Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of newly synthesized N-phenyl-substituted derivatives of succinimide were screened for anticonvulsant activity. Addition of a sulfonamide group in the p-position was of great consequence for the anticonvulsant effect. Substitution of a halogen in the m- or o-position improved activity against electroshock induced seizures. Pentylenetetrazole convulsions could only be prevented by few of these substances in smaller than 200 mg/kg oral doses. Activity could be further enhanced by adding more aliphatic or aromatic groups to the succinimide ring. The lethal doses of most of the active succinimides were higher than 5000 mg/kg p.o. With sublethal doses mice sometimes become drowsy and had myoclonic seizures and/or diarrhoea. At therapeutic dose levels kinetic disturbances, potentiation of pentobarbitone hypnosis or analgesia were rarely observed.
 ...
PMID:[Anticovulsant activity of N-(p-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-succinimide derivatives (author's transl)]. 57 5

The influence of two stressogenic conditions, restraint at 4 degrees C for 30 min (cold-restraint stress; CRS) or swimming at 20 degrees C for 3 min (swim stress; SS), on nociception and on convulsions triggered by different agents was assessed in mice. In saline-pretreated mice CRS and SS caused analgesia (hot-plate test, 56 degrees C), delayed the onset of convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 100 mg/kg, IP) and aggravated convulsions elicited by maximal transcorneal electroshock (150 mA pulses at 60 Hz for 0.2 s). Pretreatment with naloxone (10 mg/kg, SC, 30 min prior to testing), which did not affect the responsiveness of nonstressed mice to the hot plate or to the convulsant treatments, attenuated the development of analgesia following CRS, but not SS, and further prolonged the latency to onset of PTZ-induced convulsions in both stressed groups. Thus the extent to which CRS and SS can each delay the onset of PTZ-triggered convulsion appears to be limited by activation of a proconvulsant opioid system. In contrast, naloxone pretreatment did not modify the effects of CRS or SS on the severity of electroshock-induced seizures. In conclusion, CRS and SS can each, simultaneously, exert anticonvulsant and proconvulsant influences on responsiveness to PTZ and electroshock, respectively. Also, both forms of stress can activate an opioid system modulating the onset of PTZ-induced seizures, which is distinct from that controlling nociception. These findings, together with those of other stress, convulsions and opioid systems, which depends on the characteristics of the stressogenic condition, species, convulsant agent and parameter considered.
 ...
PMID:Effects of cold-restraint and swim stress on convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazol and electroshock: influence of naloxone pretreatment. 180 34

Twenty patients with moderate or severe pain of suspected myocardial infarction received nalbuphine 50 mg intravenously as analgesia in 2 divided doses of 30 mg and 20 mg with 10 mg metoclopramide and were observed for 2 hours. Eighteen patients received nalbuphine outside hospital. The median time from onset of pain to treatment was 73 minutes. Within 30 minutes of the drug's administration 90% of all patients reported satisfactory pain relief (grade 0 or 1). For those with definite myocardial infarction 83% reported satisfactory pain relief at 30 minutes. There were no significant adverse cardiorespiratory effects observed or serious side-effects reported. Nalbuphine is effective and safe when used in this higher dose, although no additional analgesic effect was demonstrated when compared with lower established doses used early in acute myocardial infarction.
Int J Cardiol 1989 Apr
PMID:High dose nalbuphine in early acute myocardial infarction. 271 14

Parenterally administered narcotic analgesics are a critically important part of therapy for the patient with acute myocardial ischemic syndromes. These agents are very effective and, when used with appropriate caution and monitoring, are also generally safe. They not only relieve the sensation of severe pain but also reduce the effective and physiologic reaction to pain and thus reduce patient anxiety. Because these agents all depress respiratory drive to some degree in the doses used for adequate analgesia, close attention to respiratory status is mandatory. In patients with underlying pulmonary disease or significant congestive heart failure, this monitoring should be even more intensive and include arterial blood gas measurements and preparations for possible narcotic antagonist administration and ventilatory assistance. With regard to the hemodynamic changes produced by these agents, several important points are worth noting. It must be remembered that the conclusions regarding hemodynamic effects of these agents are derived from studies involving patient groups that were generally hemodynamically stable, usually pain-free, and almost always at least several hours following acute presentation. Thus, the hemodynamic effects of these agents may be quite different in patients with active pain during a period of acute ischemia, or in patients that are hemodynamically unstable. Hemodynamic studies during these acute settings, however, are extremely difficult to perform because the patient's acute distress mandates rapid administration of an analgesic agent prior to the institution of invasive monitoring. With these cautions relating to data interpretation in mind, it is still possible to make certain recommendations regarding the use of analgesic therapy in acute MI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cardiol Clin 1988 Feb
PMID:Analgesic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. 290 10

Evidence suggests that endogenous opioids, particularly the beta-endorphins and met-enkephalins, are closely involved in stress-induced analgesia and nociceptive pain control. Numerous investigations have been conducted to evaluate the role of opioids in silent vs symptomatic myocardial disease. There is good evidence to suggest that patients with asymptomatic ischemia have defective pain perception compared with those with angina; however, the precise role of the endorphin and enkephalin systems in this phenomenon remains to be elucidated. Possible sources for disparate study results include variation in patient populations, insensitive or improperly timed assay techniques, and differences in amount of ischemia.
Am J Cardiol 1988 Apr 21
PMID:Endorphins and pain perception in silent myocardial ischemia. 296 55

