Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood urea content and the serum concentrations of sodium, creatinine, uric acid, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (g.o.t.), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (g.p.t.) and bilirubin were measured before delivery, on the 2nd and 3rd days and on the 5th day after delivery. In two groups of mothers, one receiving nitrous oxide analgesia and the other a combination of nitrous oxide and methoxyflurane, blood urea and serum sodium and g.o.t. were increased following labour and nitrous oxide analgesia; s.g.p.t. was increased only in the late post-partum period. Serum sodium, creatinine, uric acid, urea, g.o.t. and g.p.t. increased following exposure to methoxyflurance. The increase in serum sodium, uric acid and urea was dose-dependent. Capillary concentrations of uric acid in the neonates showed dose-dependent changes in response to methoxyflurane.
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PMID:Influence of methoxyflurane-nitrous oxide analgesia during childbirth on renal and hepatic function. 58 3

With improving standards of antenatal care, severe pre-eclampsia dn eclampsia are becoming less common and experience in the management of these conditions is lessening. Co-ordinated plans for the care of patients should be established by obstetricians and anaesthetists working as a team. A suitable regime for drug therapy in severe pre-eclampsia or eclampsia is the following: Initial management Diazepam 10 mg slowly i.v. Pethidine 100-150 mg i.m. or i.v. in incremental dosage, or extradural blocks, if analgesia is also required. Hydrallazine 20 mg i.v. initially, followed by 5 mg at intervals of 20 min until the diastolic pressure is less than 110 mm Hg. Then, preferably by syringe pump in a concentration of 2 mg/ml, at a rate of 2-20 mg/h. If vomiting occurs this can be controlled by administration of atropine. Subsequent management Sedation and anticonvulsant therapy. Continue diazepam and, in severe cases, institute chlormethiazole infusion. Continue analgesia with pethidine or extradural block. Control of hypertension by adjusting the dose of hydrallazine. If tachycardia exceeds 120 beat/min give propanolol 2-4 mg i.v. Plasma protein depletion with groww oedema is treated by administration of salt-free albumin or plasma protein fraction. Diuretic therapy is indicated if there is gross oedema or signs suggestive of acute renal failure. Oliguria associated with increased blood urea may be a result of renal failure or dehydration. The latter should be evident from the patient's condition and central venous pressure, but i.v. fluids and frusemide 20-40 mg can be used as a therapeutic test. Mannitol reduces cerebral oedema and may be given if diuresis has been first produced with frusemide. Potassium chloride is given if the plasma potassium decreases to less than 3 mmol/litre. Heparin therapy is considered if there is clinical evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:The management of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. 83 44

Telazol was evaluated as an anesthetic for rabbits. Two groups of five rabbits each were injected intramuscularly with 32 or 64 mg/kg of Telazol, and the depth and duration of anesthesia period monitored. At both doses, the righting reflex was lost within 2 minutes postinjection. Animals in both groups responded to noxious stimuli for the duration of the anesthesia. Hematology and urinalyses were performed daily for 7 days postinjection. Hematologic parameters remained unchanged in both groups. In the high-dose group, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels increased 1 day postinjection and continued steadily throughout the week. Elevations in urine protein and the presence of casts correlated with this increase. In the low-dose group, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels increased and protein was present in the urine of four of five rabbits beginning approximately 5 days postinjection. Histologically, severe renal tubular necrosis was evident 7 days postinjection in all high-dose rabbits and in three rabbits in the low-dose group. Our results indicate that Telazol does not produce analgesia in rabbits and is nephrotoxic at both 32 and 64 mg/kg. We conclude that Telazol is contraindicated for use in rabbits.
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PMID:Anesthetic and nephrotoxic effects of Telazol in New Zealand white rabbits. 166 43

