Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixteen dogs were used to study the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture. Electroacupuncture lowered halothane MAC significantly (1.21 +/- 0.04 to 1.05 +/- 0.05 per cent, p less than 0.005). Reversibility of this effect by narcotic antagonist was then studied, using naltrexone 5 mg . kg-1 injected intravenously (10 dogs) or 0.5 mg . kg-1 intrathecally (3 dogs). We failed to see any reversal of the effect of electroacupuncture on MAC. Narcotic antagonist reversibility of acupuncture effect is taken currently to imply endorphin mediation. Possible explanation for our result include an electroacupuncture analgesia not mediated by endorphins.
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PMID:Failure of narcotic antagonist to alter electroacupuncture modification of halothane anaesthesia in the dog. 697 57

We compared the rates of elimination of sevoflurane and halothane in 29 children, aged between one and seven years, undergoing ambulatory anaesthesia. Analgesia was provided by fentanyl and muscle relaxation by atracurium. Anaesthesia was maintained by inhalation of one MAC of either sevoflurane or halothane, based on an equipotent concentration of each agent for the age of the child. Following simultaneous discontinuation of N2O and the inhalational agent, the equation describing N2O washout was identical in the presence of halothane and sevoflurane, showing that there was no effect of the volatile agent on the rate of N2O elimination. The elimination of sevoflurane and N2O give similar types of equations. Halothane elimination gives a logarithmic type of equation, showing a slower release, corresponding to residual tissue content.
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PMID:Sevoflurane elimination kinetics in children. 748 71

To clarify the effect of epidural lidocaine on arousal from inhaled anesthesia, we investigated the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration at awakening (MAC-Awake) of isoflurane and the duration between discontinuance of isoflurane inhalation and arousal from anesthesia in 60 female abdominal hysterectomy patients. All patients received epidural catheterization and were randomly assigned to one of five groups. The control group, A, was given normal saline intravenously (IV) and epidurally. Group B was given 1 mg/kg of 2% lidocaine IV as a bolus. Groups C and D were given 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, respectively, of 2% lidocaine IV for 5 min, followed by 30 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. Group E was given 3 mg/kg of 1.5% lidocaine epidurally as a bolus. These doses of lidocaine or control saline were administered 15 min before the end of the surgical procedure. MAC-Awake values in Groups A, B, C, D, and E were 0.30% +/- 0.05%, 0.28% +/- 0.04%, 0.29% +/- 0.04%, 0.31% +/- 0.04%, and 0.18% +/- 0.05% (mean +/- SD), respectively. MAC-Awake in Group E was lower than in the other groups (P < 0.001). The duration until arousal in Group E (21.0 +/- 2.0 min) was longer than in Groups A, B, C, and D (12.6 +/- 1.8 min, 12 +/- 2.3 min, 13.3 +/- 2.5 min, and 14.3 +/- 2.7 min, respectively) (P < 0.001). Plasma lidocaine levels in Groups B, C, D, and E were 0.95 +/- 0.17 microgram/mL, 1.07 +/- 0.16 microgram/mL, 2.09 +/- 0.31 micrograms/mL, and 1.02 +/- 0.16 micrograms/mL, respectively. We conclude that analgesia produced by epidural lidocaine delays arousal from isoflurane anesthesia. Furthermore, lidocaine plasma levels are shown to be too low to cause any sedative effect, thus suggesting that postoperative pain may cause significantly faster arousal from anesthesia.
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PMID:Epidural lidocaine delays arousal from isoflurane anesthesia. 763 81

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of xenon and nitrous oxide in equipotent doses of 0.3 MAC on pain threshold and auditory response time in six healthy male volunteers. Compared with 100% oxygen inhalation, xenon and nitrous oxide significantly increased the pain threshold as measured by a radiant heat algometer. There was no significant difference in analgesic effects between xenon and nitrous oxide. Xenon significantly prolonged the response time to auditory stimuli compared with 100% oxygen, but nitrous oxide did not. The inhibitory effect of xenon on the auditory response time was significantly greater than that of nitrous oxide. The same six volunteers were studied to test if naloxone antagonized analgesia induced by xenon or nitrous oxide. The analgesic effects of xenon and nitrous oxide did not differ with or without naloxone.
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PMID:Analgesic and hypnotic effects of subanaesthetic concentrations of xenon in human volunteers: comparison with nitrous oxide. 894 30

