Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tolerance to various effects of morphine in the rat can be quantified by means of a shift of semi-logarithmic dose-response curves. Tolerance to analgesia (hot plate, acetic acid writhing), catalepsy, and the tilted plane develops in a closely similar manner. Also, the stimulating effects of about 1 mg/kg morphine-HC1 tested in an open-field procedure are somewhat less pronounced in chronically treated rats than in naive ones. There is no correlation between tolerance development and the acute ED50 of different tests.
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PMID:The development of tolerance to morphine in the rat. 41 15

The analgestic action in mice of single injections of heroin hydrochloride ranging from 0.3-240mg/kg was measured by the tail-clip and by the hot-plate methods. The duration of analgesia increased as the dose of heroin increased. By the tail-clip technique, the mean effective dose (ED50) (and standard error of estimate) at 30 min was calculated as 1.0 (+/3.42) mg/kg while at 180 min it was 27.5 (+/3.05). By the hot-plate technique the ED50 at 30 min was 4.9 (+/3.13) mg/kg and at 180 min it was 173.8 (+/5.38) mg/kg. The hot-plate method, though less sensitive than the tail-clip method, yields a regression line derived from ED50 values at various testing times of the same slope; thus the two methods give comparable results for changes in analgesia with time. The rate of change of the median analgesic dose of heroin HC1 in mice was calculated to be 2% per minute. In similar mice the acute mean lethal dose for single, subcutaneous injections of heroin HC1 was calculated to be 190.5+/3.01 mg/kg (95% confidence limits).
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PMID:Duration of analgesia in mice after heroin by two testing methods. 95 67

A thoracotomy was performed at the left 5th intercostal space in 24 dogs. Dogs were assigned to 4 groups of 6 dogs each. Postoperative analgesia was administered as follows: group 1--control, no analgesia; group II--morphine (0.5 mg/kg of body weight); group III--oxymorphone (0.1 mg/kg); group IV--selective intercostal nerve block with bupivacaine HC1. Respiratory rate, minute volume (VE), and arterial blood gases were measured during the recovery period. Ventilation-perfusion mismatch was estimated by calculation of the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference. Arterial carbon dioxide tension (Paco2) in the control and selective intercostal nerve block groups remained within the normal range and did not differ significantly (P less than 0.05) between groups. During the first 60 to 90 minutes after surgery, Paco2 tension was increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in the groups given morphine and oxymorphone. Hypoventilation in the groups given narcotics resulted from significant reductions (P less than 0.05) in the respiratory rate and VE and produced significant (P less than 0.05) respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia. Three dogs in the groups given narcotics had a panting response that resulted in increased respiratory rates and VE. This response did not improve alveolar ventilation in these dogs, which was evidenced by increased Paco2 values. Hypoventilation, respiratory acidosis, and hypoxemia in the groups given narcotics improved significantly with time, presumably because of drug clearance. Values for alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference indicated moderate ventilation-perfusion mismatch secondary to anesthesia in all groups; however, significant differences (P less than 0.05) between the groups were not observed.
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PMID:Pulmonary function in dogs after intercostal thoracotomy: comparison of morphine, oxymorphone, and selective intercostal nerve block. 242 Feb 41

In order to find out whether repeated doses of plain mepivacaine are appropriate for long-lasting microvascular surgery, a catheter-induced axillary plexus block was performed in 17 patients by using 400 mg of mepivacaine-HC1 every two hours. All patients underwent replantation surgery of one or more amputated fingers. Duration of operation varied from 8 to 24 hours. In all cases, there was adequate analgesia and muscle relaxation for the surgical procedure. Serum levels of mepivacaine were determined before, and 15 and 60 minute after the initial injection. With each following injection of mepivacaine, blood samples were taken at the same time schedule. Within the first eight hours, after four 400 mg doses of mepivacaine were given, all serum levels remained below the level of 5 to 6 micrograms/ml, which is said to be the lower level for mild cerebral toxic reactions in venous blood (blood/plasma distribution 0.92 +/- 0.04). After this time, when more than 1600 mg of mepivacaine had been administered, two patients exceeded the level of 6 micrograms/ml. The highest serum concentration observed in any of the patients was 7.0 micrograms/ml. This was 15 minutes after the 12th injection of 400 mg of mepivacaine and an overall dosage of 4800 mg. None of the patients showed evident signs of central nervous system or cardiovascular toxicity.
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PMID:Serum levels of mepivacaine-HCl during continuous axillary brachial plexus block. 248 91

The principal site of action of intravenous regional anesthesia was studied using both prilocaine HC1 0.5% and technetium pertechnetate to define their distribution in the upper limb during this method of anesthesia. Using a single upper arm tourniquet and injecting technetium pertechnetate into a cubital fossa vein, the isotope spread to the finger tips. When a double tourniquet system was used to isolate the hand from the forearm, the following results were obtained: for up to 20 min after injection of the 40 ml of normal saline and radioisotope there was no leakage into the general circulation nor into the hand; after injection of 40 ml prilocaine HCl 0.5% into a cubital fossa vein, there was no anesthesia in the hand except for a small area on the dorsum corresponding to the area of sensory distribution of the radial nerve; while the tourniquets were inflated there was cramping pain in the hand. The results indicate that the initial analgesia obtained with the intravenous regional technique was due to blockade of small nerves or possibly nerve endings and not of the major nerve trunks at the elbow as has been suggested previously.
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PMID:Site of action of intravenous regional anesthesia. 609 34