A combination of the antigestagen mifepristone (RU 486) and a synthetic prostaglandin analogue, gemeprost, was used to induce therapeutic abortion in 100 women in early pregnancy. Local family planning services and general practitioners in Edinburgh referred women of less than 56 days' amenorrhea who had requested abortion. Pregnancy was confirmed by measurement of the serum level of human chorionic gonadotropin. Group I (n=20) received 150 mg mifepristone orally each day for 4 days. Groups II (n=30), III (n=30), and IV (n=20) received a single oral dose of mifepristone, 400 mg, 500 mg, or 600 mg, respectively. Samples of peripheral blood were collected at recruitment for measurement of the concentration of hemoglobin, urea, electrolytes, cortisol, and HCG and for liver function tests. Blood also was taken for estradiol and progesterone essay from women in Groups II, III, and IV. Each woman recorded symptoms in a diary from the day prior to the start of treatment. Study participants were reviewed 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment and discharged from followup after the onset of the next menstrual period. The effectiveness of the 4 treatment regimens was similar. Only 10 (14%) of the 74 women who received half a gemeprost pessary required the 2nd half. 95 of the women aborted completely; 5 women needed surgical intervention. Data were pooled for analysis because there was no significant difference between the 4 groups in the onset of bleeding and pain, requirement for analgesia, side effects, duration of bleeding, measured blood loss, and the time until the next menstrual period. The 94 women who experienced pain became aware of pelvic discomfort 46.6 hours after the initiation of treatment. No patient needed analgesia during the first 48 hours of treatment. After insertion of the pessary, 44 women received an oral analgesic drug and 9 an intramuscular opioid. 47 women did not need an analgesia. There was no significant difference in the frequency of nausea before and during treatment, but there was a significant increase in the incidence of vomiting and of diarrhea. 30 women vomited after the pessary was inserted compared with 13 the day before treatment; 10 women had diarrhea compared with 3 before treatment. No women had clinical evidence of pelvic infection. Liver function tests and cortisol levels were similar prior to and following treatment. Levels of HCG, and estradiol and progesterone decreased significantly after treatment. There were no significant differences in the results between those who needed evacuation and those who did not.
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PMID:Induction of therapeutic abortion in early pregnancy with mifepristone in combination with prostaglandin pessary. 289 91

In a study of the effects of methoxyflurane on renal function, the urinary and blood urea concentrations, the urinary and plasma osmolalities, and the packed cell volume were studied in each of 50 mothers before and after delivery. Methoxyflurane 0.35% was used as an analgesic in 25 patients and the other 25 had 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen (Entonox). There was no evidence of renal dysfunction in either group, nor were there any significant differences between the groups. In a further 200 mothers, of whom 100 had methoxyflurane and 100 had nitrous oxide analgesia, the urinary and blood urea concentrations were measured on the morning of discharge from hospital. There were no significant differences between the groups. These results suggest that methoxyflurane is not nephrotoxic when used as a self-administered analgesic.
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PMID:Kidney function after methoxyflurane analgesia during labour. 500 74

Acid extracts of porcine pancreas acetone powders (but not of other tissues) have been shown to contain material which will react firstly in a radioimmunoassay for beta-endorphin, and secondly, compete with 3H-Naloxone and 3H-enkephalinamide in the radio-receptor assay. This material had a molecular weight of approximately 7,000 as judged by both P-10 and G-50 exclusion chromatography, even in the presence of 4 M urea. The G-50 partially purified and desalted fraction demonstrated a dose-dependent analgesia in mice and also influenced mouse behavior in vivo in a manner analogous to that produced by synthetic human beta-endorphin.
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PMID:Pancreatic beta-endorphin-like polypeptides. 627 41

During five alternating three-week periods either methoxyflurane-nitrous oxide or nitrous oxide alone was used for obstetrical analgesia. Delivery ward personnel were followed by venous blood samples once a week. Analyses of blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, SGOT and SGPT showed significantly elevated levels three days after exposure to methoxyflurane. This study demonstrates the importance of the scavenging of anesthetic gases to reduce the exposure of personnel to inhalational agents used in delivery suites. Since definite alterations in the indices of both hepatic and renal functions were recognized in obstetrical personnel following exposure, a re-evaluation of the use of methoxyflurane for obstetrical analgesia is suggested.
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PMID:Hepatic and renal effects of low concentrations of methoxyflurane in exposed delivery ward personnel. 721 59

