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 28,634 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In February 1979 a 51 year old man fell will in Munich, displaying symptoms of an influenza-like illness which developed into pneumonia. The patient died eight days later of circulatory collapse which failed to respond to treatment, accompanied by high temperature, leucopenia and agranulocytosis. Typical rods detected in the lung tissue and histological sections by immunofluorescence indicated the possibility of a Legionella pneumophila infection. The pathogen isolated from the lung tissue on CYE agar was identified as L. pneumophila, serogroup I. The diagnosis was confirmed by the CDC, Atlanta. This is the first time this organism has been isolated in Central Europe from a case with a fatal outcome.
Infection 1979
PMID:[Legionnaires' disease in Germany (author's transl)]. 47 55

Roots of field-grown tropical maize, Panicum maximum Jacq. and Digitaria decumbens Stent., and of sorghum and wheat grown in monoxenic culture with the diazotroph Spirillum lipoferum (syn. Azospirillum spp.) were examined for tetrazolium-reducing bacteria following incubation of roots in a malate-phosphate buffer-2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride medium. Bacteria were observed between and in cells of the cortex, in intercellular spaces between the cortex and endodermis, in xylem cells, and in and between pith cells. In maize, colonization of the inner cortex and stele appears to occur in the absence of significant bacterial colonization or collapse of outerlying tissues. Bacteria in the stele remained viable after a 6-h treatment of roots with chloramine-t, indicating that the endodermis was intact. Infection of the inner cortex and stele appears to occur initially in branches, and then to spread longitudinally into main roots. Inter- and intra-cellular infections of the cortex were observed in monoxenic systems. Tetrazolium reduction and prominent crystal formation was not specific for diazotrophic bacteria, but S. lipoferum was isolated from surface-sterilized roots, and S. lipoferum-like organisms were observed in the endorhizosphere. A correlation of inner cortex and stele infections with the presence of branches appears to explain previous observations that excised roots of grasses exhibiting high nitrogenase activity are characteristically branched roots with an intact cortex.
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PMID:Light microscopy observations of tetrazolium-reducing bacteria in the endorhizosphere of maize and other grasses in Brazil. 66 40

Infection of Human organism by Human Immunodeficiency viruses induces, after a shorter or a longer period, a complex immune Deficiency (ID) that has been named Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Although the designation is not correct, it has been accepted by the scientific community. AIDS includes multiple clinical situations that have in common HIV infection and an almost constant ID, that at the end of natural course of infection manifestated by the presence of opportunistic infections and malignant tumors. HIV-1 and HIV-2 are slow RNA viruses with a common architecture and well known genomic organization. The characteristics that made HIV infectious agent n. 1 in XXth Century are their remarkable heterogeneity, close AA sequence homology between some of their proteins and relevant molecules in human beings: MHC molecules, IL-2, VIP, etc. and a strong affinity of gp 120 to CD4 receptor of T helper lymphocytes (T4), mononuclear phagocytes, natural killer cells, etc. all of them sharing a relevant role in normal immune response (IR). Affected in its cornerstones of cellular defense, human organism starts an immune defense through antibodies, cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) Natural Killer Cells (NK) antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), that fails. Activating immune system HIV turn that defense strategy to their own profit and enhanced replication. After an apparent latency period--in which the balance seems to favor the host--new viral variants arise due to high rate of HIV mutagenesis, that in turn stimulate immune system, induce new cycles of viral replication and new high virulent mutants, leading to the final collapse of Immune System.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Immunologic aspects of HIV infection]. 180 34

Infection of human epidermoid carcinoma No. 2 cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) leads to a reorganization of antigens associated with both the small and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (snRNP and hnRNP). The hnRNP core protein antigens remain associated with the host chromatin, which appears to collapse into internal aggregates and along the nuclear envelope. More striking is the formation of prominent clusters of snRNP antigens (both general and U1 snRNP specific), which appear to condense throughout the nucleus then migrate to the periphery. These snRNP clusters have been identified at the fine structure level by immuno-electron microscopy. The HSV-1 presumed transcriptional activator ICP4, DNA-binding protein ICP8, and two capsid proteins ICP5 and p40 are not detectably associated with the snRNP clusters. Similar reorganization of snRNP occurs with HSV-2 and upon infection of African green monkey VERO cells with HSV-1. We speculate that the snRNP clusters arise from an increase in size and density of the interchromatin granule region of the host cell as a result of the partial inactivation of snRNP and host pre-mRNA splicing.
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PMID:Redistribution of nuclear ribonucleoprotein antigens during herpes simplex virus infection. 282 25

