Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One investigator at each of 4 institutions followed the requirements of a core protocol designed to evaluate propoxyphene napsylate (50, 100 and 150 mg), fenoprofen calcium (200, 400 and 600 mg) and their combination (50/200, 100/400 and 150/600 mg) in patients reporting postpartum pain. Placebo and aspirin (650 mg) were included as control medications. Analyses were based on subgrouping which isolated individually the interactions between medications and the following factors: dose-observation criteria, the investigator-observer-institution differences, the intensity of pain at the time the medication was given, and postepisiotomy-wound compared to uterine-cramp pain. Each of these factors influenced the absolute scores for analgesia significantly, but had no significant influence on the relative rankings of the medications. The analgesia scores for individual patients in each subgroup were transformed to ridits and then pooled. A linear increase in effectiveness occurred in response to increasing doses of propoxyphene, fenoprofen, and their combination in this dose range. The dose responses were essentially parallel. The combination was more effective than either drug alone.
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PMID:A multicenter study for analgesia involving fenoprofen, propoxyphene [alone or in combination] with placebo and aspirin controls in postpartum pain. 29 Jul 26

Intracerebral administration of copper sulfate potentiated morphine analgesia in morphine-tolerant and -dependent mice, but copper failed to affect other abstinence signs. When abstinence was precipitated with a partial antagonist, nalorphine, stereotyped jumping was not inhibited by either calcium or copper. These modifications of narcotic effects by copper were produced without alterations in the brain disposition of morphine. Total radioactivity in the brain following radioactive naloxone administration was also not altered.
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PMID:The effects of divalent ions on morphine analgesia and abstinence syndrome in morphine-tolerant and -dependent mice. 41 58

Groups of 30 postepisiotomy patients were administered single oral doses of fenoprofen calcium (0, 200, 400, or 600 mg acid equivalent) and/or propoxyphene napsylate (0, 50, 100, or 150 mg). The complete block design permits analysis of variance with determination of orthogonal medication contrasts. Evaluation of the analgesia scores indicates that both drugs were effective. In comparison with the appropriate placebo control, propoxyphene is associated with an increase in elicited adverse reports and fenoprofen is associated with a decrease in adverse reports. The two drugs are additive when given together.
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PMID:Evaluating interactions between fenoprofen and propoxyphene: analgesia and adverse reports by postepisiotomy patients. 78 14

Two postoperative cardiopulmonary bypass patients who had pancreatitis within a two week period provided the impetus for pursuing this study. Amylase-creatinine clearance ratios (ACCR) were measured in a series of ten thoracic surgery patients: six coronary artery bypass patients with cardiopulmonary bypass (cardiac group), and four exploratory thoracotomy patients (pulmonary group). These ratios were obtained in the preoperative, recovery room, and postoperative periods. Comparisons were made among the following data: clinical history, pre- and postoperative medications, intraoperative vital signs, drugs, and anesthetics. The preoperative mean ACCR was 3.34 per cent. All cardiac patients had a significantly elevated ACCR in the recovery room with a mean of 17.36 per cent (p less than 0.05). The ACCR had returned to preoperative levels by the second postoperative day in five of six cases. There were no elevated ACCR levels in the pulmonary group. All patients were asymptomatic for pancreatitis. The intraoperative course of the cardiac patients involved four common factors, besides cardiopulmonary bypass, which were not present in the pulmonary group. These similarities included transfusion of citrated fresh whole blood activated by calcium chloride, hypotension treated with ephedrine, administration of mannitol, and intraoperative morphine analgesia. The mechanisms of increased amylase secretion by calcium chloride or ephedrine administration and transient sphincter of Oddi constriction by morphine or the alpha-adrenergic response of ephedrine are considered with the theoretical implications toward pancreatitis. The background and significance of the ACCR are also analyzed, especially in association with the osmotic diuresis of mannitol and a subsequent low urine creatinine level.
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PMID:Eelvated postoperative renal clearance of amylase without pancreatitis after cardiopulmonary bypass. 84 59

The minimum region in salmon calcitonin (sCT) which induces antigenicity and gastrointestinal disturbances has been identified by examining the cross-reactivity of several sCT fragments and CT analogs with antisera from sCT-treated patients, and by examining inhibition of gastrointestinal motility of these sCT fragments and CT analogs in conscious dogs. Sixteen residues at the N-terminus of sCT comprised the minimum fragment capable of inducing both activities. Human CT (hCT) showed no antigenicity and a four-order weaker inhibition of gastrointestinal motility than sCT. Based on these data, we synthesized the human and salmon chimeric CT, ACT-15, in which the 16 N-terminal residues were those of hCT and the 16 C-terminal residues were those of sCT. ACT-15 had no cross-reactivity with the antisera and had almost the same weak gastrointestinal inhibition effect as hCT in dog and rat models. Nevertheless, it retained a hypocalcemic activity and an analgesic activity comparable to sCT. These results suggest that the amino acid residues in the N-terminal half of CT are responsible for the formation of antibodies and the induction of gastrointestinal disturbances, but may not influence calcium metabolism or analgesia. Clinical studies of ACT-15 will be needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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PMID:A chimeric analog of human and salmon calcitonin eliminates antigenicity and reduces gastrointestinal disturbances. 128 Feb 7