Nalbuphin is a new agonist-antagonist opioid, with a noteworthy ceiling-effect in terms of analgesia and respiratory depression, a proper cardiocirculatory innocuousness, so that it seems to be a safe analgesic in children. Our study reports 40 thoracic or abdominal surgical procedures, with nalbuphine 0.22 +/- 0.04 mg.kg-1 as sole analgesic. To ensure maintenance of anaesthesia, a volatile anaesthetic agent is inhaled at 1.1 +/- 0.4 MAC concentration, and vecuronium 0.08 +/- 0.05 mg.kg-1 is administered at induction. There was no evidence of haemodynamic changes, and no change in CO2 production. There was no analgesia related adverse effect, and awakening occurred promptly. This report suggests that nalbuphin is a suitable analgesic for paediatric surgery.
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PMID:[Peroperative evaluation of nalbuphine in pediatric thoracic and abdominal surgery]. 767 Oct 57

To determine the effects of the spread of sympathetic blockade administered prior to haemorrhage on haemodynamic and metabolic responses to haemorrhage, we compared these responses among dogs treated by segmental thoracic epidural analgesia, thoracolumbar epidural analgesia and general anaesthesia. Group 1 of six dogs received 0.2% halothane plus epidural analgesia ranging from C4 to T5, group 2 of seven 0.2% halothane plus epidural analgesia ranging from C5 to L7, and group 3 of eight 0.9% (1 MAC) halothane anaesthesia. A volume of 35 ml.kg-1 was bled over 30 min. The haemodynamic, metabolic and catecholamine variables were measured repeatedly at 30-min intervals for 2.5 h. The mean arterial pressure decreased significantly in all groups immediately after haemorrhage. It recovered to 80-90 mmHg at 2-2.5 h in groups 1 and 3 but remained at 20-30 mmHg in group 2. The cardiac output decreased significantly in all groups. The systemic vascular resistance increased significantly in group 1 but decreased significantly in group 2. In group 3 it decreased significantly but soon recovered. Arterial pH and base excess decreased significantly in all groups immediately after haemorrhage. After that, base excess recovered slowly in groups 1 and 3 but decreased further in group 2. The plasma epinephrine concentration increased immediately after haemorrhage and then decreased slowly in groups 1 and 3. In group 2 it remained unchanged at the lower level. The decreases in mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance and base excess were significantly larger in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:How are haemodynamic and metabolic responses to haemorrhage influenced by segmental thoracic and thoracolumbar epidural analgesia? An experimental study in dogs. 779 83

Intrathecal morphine (Mor) exerts potent analgesic effect and decreases anesthetic requirement. However, morphine was reported to have various uncomfortable side effects, and buprenorphine (BPN) is considered as an alternative opioid. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intrathecal BPN and Mor on the MAC of halothane and the relief of postoperative pain. The result shows that the MAC of halothane decreases dose dependently both in the BPN and Mor groups. The decrease in halothane MAC with 0.05 mg intrathecal BPN was equipotent with the intrathecal administration of 0.5 mg Mor. Adequate postoperative analgesia and severe pruritus were observed in the 0.5 mg Mor group. The intrathecal administration of 0.05 mg and 0.075 mg BPN has shown mild analgesic effect without any side effects.
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PMID:[Effect of intrathecal administration of opioid on minimum alveolar concentration and postoperative pain relief--a comparison of morphine and buprenorphine]. 793 85

