Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Indices of vagal and sympathetic activity were studied in 30 elderly males, to elucidate their possible roles in causing hypotension during spinal analgesia. The technique of spinal analgesia and the regimen of intravenous fluids were standardised. An index of vagal activity was derived from the degree of heart rate variation (successive RR interval change) on ECG recordings. Sympathetic activity was evaluated by changes in the skin conductance (SCR) of 15 patients. Analgesia to pinprick reached a median dermatome level of T5-6 (range T2-T10) by 15 min. Hypotension was correlated with the level of analgesia, and was more likely when spinal analgesia was higher than T5. There was no correlation between vagal activity and the degree of hypotension. The depression of skin conductance responses was not correlated with the degree of hypotension nor with vagal activity. Vagal efferent activity, measured at the heart, does not seem to play a causative role in hypotension occurring during spinal analgesia.
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PMID:Vagal and sympathetic activity during spinal analgesia. 234 27

Skin conductance responses (SCR, "sympatho-galvanic reflex") were measured before and during spinal analgesia in 17 patients scheduled for transurethral surgery. Responses were provoked by standardized electrical stimulation over the clavicle opposite to the recording side; alternatively, a short deep breath, pinching, verbal stimuli or sharp sounds were used. Measuring sites (two electrodes 6 cm apart) were the hand, levels T5, T9, T12-L1 and the foot. Spinal analgesia reached a median cephalad level of T4 (mean T4, range +/- 3 segments) 20-25 min after injection. SCR was markedly depressed in the foot in 15 of 17 patients, at T12-L1 in 12 of 17, at T9 in 10 of 17, at T5 in 9 of 16 and in the hand in 6 of 17. Total abolition of the SCR in the foot was accomplished in only seven cases and sympathetic activity reappeared long before regression of analgesia or motor blockade was observed. In four cases of five with an analgesic level T1-T2, the SCR was preserved in the hand. No consistent correlation between blood pressure change and SCR-change was seen. The conclusion from this study is that preganglionic sympathetic B-fibres are more difficult to block than A-fibres during spinal analgesia. The duration of sympathetic blockade was far shorter than analgesia and motor blockade. Thus, sympathetic blockade during spinal analgesia seems to be far less extensive than that described in the literature.
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PMID:Skin conductance responses during spinal analgesia. 397 23

Looking at one's own body has been shown to induce analgesia. In the present work we investigated whether illusory self-identification with an avatar, as induced experimentally through visuo-tactile stimulation, modulates the response to painful stimuli. In 30 healthy volunteers, a robotic device was used to stroke the participants' back, while they viewed either the body of an avatar, a non-body object (control object), or a body avatar with scrambled body parts (control body). All were visually stimulated in either congruent or incongruent fashion with the participant's body. We collected physiological responses (skin conductance response: SCR) to painful stimuli delivered to the participant's hand and responses to a questionnaire inquiring about self-identification with the avatar. We expected reduced physiological responses to pain during the observation of a body avatar only during synchronous visuo-tactile stroking and no reduction for the control object and the control body. Results showed a reduced SCR to painful stimuli when participants observed the normal body avatar being stroked synchronously that was also associated with largest self-identification ratings recordable already during the pain anticipation. Moreover, a negative correlation between self-identification and SCR was observed, suggesting that a greater degree of self-identification with the avatar was associated with larger decreases in SCR. These results suggest that during states of illusory self-identification with the avatar, the vision of an alien body (anatomically compatible for the vision and congruently stroked for the touch) is effective in modulating physiological responses to painful stimuli.
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PMID:Illusory self-identification with an avatar reduces arousal responses to painful stimuli. 2441 86