bitches, and a rapid change in uterine diameter occurred over the first 3 days post partum. The ultrasonographic appearance was characteristic at this time.
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PMID:Real-time ultrasonic imaging of the ovary and uterus of the dog. 269 45

A case report is presented of a parturient who suffered severe hypotension and pulmonary oedema following an overdose of intramyometrial prostaglandin F2 alpha. Oxytocin induction of labour in this patient led to a rapid delivery, followed by a hypotonic uterus and postpartum haemorrhage. After resuscitation with blood and crystalloid fluids, the uterus was explored under general anaesthesia. The uterus was free of retained products but the lower uterine segment failed to contract despite bimanual uterine compression and intravenous oxytocin. Prostaglandin F2 alpha was injected into the lower uterine segment via a transvaginal approach. This was rapidly followed by cardiovascular collapse and later by pulmonary oedema. The differential diagnosis and subsequent management are discussed.
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PMID:Cardiovascular collapse following an overdose of prostaglandin F2 alpha: a case report. 278 38


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