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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The influence of four different types of anaesthesia -- halothane and enflurane inhalation anaestheis, neurolept analgesia and epidural analgesia with single shot technique -- on the serum levels of GOT, GPT, GLDH, LDH, AP, LAP, gamma-GT, total protein and bilirubin was examined in 104 comparable cases undergoing gynaecological surgery. A significant increase in GOT, GPT, GLDH, AP, and gamma-GT levels was observed between the 6th and 9th postoperative day with all types of anaesthesia. The serum levels remained elevated until the 15th postoperative day. There was no significant difference between the four types of anaesthesia as regarded their effects on the serum constituents investigated. The same applied to the serum CHE activity which reached a minimum on the 3rd postoperative day followed by a steady rise. The results indicate that the postoperative changes of the liver enzyme pattern are not related to the type of anaesthesia used. Bilirubin was elevated on the first postoperative day, then dropped rapidly and stayed below the pre-operative values until the 12th postoperative day. There was no difference between the four types of anaesthesia. Glucuronisation of bilirubin may be inhibited initially by the anaesthetic agents. The subsequent rapid fall of the bilirubin levels may be the result of enzyme induction.
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PMID:[Influences of different anaesthetic techniques on serum levels of hepatic enzymes and of bilirubin (author's transl)]. 4 95

The influence of general anaesthesia for operations devoid of substantial tissue traumas on the postoperative pattern of hepatic enzymes was studied in 40 patients undergoing ophthalmologic surgery. 20 had neurolept analgesia, 20 had halothane anaesthesia. The duration of anaesthesia, age of the patients and their previous history corresponded fairly closely to those of a group of patients who had gynaecological operations and were the subject of a previous study. In contrast to the latter group total protein, cholinesterase, GOT, GPT, LDH, GLDH, AP, LAP and gamma-GT remained normal up to 12 days after the operation. The exception were changes in the total bilirubin levels which were similar to those observed in the gynaecological cases. Possible causes are discussed.
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PMID:[The effects of "atraumatic" surgery in halothane anaesthesia and neurolept analgesia on the liver enzyme pattern (author's transl)]. 4 96

Blood urea content and the serum concentrations of sodium, creatinine, uric acid, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (g.o.t.), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (g.p.t.) and bilirubin were measured before delivery, on the 2nd and 3rd days and on the 5th day after delivery. In two groups of mothers, one receiving nitrous oxide analgesia and the other a combination of nitrous oxide and methoxyflurane, blood urea and serum sodium and g.o.t. were increased following labour and nitrous oxide analgesia; s.g.p.t. was increased only in the late post-partum period. Serum sodium, creatinine, uric acid, urea, g.o.t. and g.p.t. increased following exposure to methoxyflurance. The increase in serum sodium, uric acid and urea was dose-dependent. Capillary concentrations of uric acid in the neonates showed dose-dependent changes in response to methoxyflurane.
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PMID:Influence of methoxyflurane-nitrous oxide analgesia during childbirth on renal and hepatic function. 58 3

Total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl, and ketamine (FK) was administered to 56 pediatric surgical patients ranging in ages from 5 to 15 years to evaluate their hemodynamics during anesthesia, post-operative hepatic as well as renal functions, and post-operative sedation as well as analgesia. These data were compared with those of the patients who underwent almost the same surgical procedures under enflurane-N2O anesthesia. The post-operative s-GOT, s-GPT, BUN, creatinine levels were not elevated significantly as compared with pre-operative levels in the FK group. As compared with those patients who received enflurane anesthesia, the blood pressure in the FK groups was higher by 15-30 mmHg, but it was stable during anesthesia without any complications. Their post-operative sedation and analgesia were better in the FK group than in the enflurane group and the complications such as nausea and vomiting were observed less frequently in the FK patients than in the patients who received anesthesia with ketamine alone reported in literatures. The data described above suggest that this method of anesthesia deserves further detailed clinical trials for pediatric patients.
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PMID:[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--13. Application for pediatric patients]. 177 May 77

