Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The effects of intraperitoneal administration of a standard extract of Panax ginseng alone and in combination with morphine were determined in male Sprague-Dawley rats. 2. Ginseng extract at 200 mg/kg produced analgesia and hypothermia. These effects of ginseng were not reversed by naltrexone. 3. A dose of morphine (8 mg/kg) produced analgesia and hyperthermia. The analgesic response to morphine was antagonized by 25 and 50 mg/kg doses of ginseng but not by 12.5, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses. 4. Morphine-induced hyperthermia was antagonized by 12.5-200 mg/kg doses of ginseng. 5. Administration of morphine (50 mg/kg) produced cataleptic effect which was antagonized by 25 mg/kg of ginseng. 6. The results suggest that ginseng extract at high doses produces analgesia and hypothermia in the rat by a non-opiate mechanism, and antagonizes the acute pharmacological effects of morphine.
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PMID:Antagonism of the acute pharmacological actions of morphine by panax ginseng extract. 227 87

The root of ginseng (Panax ginseng) has been used as a traditional medicine in the far east countries since ancient times. Ginseng extracts produce analgesia among other various biologically beneficial effects. A polyacetylenic compound, (9R,10S)-epoxyheptadecan-4,6-diyn-3-one (EHD), has been isolated from ginseng extract, whose biological activity is largely unknown. Voltage-gated Na(+) channels in primary sensory neurons play important roles in pain perception. We investigated the effects of EHD on tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) and tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na(+) currents in acutely dissociated rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. EHD inhibited both Na(+) currents in a concentration-dependent manner with an equal potency (K(d) values were both 14.3 microM). The activation voltage was not affected by EHD in either type of Na(+) current. However, EHD accelerated the inactivation of both Na(+) currents and produced a hyperpolarizing shift of the steady-state inactivation curve. In addition EHD suppressed the maximal Na(+) current at negative holding potentials at which the channels are relieved from inactivation. Thus EHD appears to bind both resting and inactivated channels. The recovery from inactivation of both Na(+) currents was also slowed by EHD. EHD inhibition of TTX-S Na(+) current but not TTX-R Na(+) current was frequency-dependent. This is the first report that a polyacetylene from ginseng inhibits Na(+) currents in primary sensory neurons. EHD by inhibiting Na(+) currents may contribute to the ginseng analgesia.
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PMID:Effects of a polyacetylene from Panax ginseng on Na+ currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. 1816 79

The traditional Japanese herbal medicine hangeshashinto (HST) has beneficial effects for the treatment of oral ulcerative mucositis (OUM) in cancer patients. However, the ingredient-based mechanism that underlies its pain-relieving activity remains unknown. In the present study, to clarify the analgesic mechanism of HST on OUM-induced pain, we investigated putative HST ingredients showing antagonistic effects on Na+ channels in vitro and in vivo. A screen of 21 major ingredients using automated patch-clamp recordings in channel-expressing cells showed that [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol, two components of a Processed Ginger extract, considerably inhibited voltage-activated Na+ currents. These two ingredients inhibited the stimulant-induced release of substance P and action potential generation in cultured rat sensory neurons. A submucosal injection of a mixture of [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold in healthy rats. In a rat OUM model, OUM-induced mechanical pain was alleviated 30min after the swab application of HST despite the absence of anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory actions in the OUM area. A swab application of a mixture of [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol induced sufficient analgesia of OUM-induced mechanical or spontaneous pain when co-applied with a Ginseng extract containing abundant saponin. The Ginseng extract demonstrated an acceleration of substance permeability into the oral ulcer tissue without an analgesic effect. These findings suggest that Na+ channel blockage by gingerol/shogaol plays an essential role in HST-associated analgesia of OUM-induced pain. This pharmacological mechanism provides scientific evidence supporting the use of this herbal medicine in patients suffering from OUM-induced pain.
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PMID:[6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol, active ingredients of the traditional Japanese medicine hangeshashinto, relief oral ulcerative mucositis-induced pain via action on Na+ channels. 2804 79