Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As part of an investigation of the quality of the return to consciousness after anaesthesia, a comparison was made between recovery times in 60 patients divided into three groups, subjected to general anaesthesia and shallow maintenance with halothane, mixed short shallow neuro-analgesia, and short analgesia anaesthesia. Psycho-aptitudinal recovery was evaluated with three graphic tests. The results indicate that recovery times are much shorter for shallow neuro-analgesia, and particularly for analgesic anaesthesia by comparison with ordinary shallow techniques coupled with maintenance in O2 + N2O + Halothane.
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PMID:[Study of recovery from anesthesia by means of graphic tests of writing and drawing]. 54 7

Halothane MAC in dogs was not significantly changed by phenobarbital (PB) therapy. Following 10 consecutive days of oral PB (10 mg/kg), halothane MAC was 0.95 +/- 0.05 vol/dl (mean +/- SE) compared with a halothane MAC of 1.05 +/- 0.03 vol/dl in another group not given PB. The absence of change in MAC may reflect either the development of tolerance to CNS sedative effects of PB or the masking of antanalgesia effects of the barbiturate by associated sedation and/or analgesia.
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PMID:Halothane MAC in dogs unchanged by phenobarbital. 98 22

Anesthesiological considerations are discussed on the basis of the limited literature available and our own experience with more than 2000 ESWL treatments. Guidelines concerning anesthesia technique and ESWL treatment of renal and ureteral stones are outlined and compared to our own results and those in the literature. The following techniques are discussed: intubation anesthesia with halogenated carbohydrogens (Fluothane, Ethrane), intubation anesthesia with Fluothane/Ethrane plus opiates, neuroleptic anesthesia, catheter peridural anesthesia (lumbar/thoracic), opiate analgesia and high frequency jet ventilation.
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PMID:[Anesthesiologic aspects of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)]. 288 Apr 20

The study was undertaken to examine if endogenous opioid systems mediate the response of the sympathetic nervous system to halothane anesthesia. Steady state values of renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded in the conscious state and at three depths of halothane anesthesia (0.6%, 1.2%, and 2.4%) in rats. Halothane caused an inhibition of rSNA and hypotension and a decrease in HR at the three halothane concentrations. Repeated bolus doses of the opiate antagonist (-)naloxone given iv during 1.2% halothane anesthesia did not significantly increase any of the variables. However, pretreatment with (-)naloxone (2 or 15 mg.kg-1) induced an increase in rSNA at 0.6% halothane, and subsequently the rSNA inhibition was less pronounced at the two higher halothane concentrations compared with control. HR showed a similar pattern, whereas the hypotension was essentially unaffected. Pretreatment with the pharmacologically inactive compound (+)naloxone had no effect on the halothane-induced depression of rSNA. The ED50 halothane concentration concerning nociceptive aversive behavior was not significantly changed with (-)naloxone pretreatment (2 mg.kg-1). In order to determine if sympathoinhibitory bulbospinal serotonin pathways are activated during halothane anesthesia, rSNA, MAP, and HR were recorded in rats pretreated with the serotonin synthesis inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA). However, PCPA pretreatment did not affect the rSNA response to halothane compared with control. These findings indicate that the halothane-induced inhibition of rSNA might partially result from a stereospecific activation of opioid receptors, whereas halothane analgesia does not seem to be mediated by opioid mechanisms.
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PMID:The opiate antagonist naloxone counteracts the inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity caused by halothane anesthesia in rats. 291 65

The effect of several anaesthetic agents on the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) was investigated. Pentobarbitone sodium at a dose of 50 mg/kg sedated the animals but did not produce analgesia or anaesthesia. A combination of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine at 40 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, respectively, sedated the animals, but anaesthetic levels were not attained. Halothane was most effective in producing anaesthesia in Monodelphis domestica. Hypothermia was a major side effect with all three anaesthetic regimes.
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PMID:An evaluation of three anaesthetic regimes in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). 317 9

Rats were anaesthetized with ten anaesthetics. Ketamine and enflurane gave the lowest concentration of creatine phosphate and ATP and the highest of lactate in brain, while giving the highest concentration of the high-energy phosphates and the lowest of lactate in skeletal muscle. In general, intraperitoneally-administered anaesthetics gave higher concentrations of creatine phosphate and ATP and lower concentrations of lactate in brain than did the inhalant anaesthetics. The most rapid induction of anaesthesia was achieved with halothane and enflurane, while ketamine gave variable induction times and poor analgesia. Halothane stimulated glycolysis and lowered the concentrations of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle.
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PMID:The effect of anaesthetics on the concentration of creatine phosphate, adenosine triphosphate and lactate in brain and skeletal muscle of the rat. 361 35

The effects of acupuncture analgesia were studied using the change in halothane MAC in volunteers. Halothane MAC under electrical acupuncture stimulation was reduced to 86.2+/-11.1% from the control value. After naloxone administration the level of the MAC was raised to the control level and the increment was 19.1+/-14.8%. Naloxone itself did not change the halothane MAC in the same subjects. These results suggest that the changes in halothane MAC under acupuncture stimulation are caused by the release of an endogenous analgesic substance in the brain.
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PMID:Antagonism of acupuncture analgesia by naloxone in unconscious man. 693 Mar 31

To evaluate the insulin response and the rates of disappearance of glucose from plasma during high spinal analgesia and various types of general anaesthesia, a series of intravenous glucose tolerance tests was performed in six dogs. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured during the intravenous glucose tolerance tests. Insulinogenic indices were calculated. The values obtained during anaesthesia were compared to those obtained during an unanaesthetized state. The insulinogenic index was increased significantly during high spinal analgesia and thiopentone infusion. Halothane and enflurane anaesthesia decreased the insulinogenic index significantly while Innovar-nitrous oxide also decreased it, but not significantly. These findings suggest that insulin secretion in response to hyperglycaemia is stimulated by spinal analgesia and thiopentone anaesthesia, depressed by halothane and enflurane anaesthesia and unchanged during neuroleptanesthesia. A diuresis was observed in the thiopentone anaesthetic and spinal analgesic groups as compared to the other general anaesthetic groups. Urinary losses of insulin and glucose paralleled urinary output; yet the greatest mean urinary loss of glucose did not exceed 4.5 per cent of the load of glucose administered. Accordingly, 95 per cent of the administered glucose remained within the body, presumably available for utilization.
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PMID:Intravenous glucose tolerance test during anaesthesia in dogs: insulin response and glucose clearance. 702 Aug 89

Male rats received unavoidable footshock administered while either awake or under Halothane anaesthesia. Tail-flick threshold was measured subsequently in awake rats. An elevation in pain threshold indicative of stress-induced analgesia (SIA) appeared in rats shocked while awake, but not in those shocked while anaesthetized. The findings suggest that conscious processes are necessary for the occurrence of SIA.
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PMID:The role of consciousness in stress-induced analgesia. 728 38

We compared the rates of elimination of sevoflurane and halothane in 29 children, aged between one and seven years, undergoing ambulatory anaesthesia. Analgesia was provided by fentanyl and muscle relaxation by atracurium. Anaesthesia was maintained by inhalation of one MAC of either sevoflurane or halothane, based on an equipotent concentration of each agent for the age of the child. Following simultaneous discontinuation of N2O and the inhalational agent, the equation describing N2O washout was identical in the presence of halothane and sevoflurane, showing that there was no effect of the volatile agent on the rate of N2O elimination. The elimination of sevoflurane and N2O give similar types of equations. Halothane elimination gives a logarithmic type of equation, showing a slower release, corresponding to residual tissue content.
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PMID:Sevoflurane elimination kinetics in children. 748 71


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