Some features of the HIV infection are unique to the developing world (as exemplified by Africa, which is the frontline continent for AIDS). The infection affects all social groups, and since it is spread by heterosexual activity, it affects equal numbers of men and women, and the infection of women has dire consequences for population structure. Opportunistic infections are caused by organisms against which there is no effective treatment. Health budgets, with an average of $10 per capita, cannot buy such drugs as are available. Political instability and poverty create a climate favorable to casual sex and prostitution. Infection is highest among adults in their 20s and 30s, when the men are most productive economically, and the women have begun but not completed their childbearing. In Zaire the mean age at infection is 37 for men and 30 for women, and the mean age at death in Zambia is 35 for men and 26 for women. Seroprevalence is as high as 76% (among barmaids in Uganda), and at least half of the spouses of seropositive persons are infected. The number of new cases at 1 hospital in Kampala was 3-8/day in 1986. Using what is known about AIDS and what is know about the population structure in African countries, it is possible to model the impact of AIDS on a typical developing country with a population of 10 million. If seropositivity were 5%, 20.000 cases of AIDS could be expected each year among 15-50-year olds, with an additional 1500 cases among newborns. At least half of the babies of seropositive women will be seropositive. For every adult death, 20 man- or 40 woman-hours of work will be lost. The deaths of young married women will leave an immense burden of sick and dying orphans on extended families whose kinship ties are no longer close enough to cope, in countries which have no institutional facilities for orphan care. The number of opportunistic infections will increase, and, unless AIDS patients are turned away, health resources will be drained from potentially curable diseases. The number of people willing to practice medicine, nursing, and midwifery will diminish, and the burden of AIDS care will fall on already overcrowded, large urban hospitals. Blood transfusions will become unavailable because no one will want to be tested for HIV seropositivity. Xenophobia will characterize international relations, and governments will collapse, as educated decision-makers and managers die and cannot be replaced. The only bright spots in this otherwise dismal prospect are the increased awareness of young people of the need for chastity and monogamy, with an attendant fall in the level of sexually transmitted diseases generally; an acceleration in the development of health services and diagnostic facilities; the possibility of the development of a vaccine from the more benign HIV-2; a renewal of social life not based on sex; and a return to transcendental values and faith in God.
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PMID:Impact of AIDS in the developing world. 305 46

This article has overviewed complications of rhinoplasty. Generally, these complications fall into two categories: aesthetic (that is, cosmetic sequelae that may require a revision rhinoplasty) and nonaesthetic. Of the nonaesthetic complications, infection has the widest span of severity. A localized Staphylococcus aureus abscess or Pseudomonas infection of the nose may occur postoperatively. Owing to the proximity of the nose to the cranium, a cavernous sinus thrombosis or basilar meningitis may result. Postoperative toxic-shock syndrome is a rare occurrence that surgeons should be aware of; most cases have occurred with the presence of nasal packing, but a case using only plastic nasal splints has been reported also. Bacteremia seems to be uncommon during rhinoplasty. Infection after rhinoplasty is generally much less frequent than one would expect from an operation in an unsterile field. Antibiotics are frequently utilized electively. Postoperative nasal-periorbital edema and ecchymosis are regarded as unavoidable but may be lessened significantly by postoperative head elevation and cold packs. The possibility of postoperative bleeding must be evaluated by the surgeon preoperatively. This sequela usually occurs either within 72 hours postoperatively or at around 10 days postoperatively. Many different causes exist for chronic postoperative nasal obstruction, from poorly supported nasal valves closing upon inspiration to an enhanced allergic rhinitis leading to chronic nasal mucosal edema. The latter may be treated by injection of steroid into the turbinates. Among aesthetic complications, supratip prominence, saddle deformity, and persistent hump are among the more commonly reported. Supratip prominence--"polly-beak"--can be caused by inadequate reduction of tip cartilaginous or soft-tissue elements, especially in relation to the reduction of the dorsum. An over-reduced dorsum will leave an otherwise normal nasal tip with a relative prominence. An accumulation of blood or a mucous cyst occurring under the skin of the tip will produce a prominence. Poor tip projection, tip ptosis, and alar collapse are the result of overreduction of tip elements. A dislocated alar cartilage can appear as an asymmetric nasal bossa. Saddle-nose deformity occurs after overaggressive bony and/or cartilaginous hump removal. Infractured nasal bones that subsequently drop into the piriform aperture can create a bony saddle. Persistent hump is due to inadequate reduction of a bony or cartilaginous hump. If the septal cartilage reduction is disproportionate to the bony septum reduction, the appearance of either a hump or a saddle is possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Postoperative sequelae and complications of rhinoplasty. 332 Aug 72