The active morphine metabolite, morphine-6-glucuronide (M-6-G), may contribute to both the analgesia and the adverse effects observed during morphine (MOR) therapy. To evaluate the relationship between M-6-G and adverse effects, we measured steady-state plasma concentrations of MOR and M-6-G and concurrently noted the presence or absence of moderate to severe cognitive impairment or myoclonus in 109 cancer patients who were receiving either oral (n = 71) or parenteral (n = 38) morphine. MOR and M-6-G plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. The presence of cognitive impairment or myoclonus was analyzed in relation to molar M-6-G/MOR ratio, age, morphine dose, the use of other centrally acting drugs, renal function (blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine), hepatic function (serum bilirubin, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), and alkaline phosphotase) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The patient population consisted of 60 women and 49 men. The mean age was 51.5 years (range: 10-85 years). The mean morphine dose (total dose-prior 48 h) was 486 mg (range: 40-4800 mg) for the oral group and 931 mg (range: (10-9062 mg) for the parenteral group. The mean molar M-6-G/MOR ratios were 6.1 (SD: 18.2; range: 0.01-153.3) for the oral treatment group and 2.7 (SD: 4.16; range: 0.05-23.8) for the parenteral treatment group. Overall, the M-6-G/MOR ratio demonstrated a moderate but significant correlation with BUN (r = 0.4; P < 0.001) and creatinine (r = 0.45; P < 0.001) levels, but not with the other clinical variables examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Morphine-6-glucuronide concentrations and opioid-related side effects: a survey in cancer patients. 764 48

The aim of this study was to titrate the optimal dose of carprofen for single dose usage, for alleviating postoperative pain, under a double-blind and randomised protocol, using both negative and positive controls. Renal tolerance was assessed by screening plasma urea and creatinine. Pre- and postoperative assessment of pain and sedation was made using a dynamic and interactive visual analogue scoring system in 60 cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. The cats were randomly assigned to one of six groups: (1) carprofen at 1.0 mg/kg subcutaneously (sc); (2) carprofen at 2.0 mg/kg sc; (3) carprofen at 4.0 mg/kg sc; (4) pethidine at 5.0 mg/kg intramuscularly (im), (5) pethidine at 10.0 mg/kg im: and (6) no analgesics (injection of saline). All injections were given postoperatively on tracheal extubation and administered in a double-blind manner. Assessments were made up to 20 hours post extubation. Prior to induction and at 20 hours post extubation, blood samples were taken for laboratory analysis of the urea and creatinine content to check for any adverse effect on renal function. Cats given pethidine did not appear more sedated than the groups receiving carprofen or saline. Cats receiving carprofen were in less pain postoperatively overall, with 4.0 mg/kg being the most effective dose rate (significantly better than the other doses of carprofen at four and eight hours post extubation). The highest dose of pethidine provided significantly better analgesia than the highest dose of carprofen up to two hours post extubation, but from two to 20 hours post extubation carprofen at 4.0 mg/kg provided significantly better analgesia than the pethidine. None of the analgesic regimens appeared to affect renal function adversely, as measured by urea and creatinine levels.
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PMID:Carprofen as an analgesic for postoperative pain in cats: dose titration and assessment of efficacy in comparison to pethidine hydrochloride. 892 22

To evaluate the effects of exploratory laparotomy on cellular and biochemical parameters of blood and peritoneal fluid, an experiment was conducted using 10 Iranian cross-bred male goats. Approximately 10 ml of blood and 1-1.5 ml of peritoneal fluid were collected from all animals prior to operation for estimation of control values. Exploratory laparotomy was performed under local analgesia. Blood and peritoneal fluid samples were collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after exploratory laparotomy. The results revealed that after exploratory laparotomy, the number of white blood cells and the percentage and absolute number of neutrophils and band neutrophils significantly increased (P < 0.05). However, the percentage of lymphocytes decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The concentrations of blood urea nitrogen significantly increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, following the operation, the percentage and absolute number of neutrophils in the peritoneal fluid significantly increased (P < 0.05). In contrast, the percentage of lymphocytes in the peritoneal fluid decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The concentration of protein in the peritoneal fluid increased significantly (P < 0.05).
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PMID:Evaluation of cellular and biochemical parameters of blood and peritoneal fluid following exploratory laparotomy in the goat. 1084 63


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