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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 14 patients anaesthetized before undergoing an orthopedic surgical intervention, the variations induced by anaesthesia in the 17 hydroxycorticosterone rate, catecholamine, somatotropic hormone (STH), insulin, glycemia, free fatty acids and thyrotropin (TSH), all these variations were studied before the surgery. The patients were divided into 2 groups of 7, the first one being anaesthestized by chlorprothixene dextromoramide Neurolept-Analgesia and the second one by Alfadione Fentanyl venous anaesthesia.
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PMID:[Comparison of the endocrine response under 2 kinds of anesthesia: neuroleptanalgesia of the chlorprothixene-dextromoramide type and venous anesthesia of the type alfadione-fentanyl]. 0 35

Pain threshold elevations induced in rats following acute exposure to stressful cold-water swims and to inescapable foot shocks are significantly attenuated by hypophysectomy. The present study investigated the effects of hypophysectomy upon the dose-dependent and time-dependent analgesia induced by morphine and by the glucoprivic agents, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and insulin. Two reflex pain tests, the tail-pinch and the flinch-jump were employed. In normal rats, insulin induced prolonged (180 min) analgesia at doses of 16 U/kg on the tail-pinch test and 256 U/kg on the flinch-jump test. However, the same agents induced small and brief pain threshold elevations in hypophysectomized animals. By contrast, though 2-DG increased both measures in both groups, its effects were more marked in hypophysectomized rats. Hypophysectomized rats also exhibited a potentiated analgesic effect on both tests following high doses of morphine. On the other hand, low doses of morphine transiently increased tail-pinch thresholds in normal, but not hypophysectomized subjects. These data provide further evidence of multiple pain-inhibitory mechanisms in which the pituitary plays a complex, but integral part.
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PMID:Differential effects of hypophysectomy upon analgesia induced by two glucoprivic stressors and morphine. 50 10

Plasma immuno-reactive growth-hormone (RIA-GH) concentrations were investigated under in vivo continuous blood glucose (BG) monitoring after administration of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as well as during spontaneous or insulin-induced hypoglycemia. During the narco-analgesia by GHB a marked secretory episode is consistently observed. This secretion peak is not accurately time related with GHB administration and seems to fade off in aging animals. Strictly controlled hypoglycemia elicits a consistent and specific GH release. In contrast deep hypoglycemic levels resulting in a state of metabolic stress inhibit GH secretion. Our results suggest that previous data on the GH regulation pattern during hypoglycemia may depend upon the anesthetic used and/or nonspecific stress responses following deep hypoglycemia. The above mentioned experimental conditions indicate that GH metabolic regulation is not fundamentally different in rodents and primates.
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PMID:Growth hormone response to hypoglycemia under gamma-hydroxybutyrate narco-analgesia in the rat. 68 66

The maternal plasma HGH, insulin, glucose and FFA levels were determined during the course of induced labours in 28 healthy mothers. Every second patient was given segmental epidural analgesia for pain relief during the first stage of labour (epidural) group). The others acted as a control group. HGH did not change significantly during the labour in either group. Insulin decreased during the first stage of labour in both groups. This decrease was more pronounced and statistically almost significant in the control group. Thereafter the insulin increased in both groups. Glucose levels did not change during the first stage, but at the moment of delivery they were significantly higher than the initial levels in both groups. FFA levels became raised in both groups during labour, reaching a peak at the moment of delivery. The results are discussed in relation to stress and effectiveness of pain relief during the first stage of labour.
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PMID:The effect of segmental epidural analgesia on maternal growth hormone, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids during labour. 102 Sep 5

Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin were measured repeatedly in ten females undergoing abdominal hysterectomy during general anaesthesia. In addition to general anaesthesia five of the patients had continuous epidural analgesia effective for the first 26 postoperative hours. Plasma glucose was elevated during surgery and postoperatively, but not in patients having epidural analgesia. Insulin was low and unchanged in both groups. Glucagon was unchanged and similar in both groups. Cortisol was lower during surgery in the epidural group, but not postoperatively. Growth hormone increased during surgery in four of five patients receiving general anaesthesia alone, but no changes were observed in the epidural group. Prolactin was greatly elevated in all patients immediately after induction of anaesthesia and then fell rapidly during surgery, similarly in both groups. It is concluded that epidural analgesia can inhibit the hyperglycaemic response to surgical stress, but this effect cannot be uniformly correlated to changes in peripheral plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone or prolactin.
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PMID:Effect of epidural analgesia on the glycoregulatory endocrine response to surgery. 126 58