Microinjection of morphine into the area of the habenula and dorsal posteromedial thalamus (H-PMT) produces analgesia for tonic pain as measured by the formalin test in the rat. Control injections of morphine into sites near the H-PMT result in less or no reduction in pain, indicating that the analgesia observed is probably due to a site of action within the H-PMT rather than at surrounding neural structures. The analgesia is fully developed by the first time of testing, 10-16 min following the microinjection, and is completely reversible by naloxone, an opiate antagonist. The analgesia recorded is most likely due to morphine's action on the habenula, parafascicular or paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, or a combination of these structures.
 ...
PMID:Morphine injected into the habenula and dorsal posteromedial thalamus produces analgesia in the formalin test. 407 41

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is a compromise between conventional thoracic surgery performed via a thoracotomy of variable dimensions and surgical videothoracoscopy, which, using only small operating channels, requires the use of specific instruments, gives a field of vision exclusively by video camera and raises the delicate problem of extraction of the resection specimen. VATS is performed via a minithoracotomy, 3.5 to 5 cm long, using a video camera. In this way, the operator has two forms of vision throughout the operation: direct vision through the orifice of the minithoracotomy and visualization of the video screen. This technique also allows extraction of the resection specimen at the end of the operation. Between February and May 1993, 20 patients (14 males and 6 females with a mean age of 56 years) underwent lung resection by VATS (18 lobectomies and 2 pneumonectomies). Eighty-eight patients had a malignant tumour and 2 had a benign disease. Lymph node dissection was routinely performed in patients with a malignant lesion. The mean size of the tumours was 3.2 cm. The operative mortality was nil. The mean operating time was 154 minutes. The postoperative course was uneventful in 14 patients, but two cases of atelectasis on DO, one bronchial infection and one chylothorax, treated medically, were observed. The authors report the current criteria of their indications as the feasibility and reliability of this new technique. Results on pain and patient comfort, postoperative analgesia requirements, recovery of respiratory function and possible long-term sequelae remain to be demonstrated, which is the objective of a current prospective study.
Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 1994 Nov
PMID:[Video-assisted pulmonary excision surgery. Technique, indications and initial results]. 786 60

Midazolam and fentanyl together produce better sedation, analgesia and amnesia than do either drug alone, but the electrophysiologic effects of the combination are unknown. Twenty patients undergoing electrophysiologic studies for clinical reasons were studied. Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and standard variables related to atrioventricular and ventriculoatrial conduction, dual pathways, accessory pathway conduction, sinus node function, and the inducibility of tachycardia were examined before and after intravenous injections of midazolam (0.07 +/- 0.03 mg/kg) combined with fentanyl (0.8 +/- 0.4 micrograms/kg). There were no significant changes in the electrophysiologic variables or ease of inducibility of tachycardia. The drugs were well tolerated; they produced minor and clinically unimportant reductions in mean blood pressure (99 +/- 13 to 89 +/- 16 mm Hg; p < 0.001) and respiratory rate (18 +/- 4 to 16 +/- 3 breaths/min; p = 0.05). Excellent sedation was achieved. Major amnesia was reported by 95% of patients. In conclusion, midazolam combined with fentanyl provides safe and effective sedation for electrophysiologic studies without significantly affecting electrophysiologic variables or the inducibility of tachyarrhythmias.
Am J Cardiol 1993 Jul 15
PMID:Cardiac electrophysiologic effects of midazolam combined with fentanyl. 832 80

The neuropharmacological profile of the total fungal extract of F. moniliforme (FM) has been investigated. FM produced dose related decrease in spontaneous motor activity (SMA) and exploratory activity, potentiated pentobarbitone hypnosis and the anticonvulsant actions of phenobarbitone and phenytoin against MES seizures, potentiated PTZ and tryptamine seizures, antagonised reserpine induced syndrome, attenuated tetrabenazine and morphine induced catalepsy and potentiated haloperidol catalepsy. FM showed per se antinociceptive activity and potentiated morphine analgesia. It increased rectal temperature, antagonised reserpine and apomorphine hypothermia and potentiated the hyperthermic response of haloperidol and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and hypothermic response of betaphenylethylamine (PEA) and L-dopa. FM had no per se effect on amphetamine lethality, but enhanced the lethality induced by morphine in aggregated animals. Stereotypy by amphetamine was potentiated while that of apomorphine was not affected. The behavioural response of 5-HTP and L-dopa was potentiated. FM had no effect on swim induced behavioural despair. The effect on aggressive behavior was complex, and while the cumulative aggressive score was reduced, the onset of fighting behaviour and contact period was increased. It also inhibited clonidine induced auto mutilation. Since earlier investigation had shown that FM, like nialamide, induced non-selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO), the results were compared with those induced by nialamide. A comparative profile of action reveals that the neuropharmacological action of FM are qualitatively similar to those induced by nialamide, and likely to be due to inhibition of MAO. The investigation has practical implications because F. moniliforme is a common contaminant of cereals and fruits.
 ...
PMID:Neuropharmacological studies on Fusarium toxins--I: Total toxin extract from Fusarium moniliforme. 906 73

Thoracic epidural anesthesia may affect the outcome of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery beneficially by producing superlative perioperative analgesia, stress response attenuation, and cardiac sympatholysis. The technique of instrumentation in combination with full intraoperative heparinization, however, may risk potentially serious adverse effects and undesirable drug effects. This article attempts to establish whether a favorable risk/benefit ratio exists and to clarify the role of sympatholysis by thoracic epidural anesthesia in cardiac surgery.
Curr Opin Cardiol 1997 Nov
PMID:Epidural anesthesia in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. 942 21


1 2 3 4 Next >>