.1 mol/L CaCl2 0.5 microliters, 0.06 mol/L ACh 0.5 microliters, 5.4 x 10(-3) mol/L gallamine triethiodide (cholinergic nicotinic receptor blocker) 0.5 microliter and 14.4 x 10(-3) mol/L atropine (cholinergic muscarinic receptor blocker) 0.5 microliter were injected through bilateral intracranial cannulae in rat habenula. Pain threshold was measured by the latency of tail-flick reflex elicited by radiant heat exposure before and after intracerebral injection. CaCl2 significantly reduced the basic pain threshold and weakened the effect of the acupuncture analgesia. ACh apparently antagonized the effect of acupuncture analgesia. Gallamine triethiodide could recover the pain threshold almost to the raised level by acupuncture, but atropine only strengthened the effect on pain threshold weakly and briefly. The results suggest that the antagonistic effect of Ca2+ may be mediated via ACh in habenula.
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PMID:[Antagonistic effect of electro-acupuncture analgesia with Ca2+ injection into habenula could be reversed by gallamine triethiodide]. 129 45

The effect of epinephrine (EPI) on the activity of 150 periaqueductal gray (PAG) neurons was examined using extracellular recordings in an in vitro slice preparation. Drop application of EPI inhibited 45%, excited 35%, and had no effect on 20% of PAG neurons. Both the excitatory and inhibitory effects of EPI were of long duration; excitatory responses averaged 17 min and inhibitory responses averaged 11 min in duration. EPI responses could be blocked by specific alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptor antagonists. In 35% of the neurons tested, blockade of synaptic transmission by perfusion with low calcium-high magnesium physiological saline blocked responses to EPI. The effects of EPI were site specific: 77% of the cells in the caudal ventrolateral region of the PAG were inhibited by EPI; in all other regions of PAG equal numbers of cells were excited and inhibited by EPI. It is concluded that: (a) EPI has potent effects on a majority (80%) of PAG neurons; (b) EPI responses are mediated by presynaptic as well as postsynaptic mechanisms; (c) EPI preferentially inhibits neurons in the ventrolateral subdivision of caudal PAG. As this part of PAG contains many neurons that project to the ventral medulla, it is possible that EPI modulates the PAG-medullary functions such as analgesia, autonomic regulation, defense reactions, and sexual behaviors.
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PMID:Actions of epinephrine on neurons in the rat midbrain periaqueductal gray maintained in vitro. 133 50

The effect of isradipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, on morphine-induced place preference and analgesia in rats and mice was studied. Isradipine (0.6-5.0 mg/kg s.c.) inhibited an acquisition of morphine-induced place preference in rats and mice in a dose-related manner. Isradipine did not affect or strengthen morphine-induced analgesia as measured by tail-clip and hot-plate tests in mice and tail-clip and tail-flick tests in rats. The results suggest that analgesic and reinforcing effects of morphine might be pharmacologically separated by isradipine.
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PMID:Isradipine is able to separate morphine-induced analgesia and place conditioning. 145 Sep 30

Angiotensin II (AII), injected intracerebroventricularly, has been shown to antagonize opioid analgesia. The mechanism for this was obscure. In the neuroblastoma X glioma NG 108-15 hybrid cell line, the K(+)-induced increase in [Ca2+]i can be suppressed by the delta opioid agonist [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) at 0.01-1 microM, an effect completely reversed by the opioid antagonist naloxone. Angiotensin II (AII) at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 microM mobilized free Ca2+ from an intracellular pool, and this effect was antagonized by the AII receptor antagonist saralasin. All (1 microM) had no significant effect on the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by K+, but it blocked the suppressive effect of DPDPE on the K(+)-induced [Ca2+]i increase. The results indicate that mobilization of intracellular calcium may underlie the anti-opioid effect of AII.
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PMID:Mobilization of calcium from intracellular store as a possible mechanism underlying the anti-opioid effect of angiotensin II. 150 24

Fifty patients underwent various surgical procedures including abdominal, orthopedic, plastic and gynecological operations under total intravenous anesthesia with ketamine, pentazocine and droperidol. Neither nitrous oxide, inhaled anesthetics nor narcotics such as fentanyl were administered to the patients. Intraoperative muscle relaxation was achieved with vecuronium and the patients were ventilated manually throughout the surgical procedures. Thirty percent of the patients developed hypertension and tachycardia, but they were easily overcome with administration of calcium ion channel blocker. Their peripheral circulation as well as urine output was well maintained. No adverse effects on the liver and kidney were observed post-operatively. Their post-operative sedation and analgesia were evaluated excellent. A few patients had strange dream as if they might have missed their way into the "pink" tunnel. The data above described suggest that this anesthetic method would deserve further detailed clinical study.
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PMID:[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, pentazocine and ketamine]. 161 58


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