Twenty-four fatal cases of echo 11 infection in the eleven years 1968-78 are presented. All were children, and could be divided into two groups according to age at death and clinical presentation. The first group comprised 12 babies who died aged between 5 and 11 days after a short illness characterised by collapse, acidosis, and bleeding. At necropsy there was evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation with haemorrhage into many organs including the renal medulla, suprarenal glands, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system. Six cases showed hepatic necrosis which was massive in three. Virus was present in many tissues. Infection was probably acquired from the mothers at delivery in 3 cases. Low maternal neutralising antibody titres and prematurity were thought to be adverse factors in the outcome. The second group consisted of 12 children aged between 9 weeks and 4 years 10 months who died suddenly. Pathological findings included upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, encephalitis, and gastroenteritis. Six of this group had been classified as 'cot deaths'. The role of echo 11 in the death of some of these older children is unknown. This report shows the danger of echo 11 to neonates, especially if unprotected by maternal antibody.
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PMID:Fatal infection with echovirus 11. 719 96

The reconstruction of extensive defects of the trachea ist best accomplished by the use of the patient's own tissue. Unfortunately, this is not always feasible and several prosthetic devices for replacement of the trachea have been described. In an experimental study staged tracheal replacements were performed in five dogs using a ringed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) tubular prosthesis previously cultured in the major omentum of the subjects. A set of stainless-steel arches embodied in silicone compound was designed to prevent collapse of the prosthesis. One of the subjects died on the 10th post-operative day of an unidentified cause and the remaining four eventually developed signs of respiratory distress. The cause of the respiratory insufficiency was anastomotic stenosis in every case. Infection, erosion, collapse or displacement were not observed. The rings designed to avoid collapse of the prosthesis represent a suitable alternative for use as external reinforcement in the tracheal situation. The PET grafts implanted as tracheal prosthesis according to the guidelines of this protocol consistently developed anastomotic stenosis and failed to support a functional respiratory epithelium. A further conclusion is that the use of absorbable sutures encourages anastomotic dehiscence and thus must be avoided.
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PMID:Staged replacement of the canine trachea with ringed polyethylene terephthalate grafts. 786 94

Adult male rats were subjected to pyelonephritis by direct kidney intramedullary injection of 0.1 ml saline suspension of 10(5) E. coli. Animals were killed at intervals of 4, 10, 15, 30 and 60 days. Half of each kidney and bladder were cultured in proper bacteriologic media to demonstrate the existence of infection. The other halves were submitted to light microscopy and ultrastructural studies. Immunofluorescence methods were used for the study of connective matrix components, at the initial stage of the inflammatory process (4, 10 and 15 days). Infection was documented by bacteriologic, gross and microscopic findings in all groups following inoculation, and it lasted up to two months. Following the acute inflammatory reaction, fibronectin and type III collagen were deposited in the interstitium of kidneys. Small amounts of type I collagen were found later. Type IV collagen appeared in small quantities, associated with collapse of structures containing basement membranes. Fibronectin became concentrated in re-activated foci. The subsequent scarring and associated focal renal atrophy depended upon the extension of the acute lesion.
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PMID:Dynamics of connective matrix deposition in acute experimental E. coli pyelonephritis in rats. 808 88

The principle of treating stiff hypertrophic nonunions of long bones with distraction using the Ilizarov method permits simultaneous correction of axial deformity, angular deformity, translational deformity, shortening, and, in most instances, infection. Twenty-one hypertrophic nonunions in 19 patients were treated using the Ilizarov apparatus in distraction. Six of these patients had associated chronic osteomyelitis. Ilizarov treatment ranged from four to 12 months (mean, 6.5 months). Follow-up time ranged from three to 11 years. Stable union was achieved in all patients. Angular, axial, and translational deformities were corrected in all patients; length discrepancies were corrected in 18 of 21 patients (86%). Infection resolved in five of the six cases (83%) with chronic osteomyelitis. The sole complication was axial collapse of regenerate bone (in one patient with subsequent loss of 2 cm of lengthening) after premature removal of the Ilizarov fixator. Distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of stiff hypertrophic nonunions offers the most complete method of providing optimal limb function. The process allows the patient to maintain extremity mobility and weight bearing while undergoing treatment.
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PMID:Distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of stiff hypertrophic nonunions using the Ilizarov apparatus. 815 67


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