In 38 patients subjected to retropubic prostatectomy the effects of continuous lumbar epidural analgesia for 24 hours and the thiopentone- oxygen-nitrous oxide- alcuronium-pethidine sequence with artificial ventilation on the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) have been studied. Per- and postoperative complications were recorded according to a prearranged plan designed to quantify the peroperative haemorrhage, postoperative deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary, circulatory and infectious complications. ASAT, ALAT and AP in the general group and ALAT in the epidural group showed significant increases on the 5th and 7th postoperative days. There existed no statistically significant difference between the groups. 82% of the patients with documented postoperative complications combined with hypoxaemia showed a pathologic liver enzyme pattern in contrast to 9% of the patients with uneventful postoperative course. It is concluded that the method of anaesthesia did not have an effect on the liver enzymes. Complications combined with postoperative hypoxaemia seemed to be the factors responsible for the increases of liver enzymes.
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PMID:Liver enzymes after retropubic prostatectomy in patients receiving continuous lumbar epidural analgesia or general anaesthesia. 618 33

There is a huge plastic industry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where plastic wares are widely used. Locally manufactured jerricans were brought from the market and cut into small chips of 0.5 cm in the larger dimension. Four gram chips were extracted with 20 ml normal saline solution in the autoclave for 1 h at 121 degrees C. The extract was prepared daily and administered at a dose of 20 ml/ kg/day i.p. to MFI mice during gestation. The control group was given normal saline. Both groups included at least 20 pregnant mice each. The prenatal effects of the extract were investigated with respect to the gestational period, neonatal mortality, body weight, body growth rate, body length, eye opening, weight of the internal organs, blood enzymes, and nervous system (neuromuscular junction analgesia and behavior) by using the accelerating Rota-rod treadmill (Ugo Basile, Varese, Italy), a hot plate and an automatic reflex conditioner of the offspring. All the results were subjected to t test. The results indicated that prenatally administered aqueous plastic extract increased the percentage of liver weight (p < 0.05), raised the aspartate aminotransferase activity (p < 0.01) and alanine aminotransferase activity (p < 0.05), reduced the gestational period (p < 0.01), reduced the body weight at birth (p < 0.01), reduced the body growth rate (p < 0.01, p < 0.05), and reduced the endurance time on the Rota-rod treadmill (p < 0.01, p < 0.05).
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PMID:Prenatal effects of aqueous plastic extract on offspring. 910 Dec 18

In the plastics industry, various chemical additives are used to improve certain properties of plastics. Some of these chemicals, that might be toxic, have been proved to leach from the plastic containers and mix with their contents such as food oils, beverages, drugs, etc. Locally manufactured polyvinyl chloride (PVC) jerrycans were bought from the market and cut into small chips of 0.5 cm in the larger dimension. Four grams of chips were extracted with 20 ml cottonseed oil in the autoclave for 1 h at 121 degrees C. The extract was prepared daily and given orally to adult MFI mice in a dose of 10 ml kg(-1) body weight. Pure cottonseed oil was prepared under the same conditions and given in a dose of 10 ml kg(-1) body weight to the control group. Treatment of both groups continued for 1 month. Each group comprised 60 animals, regardless of sex. Effects of the oil plastic extract were observed on blood elements, serum transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase, AST, and alanine aminotransferase, ALT), organ-to-body weight of the liver, kidneys and brain, and the nervous system (effects on the neuromuscular junction and analgesia, using the Rota-Rod(R) treadmill 'RRT', and the hot plate, respectively). All the results were subjected to Student's t-test. The results showed that the extract induced significant effects: an increase in the activities of AST (p< 0.001) and ALT (p< 0.02), an increase in the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p< 0.01), and the monocyte count (p< 0.01). It decreased the white blood cell count (WBC) (p< 0.01), the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p< 0.05), and the lymphocyte count (p< 0.05). It also reduced the weight of the liver (P< 0.01), kidneys (P< 0.05), and the endurance time on the RRT (p< 0.001).
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PMID:Effects of oil plastic extract on mice. 1126 Jul 89

