Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nociception was tested in mice receiving oxotremorine or physostigmine either after the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker nifedipine or the non-calcium antagonist vasodilator hydralazine. Nifedipine did not change the reaction time to thermal stimulation (tail-flick test), but attenuated the prolonging action on tail-flick latencies exerted by the two cholinomimetic agents. Hydralazine had no effect alone nor modified the action of cholinomimetics. The results suggest that attenuation of cholinergic analgesia by nifedipine might be related to not yet defined neuronal changes produced by calcium channel blockade, but changes in the pharmacokinetics of oxotremorine and physostigmine cannot be ruled out.
 ...
PMID:Attenuation of cholinergic analgesia by nifedipine. 822 Nov 14

Using a novel ion-selective electrode for ionized Mg (IMg2+), we sought to: (1) determine levels and fractions of IMg2+ in umbilical vessels of normal pregnant women: (2) determine their relationships with ionized calcium (ICa2+) levels: (3) determine whether any demographic or clinical parameters affect these levels of divalent cations: and (4) compare levels of IMg2+, total Mg, percent IMg2+, and ICa2+ with sera of normal pregnant and nonpregnant women. We obtained umbilical arterial and venous serum from 38 normal subjects and venous samples from 26 normal pregnant women and 42 nonpregnant women. The mean umbilical venous IMg2+ level (0.51 +/- 0.01 mmol/liter) was significantly greater than the umbilical arterial level (0.48 +/- 0.01 mmol/liter, p < 0.05), and the latter was similar to maternal venous levels (0.48 +/- 0.01 mmol/liter). The maternal venous mean value is 20% less than that found (0.60 +/- 0.005 mmol/liter) in peripheral serum of nonpregnant women. The ionized fractions were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the umbilical veins than umbilical arteries, and the percent IMg2+ fractions were similar in umbilical arteries and maternal venous blood. IMg2+ levels were lower in multiparous patients and those who received epidural analgesia and higher in patients who had operative vaginal delivery and in Asians. Ionized fractions of Mg in umbilical veins were higher in large for gestational age infants. Our findings provide evidence of a Mg deficiency in pregnancy and suggest that measurement of IMg2+ may have clinical value for diagnosis and therapy of such deficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Ionized serum magnesium levels in umbilical cord blood of normal pregnant women at delivery: relationship to calcium, demographics, and birthweight. 824 Jun 2

Organic calcium (Ca++) channel antagonists enhance opiate-induced analgesia and antagonize respiratory depression produced by morphine in rodents. Our preliminary data indicated that verapamil reduces the subjective effects of morphine in humans. We therefore assessed morphine-verapamil interactions in 12 experienced, male polydrug users with histories of heroin abuse by using a double-blind, cross-over study design. Treatments consisted of two drug infusions. Either verapamil, 2.5 or 10 mg, or saline was infused, 30 ml i.v. over 2 min; half way through this infusion either 10 mg of morphine or saline was infused, 3 ml i.v. over 10 sec, via a second catheter. Autonomic parameters, responsiveness to pain and subjective self-reports of mood and feeling state were measured over 4 hr. Analgesia was measured using a finger pressure test and hand immersion in ice water. Respiration was measured by using respiratory inductive plethysmography and transcutaneous CO2 levels. The Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) was used to measure the subjective effects. Morphine had a liminal effect on pain threshold, but verapamil potentiated this effect to elevate pain threshold significantly. Verapamil did not affect the ability of morphine to increase pain endurance or to produce respiratory depression. Morphine produced positive affective responses, as demonstrated by elevated scores on the Morphine-Benzedrine Group subscale of the ARCI. Verapamil alone produced no effects on any ARCI subscales; however, 10 mg of verapamil significantly reduced morphine-elevated MBG scores over a 3-hr period. The results suggest the euphorigenic and analgesic effects of opioids may be differentiated by using Ca++ channel blockers.
 ...
PMID:Effects of verapamil on morphine-induced euphoria, analgesia and respiratory depression in humans. 826

The effect of chronic exposure to clonidine or morphine on clonidine- and morphine-induced analgesia in mice was examined. Binding of L- or N-type calcium channel antagonist to cortical membrane fractions was also compared between these groups of mice. A decrease in the analgesic effect of clonidine and morphine was observed following prolonged administration of clonidine or morphine. Binding of [3H]PN 200-110, an L-type calcium channel antagonist, decreased following prolonged administration of clonidine whereas it increased after morphine treatment. On the other hand, a significant increase of [125I]omega-conotoxin, an N-type calcium channel antagonist, binding was observed after chronic clonidine or morphine treatment. These results will be discussed in relation with the possible development of cross-tolerance between clonidine and morphine through the change in calcium channels, more specifically in N-type channels.
 ...
PMID:Effect of prolonged administration of clonidine on [3H]PN 200-110 and [125I]omega-conotoxin binding in mouse brain. 830 31

Following a single dose of nicotine, (NIC, 1 mg/kg s.c.), 60% of tested rats revealed significant antinociception as measured by the tail-flick (TF) test, and were classified as responders, with those in which TF latencies did not change, nonresponders. The following experiments were carried out one week later. In nonresponders, pretreatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 250 microM/kg s.c. four times every 15 min) followed by 1 mg NIC, produced significant analgesia in 50% of rats, to the same magnitude as did nicotine alone (1 mg) in responders. The other 50% of rats which failed to respond to EDTA pretreatment, all revealed similar analgesia following the higher dose of NIC (1.5 mg/kg s.c.), with similar side effects, as generally observed in responders. In responders, pretreatment with CaCl2 (1.5 mM/kg s.c.) completely abolished NIC (1 mg/kg s.c.)--induced analgesia in all rats. Our data provide stronger evidence and a further verification that EDTA potentiates, whereas CaCl2 completely abolishes, nicotine-induced analgesia in rats; supporting our hypothesis of the involvement of calcium ions in this effect.
 ...
PMID:Nicotine-induced analgesia in rats: the role of calcium and the diversity of responders and nonresponders. 836 23

General anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) imposes the need for various monitorings of cerebral function during occlusion of the carotid artery. However, there is no ideal method for detecting all the signs of cerebrovascular insufficiency under general anesthesia. We suggest that the patient's neurological state is the best monitor of cerebral function. Therefore, our patients underwent cervical epidural anesthesia (EDA) enabling them to remain conscious while experiencing analgesia of the operated areas throughout the course of the operation. Five patients with cervical internal carotid artery stenosis were operated on under EDA with lidocaine. In all patients, EDA was effective in maintaining an analgesic state in the areas being operated on. It was able to do this either alone, or in combination with a light sedation. Under EDA, although there was no complete suppression of the patient's respiration, blood pressure was elevated beyond 200mmHg in three patients and depressed to 70mmHg in one patient transiently during the operation. But control of abnormal blood pressure was achieved easily by injections of calcium antagonist or ephedrine. When consciousness of two patients deteriorated during the clamping of the internal carotid artery, it completely recovered to its preoperative level after the insertion of an internal shunt. The patient's level of neurological condition became a good guide for predicting the need for an internal shunt during the periods of occlusion of the internal carotid artery. In conclusion, we suggest that EDA which is a safe and useful anesthesia should be employed in many patients who undergo CEA.
 ...
PMID:[Carotid endarterectomy under cervical epidural anesthesia]. 837 94

Nineteen consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis were sequentially allocated to treatment with high-dose octreotide (N = 9) or to act as controls (N = 10). All other aspects of treatment were similar and were according to a strict treatment protocol. There was no significant difference between the two groups on admission with regard to recognized criteria of poor prognosis. The octreotide-treated group required significantly less analgesia and after 48 hr developed significantly fewer poor prognostic indicators, including falls in hematocrit of > 10%, in serum albumin to < 32 g/liter, and in serum calcium to < 2.00 mmol/liter. Falls in arterial PO2 to < 10 kPa, in serum albumin of > 20%, and in hemoglobin of > 2 g/dl were also significantly less frequent. There was a trend towards improvement in the octreotide-treated group in every other physiological and radiological indicator of disease severity. High-dose octreotide may reduce the severity of acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Controlled trial of high-dose octreotide in treatment of acute pancreatitis. Evidence of improvement in disease severity. 846 63

1. The antinociceptive action of calcium channel blockers administered intracerebroventricularly to mice using the acetic acid writhing test was studied. 2. The drugs produced dose-dependent inhibition of the number of writhes induced by the intraperitoneal administration of 10 ml/kg of 0.6% acetic acid. 3. The CaCBs may be ranked from most to least potent as follows: verapamil > nimodipine > diltiazem > flunarizine > nifedipine > cinnarizine. 4. Since naloxone pretreatment was not able to inhibit the antinociception produced by CaCBs an opioid mechanism of action is excluded. 5. It is suggested that CaCBs can induce analgesia through a decrease in cellular Ca2+ availability, increasing the nociceptive threshold.
 ...
PMID:Analgesic effects of intracerebroventricular administration of calcium channel blockers in mice. 848 97

Evidence exists that calcium antagonists can have effects on neural function. The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of two dihydropyridines, nifedipine and nimodipine, administered for 11 days on the behavior and pain sensitivity of rats. Nociception was tested using the tail electric stimulation test, and behavior parameters using a holeboard. Our results show that chronic administration of nifedipine or nimodipine induces analgesia that can be evaluated by tail withdrawal. However, neither the vocalization nor the vocalization after discharge were modified, so the analgesia may be mediated by spinal mechanisms. Rats treated with nifedipine or nimodipine exhibited a dose-dependent tendency to avoid the center of the field without modification of other parameters, suggesting an increased emotivity in the rats. This conclusion is supported by the fact that anxiogenic or anxiolytic drugs modify the pattern of locomotion without significant changes in other parameters related with the motility. The results from this study suggest the view of a complex mechanism of action underlying nifedipine- and nimodipine-mediated behavioral effects.
 ...
PMID:Behavioral and analgesic effects induced by administration of nifedipine and nimodipine. 887 43

Circadian variations in the interaction between calcium channel blockers and morphine-induced analgesia were determined by the mouse hot-plate test. Calcium channel blockers diltiazem, verapamil, or nicardipine alone did not display any significant analgesic effect, but all of them potentiated morphine-induced analgesia when injected 30 min prior to morphine at most of the injection times. In terms of percent absolute potentiation, they produced more potentiation during the light period than darkness. Their potentiating effects decreased abruptly during darkness, and around the midtime of the dark period no significant potentiation of morphine-induced analgesia was observed. It is concluded that these fluctuations in the magnitude of interaction between calcium channel blockers and morphine must be taken into consideration particularly in studies dealing with the role of calcium in analgesia.
 ...
PMID:Temporal variation in the interaction between calcium channel blockers and morphine-induced analgesia. 887 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>