Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A biphasic dose-response pattern is generated by the isoquinoline, 3-carboxysalsolinol, in analgesia tests conducted in mice. Carbidopa pretreatment enhances this effect, as well as the morphine-induced analgesic increase by 3-carboxysalsolinol. Naloxone blockade of all of these responses suggests an interaction of the alcohol-based isoquinoline with central opiate receptors.
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PMID:Analgesic effects of 3-carboxysalsolinol alone and in combination with morphine. 89 38

mu- and delta-Opioid agonists interact in a synergistic manner to produce analgesia in several animal models. Additionally, receptor binding studies using membranes derived from brain tissue indicate that interactions between mu- and delta-opioid receptors might be responsible for the observation of multiple opioid receptor subtypes. To examine potential interactions between mu- and delta-opioid receptors, we examined receptor binding and functional characteristics of mu-, delta-, or both mu- and delta-opioid receptors stably transfected in rat pituitary GH(3) cells (GH(3)MOR, GH(3)DOR, and GH(3)MORDOR, respectively). Saturation and competition binding experiments revealed that coexpression of mu- and delta-opioid receptors resulted in the appearance of multiple affinity states for mu- but not delta-opioid receptors. Additionally, coadministration of selective mu- and delta-opioid agonists in GH(3)MORDOR cells resulted in a synergistic competition with [(3)H][D-Pen(2,5)]enkephalin (DPDPE) for delta-opioid receptors. Finally, when equally effective concentrations of [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO) and two different delta-opioid agonists (DPDPE or 2-methyl-4a alpha-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,12,12a alpha-octahydroquinolino-[2,3,3-g]-isoquinoline; TAN67) were coadministered in GH(3)MORDOR cells, a synergistic inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity was observed. These results strongly suggest that cotransfection of mu- and delta-opioid receptors alters the binding and functional characteristics of the receptors. Therefore, we propose that the simultaneous exposure of GH(3)MORDOR cells to selective mu- and delta-opioid agonists produces an interaction between receptors resulting in enhanced receptor binding. This effect is translated into an augmented ability of these agonists to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity. Similar interactions occurring in neurons that express both mu- and delta-opioid receptors could explain observations of multiple opioid receptor subtypes in receptor binding studies and the synergistic interaction of mu- and delta-opioids in analgesic assays.
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PMID:Interaction of co-expressed mu- and delta-opioid receptors in transfected rat pituitary GH(3) cells. 1125 22

Endogenous opioid systems regulate neurobiological responses to threatening stimuli. Stimulation of kappa-opioid receptors (KORs) produces analgesia but induces prodepressive-like effects in a variety of animal models. In contrast, KOR antagonists have antidepressant-like effects. KORs and their endogenous ligand dynorphin are expressed throughout brain areas involved in fear and anxiety, including the extended amygdala. Here, we examined whether KOR antagonists would affect unlearned fear (anxiety) in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) paradigms and learned fear in the fear-potentiated startle (FPS) paradigm. These studies were designed to accommodate the slow onset (approximately 24 h) and extended time course (>3 weeks) of the prototypical KOR antagonists nor-binaltorphimine hydrochloride (norBNI) and JDTic [(3R)-7-hydroxy-N-[(1S)-1-[[(3R, 4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-2-methylpropyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinoline-carboxamide hydrochloride]. Rats received an i.p. injection of norBNI (3.0-30 mg/kg) or JDTic (1.0-10 mg/kg) 48 h before EPM testing. One day later, they were tested in the OF, and 5 and 7 days later, they were trained and tested in the FPS paradigm. Both KOR antagonists dose-dependently increased open arm exploration in the EPM without affecting OF behavior. They also decreased conditioned fear in the FPS paradigm. The anxiolytic-like effects of KOR antagonists were qualitatively similar to those of the benzodiazepine chlordiazepoxide in the EPM. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine had no effect in the EPM and anxiogenic-like effects in the OF. Our results indicate that KOR antagonists produce a unique combination of antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects and suggest that this class of drugs may be particularly effective for the treatment of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders.
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PMID:Anxiolytic-like effects of kappa-opioid receptor antagonists in models of unlearned and learned fear in rats. 1782 6