Obtaining effective analgesia with a minimal erosive effect on gastric mucosal tissue has increased the consumption of acetaminophen (paracetamol), especially among the elderly. However, the hepatotoxic effects of acetaminophen have also increased. We aimed to compare the effects of 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and their combined use on the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in a rat model. Male Wistar Albino rats were divided into six groups. Groups 1-5 received 2,000 mg/kg acetaminophen by gavage while the control group was group 6. Group 2 animals were given NAC (loading dose 140 mg/kg followed by seven doses at 4 h intervals); group 3 received 50 mg/kg 4-MP; group 4 received 200mg/kg 4-MP; and group 5 received NAC as in group 2 plus 200 mg/kg 4-MP. Blood samples were taken for measurements of serum AST and ALT levels. The livers of the rats were removed for microscopic examination and grading of hepatic necrosis. AST and ALT levels in groups 2-5 were lower than that of group 1 (p < 0.001), although no significant difference was noted between groups 2-5 (p > 0.05). Higher levels of ALT were found in group 5 than in group 2 (p < 0.05), and higher levels of AST were found in group 5 than in group 3 (p < 0.01). Median necrosis scores were 3.36 for rats receiving acetaminophen alone (p < 0.001, compared with groups 2-6), 1.45-1.81 for groups 2-5 (p > 0.05, compared with each other), and 0.18 for control rats (p < 0.001, compared with groups 1-5). In conclusion, the administration of 4-MP and/or NAC after 4 h of administering toxic dose of acetaminophen, inhibits hepatotoxicity in rats. There was no difference between the 4-MP and NAC-treated groups as reflected by comparable levels of serum transaminases and the degree of hepatic necrosis. Combining of 4-MP and NAC offers no benefit.
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PMID:Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of 4-methylpyrazole and N-acetylcysteine on acetaminophen (paracetamol) hepatotoxicity in rats. 1201 14

Eighty female cats presented for ovariohysterectomy were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups in this assessor-blinded trial. After pre-anaesthetic assessment, the cats were premedicated with acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg). Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and maintained with halothane in oxygen. Forty cats received carprofen (4 mg/kg subcutaneously) and 40 received meloxicam (0.3 mg/kg subcutaneously) after anaesthetic induction. Following routine flank ovariohysterectomy the cats were assessed using visual analogue scale scores for pain and sedation over a 20-hour study period. Blood samples were taken before sedation and at 20 hours for serum biochemistry (urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase). There were no significant differences between the groups for pain and sedation scores. Serum biochemistry values were similar between the groups, with some differences within groups between the pre-sedation and 20-hour values. One cat in the carprofen group and two cats in the meloxicam group required rescue analgesia with intramuscular morphine (0.2 mg/kg).
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PMID:Comparison between meloxicam and carprofen for postoperative analgesia after feline ovariohysterectomy. 1213 47

The ethanolic rhizome extract of Kaempferia galanga L. (Zingiberaceae) was studied by conventional pharmacological methods including the Hippocratic screening test, and acute and subacute toxicities in rats. The hexane fraction was tested for dermal irritation in rabbits. The ethanolic extract, when tested by the Hippocratic screening test, demonstrated signs that indicated CNS depression such as a decrease in motor activity and respiratory rate, and a loss of screen grip and analgesia. In the acute toxicity test, oral administration of 5 g/kg of Kaempferia galanga produced neither mortality nor significant differences in the body and organ weights between controls and treated animals. Moreover, both gross abnormalities and histopathological changes were not comparatively detectable between all controls and treated animals of both sexes. In subacute toxicity studies, no mortality was observed when varying doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg of ethanolic Kaempferia galanga extract were administered orally per day for a period of 28 days. There were no significant differences in the body and organ weights between controls and treated animals of both sexes. Hematological analysis showed no differences in any of the parameters examined (WBC count, platelet, hematocrit and hemoglobin estimation) in either the control or treated groups of both sexes. However, the differential leukocyte counts showed a slight but significant decrease of lymphocyte count in the 50 and 100 mg/kg male rat groups. In the blood chemistry analysis, no significant change occurred in the blood chemistry parameters, including glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P), total protein and albumin of both sexes. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. No sign of irritation was observed during the dermal irritation test of the hexane fraction of Kaempferia galanga.
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PMID:Toxicity of crude rhizome extract of Kaempferia galanga L. (Proh Hom). 1501 2


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