The analgesic response to 10 mg/kg of morphine hydrochloride, administered intraperitoneally, was examined in mice made diabetic by treatment with alloxan using the hot plate method. The hot plate base line latency of diabetic mice was significantly higher than that of normal mice. Morphine was found to possess an hyperglycaemic effect in both normal and diabetic mice. A decreased analgesic response to morphine was observed in diabetic mice. The decreased response seemed to be associated with plasma glucose levels, since multiple injections of insulin replacement abolished the decrease in morphine analgesia in diabetic mice. However, a single injection of insulin or glucose loading did not modify morphine analgesia. Naloxone was an effective antagonist of the analgesic and hyperglycaemic effects of morphine in both normal and diabetic mice, but induced a greater reduction of the plasma glucose level in diabetic than in normal mice. It is suggested that a supranormal dose of morphine may be needed in diabetics.
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PMID:Morphine analgesia in normal and alloxanized mice. 136 Nov 22

The plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol were measured in 18 women before, during and after abdominal hysterectomy. Nine patients received continuous epidural analgesia with intermittent injections of 10 ml of mepivacaine solution (intermittent group), and 9 others received epidural analgesia with continuous infusion of 10 ml.h-1 of 2% mepivacaine (continuous group). Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations remained unchanged during and after surgery in the two groups. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations increased after surgery, and cortisol concentration increased during and after surgery in the two groups. Plasma concentration of glucose during surgery was significantly lower in the continuous group than in the intermittent group. The methods of epidural administration of local anesthetics exert little influence on endocrine-metabolic responses to stress associated with lower abdominal surgery.
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PMID:[Effects of continuous epidural infusion of local anesthetics on endocrine-metabolic responses to hysterectomy]. 156 May 79

The aim of the regional administration of opioids is to provide an efficient and prolonged analgesia. Then, opiates can be useful for postoperative analgesia and for the treatment of chronic pain of malignant origin. Analgesia is correlated with several adverse effects of which the most frequent are nausea and itching and the most severe is respiratory depression. Beside the adverse effects, other properties of opiates could be responsible of favourable effects which can be taken in advantage in specific indications. In the postoperative period, epidurally administered opioid can attenuate the neuroendocrine and metabolic responses to surgery and pain. This effect is responsible of a reduction of the resistance to insulin and of a better nutritional balance, especially after major abdominal surgical procedures. Opioids also act by a reduction of the motor functions of the bowel, which perhaps could reduce the incidence of anastomotic breakdowns. Finally, other effects have been reported, as anecdotes, such as the treatment of spasm after bilateral replantation of the ureters, neurologic bladder dysfunctions and enuresis. Spinal administration of opioids has also been used as a treatment of premature ejaculation.
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PMID:[Non-analgesic effects of opioids]. 167 72

A case is presented of a morbidly obese parturient who had multiple medical problems. She had angina and was receiving nitrate therapy, had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, asthma and benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumour cerebri). Lumbar epidural analgesia was chosen for labour and delivery and resulted in an uneventful outcome.
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PMID:Anaesthetic management of a complex morbidly obese parturient. 174 26

Plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin, cortisol and growth hormone were measured in 28 healthy children, three to six years of age, before, during, and after lower abdominal surgery. The children received premedication with secobarbital, 6 mg.kg-1, pentazocine, 0.5 mg.kg-1, and atropine, 0.01 mg.kg-1 im. Fourteen children received general anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and halothane, and 14 others received caudal analgesia with 1.5% mepivacaine. Plasma glucose, epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations remained unchanged in the general anaesthesia group, but decreased during and after surgery in the caudal analgesia group (P less than 0.05). During surgery, these concentrations were different between the two groups (P less than 0.05). Plasma insulin and cortisol concentrations increased after surgery (P less than 0.05), and growth hormone concentration increased during and after surgery in the general anaesthesia group (P less than 0.05), but the concentrations of these hormones remained unchanged during and after surgery in the caudal analgesia group. Plasma lactate concentrations were unchanged in both groups. These results indicate that caudal analgesia suppresses the metabolic and endocrine responses to stress associated with lower abdominal surgery in children.
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PMID:Metabolic and endocrine responses to surgery during caudal analgesia in children. 175 18


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