The authors critically examine the preoperative management, the various anaesthetic techniques, the perioperative undesired effects in eighty six ASA I-II paediatric patients (age 6 months-11 years) submitted to ambulatorial anaesthesia for minor surgery or endoscopy. The importance of the psychological approach to patients and parents is enhanced. The preoperative screening included physical examination, ECG and simple laboratory tests. Various anaesthetic techniques (tracheal intubation and muscle relaxation with mechanical ventilation or spontaneous breathing) and many variously combined anaesthetic drugs (propofol 2 mg/kg, ketamine 1.5 mg/kg, diazepam 0.15 mg/kg, thiopental 3-4 mg/kg, halothane 1-2 MAC, fentanyl 1 microgram/kg) were employed depending on the quality of the surgical procedure and the conditions and the age of the patient. The results show that arousal was always rapid and smooth. The residual analgesia was sufficient in 74 cases; the other patients received rectal paracetamol 250 mg. No major complication was observed and only 6 patients were discharged 1 day later on account of vomiting or low Steward score. In conclusion outpatient paediatric anaesthesia has no contraindication for ASA I-II patients, shows no major complication and is well accepted by the patients and their patients.
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PMID:[Ambulatory pediatric anesthesia. Personal experience]. 830 47

Pipecuronium effective doses 50,90,95 (ED50, ED90, ED95) have been obtained with the cumulative dosage method studying the influences of two different anesthetic techniques (TIVA vs isoflurane), of the patients age, of two different monitoring techniques, force transduction vs accelerometry, both evaluated by T1/TC ratio, ratio between Ist muscular response following the muscle relaxant and the values obtained before its injection, and TOFR, ratio between 4th and Ist response of every train. 33 patients, 55 years average age, 66 kgs average weight, ASA 1&2, scheduled for elective operations were anesthetized with propofol-fentanyl-N2O; tracheas were intubate under topical analgesia; maintenance of anesthesia included propofol and fentanyl or isoflurane 1 MAC. Neuromuscular monitoring included the simultaneous measurement of force of thumb adduction (FT 10 Grass) and its acceleration (Tofguard); neuromuscular blockade was evaluated by T1/TC and TOFR. Pipecuronium was administered in small decreasing boluses until 95% of T1/TC depression. Under force monitoring, ED50, ED90, ED95 values were 19, 28, 33 micrograms/kg respectively with T1/TC, being slightly lower with TOF stimulation (15, 24, 26 micrograms/kg); ED's were not influenced by anesthesia and were inversely related to age. Under accelerometry, EDs were always lower (16,27 e 27 micrograms/kg) under T1/TC, while with tof their values were similar to those derived from force measurements. ED's values obtained with T1/TC, either with force than accelerometry, while accelerometry was more sensitive than force for all ED's. EDs values, both under T1/TC than TOF, either with force transduction than accelerometry, resulted highly correlated each other, indicating a substantial agreement between the two mechanical methods of monitoring. It is concluded that the new instrument Tofguard offers the same reliability than force transduction, with the advantages of being smaller, portable and able to calculate directly the depth of neuromuscular blockade.
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PMID:[A new instrument for neuromuscular transmission monitoring: the accelerometer Tofguard. Comparative study of isometric force transduction in the assessment of pipecuronium dose-response relationship]. 867 38

We studied the effect of epidural/general combination anesthesia, in comparison to inhaled anesthesia, on postoperative pain and analgesic consumption in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with enflurane in 70% N2O as necessary to maintain arterial blood pressure within 20% of baseline. Group I received bupivacaine 0.25% 0.2 mL/kg and sufentanil 1 microgram/kg 65 +/- 3 min before dermal incision and 0.1 mL/kg bupivacaine 0.25% + sufentanil 2 micrograms/mL (BS) every hour thereafter. Group II received 0.2 mL/kg of BS 316 +/- 15 min after dermal incision in the recovery room. Postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with BS was provided. Pain intensities and consumption of PCEA BS were recorded on postoperative days (PODs) 1 to 5. Inspiratory fraction of enflurane was lower (0.5% +/- 0.01% vs 1.6% +/- 0.04%; P < 0.001) in Group I compared with Group II. Cumulative postoperative consumption of PCEA BS was higher in Group I compared with Group II from the evening of POD 2 until the end of the study (301 +/- 19 mL vs 249 +/- 17 mL; P < 0.001), while pain intensities were comparable at all times. The intraoperative effects of combined BS and enflurane/N2O (inspiratory fraction [Fi] approximately 1 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration [MAC]) did not preempt postoperative pain in contrast to enflurane/N2O anesthesia (Fi approximately 2.8 MAC).
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PMID:Reduced postoperative analgesic demand after inhaled anesthesia in comparison to combined epidural-inhaled anesthesia in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. 905 9


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