Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. In order to evaluate the importance of afferent neural feedback from the working muscles for cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to dynamic exercise, epidural anaesthesia was induced at L3-L4. Six healthy males cycled for 20 min at 57% of maximum oxygen uptake and for 8-12 min at increasing work intensities until exhaustion at 238 +/- 30 W without as well as with epidural anaesthesia. 2. Presence of afferent neural blockade was verified by cutaneous sensory analgesia below T10-T11 and attenuated post-exercise ischaemic pressor response (45 +/- 8-24 +/- 6 mmHg). Efferent sympathetic nerves appear to be intact since basal heart rate and blood pressure as well as the cardiovascular responses to a Valsalva manoeuvre and to a cold pressor test were unchanged. 3. During dynamic exercise with epidural anaesthesia, blood pressure was lower than in control experiments; however, ventilation and heart rate were not affected. 4. The results indicate that afferent neural activity from the working muscles is important for blood pressure regulation during dynamic exercise in man but may not be necessary for eliciting the ventilatory and heart rate responses.
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PMID:Cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to dynamic exercise during epidural anaesthesia in man. 232 85

The present study examined the effect of codeine, a centrally acting opiate, on the respiratory sensations elicited in normal subjects by breathing to exhaustion against externally applied inspiratory threshold loads. Subjects were tested on two separate days following the double-blind, randomized administration of either placebo or codeine (90 mg). The intensity of the sensations of effort and discomfort experienced during two loaded breathing trials (a "high" load that was 73% of the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and a "low" load that was 63% of the MIP) was evaluated using category (Borg) scores on each day of study. To verify that the dosage of codeine administered was sufficient to produce analgesia, we also determined the effect of this dosage on the time that subjects could tolerate immersion of one hand in ice water. Codeine altered neither the perceived effort nor the sense of discomfort associated with breathing against external loads and had no appreciable effect on the time to exhaustion during loaded breathing trials. This dose of codeine did, however, increase the time that ice water immersion could be tolerated and reduced the rate at which the sense of discomfort increased over time during ice water trials. These results indicate that, provided the pressure-time index of respiratory muscle contraction remains constant, analgesic doses of codeine alter neither the sensations elicited by loaded breathing nor the total time that breathing against a fatiguing inspiratory load can be tolerated.
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PMID:Effect of codeine on the sensations elicited by loaded breathing. 235 94

The concentrations of endogenous opiates (beta-endorphin, methionine-enkephalin, leucine-enkephalin) in the spinal fluid and arterial blood plasma has been studied in 16 dogs, using the model of acute pain stimulation under electroacupuncture analgesia (EAA). It has been shown that pain stimulation under EAA is accompanied by a significant increase in methionine-enkephalin++ and leucine-enkephalin concentrations (by 244 and 69.4%, respectively) in the spinal fluid. beta-endorphin level tends to increase. There is also a trend towards the reduction in beta-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin concentrations in the arterial blood plasma, which is indicative of effective antinociceptive stimulation of the endogenous opiate system. However, by the end of the first hour a decrease of methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin levels in the spinal fluid was paralleled by a trend towards beta-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin increase and a significant leucine-enkephalin increase in arterial blood plasma, which can account for the exhaustion of the opiate system.
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PMID:[Changes in the concentration of endogenous opiates in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid during acute painful stimuli and protective electroacupuncture analgesia]. 262 35

The effectiveness, safety and acceptability of self-administered Entonox (50% nitrous oxide in oxygen) in 150 Nigerian women during labour was studied. 86.7% of those who received Entonox alone reported satisfactory pain relief while analgesia was also satisfactory in all those who received Entonox plus intramuscular analgesic. Severe drowsiness occurred in two patients and the method was acceptable to 90% of the mothers in the study. To prevent exhaustion of the mothers and marked drowsiness, intramuscular analgesic should be used early in labour followed by Entonox in the second half of the labour.
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PMID:Self-administered Entonox (50% nitrous oxide in oxygen) in labour: report of the experience in Ibadan. 299 47

Ileus may occur in horses of all ages secondarily to drug administration, colic, exhaustion, peritonitis, or metabolic disorders. Ileus most commonly occurs following abdominal surgery for colic and is a significant cause of postoperative mortality in these horses. The most common clinical signs of ileus are decreased or absent intestinal sounds and gastric reflux. Ileus is treated by eliminating the initiating causes, correcting metabolic imbalances, decompressing distended bowel, providing analgesia, stimulating motility with drugs, and regulating exercise and feed and water intake.
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PMID:Recognition and management of ileus. 328 99

Telemetry and conventional cardiotocography were compared by monitoring the labor of 60 patients with an uneventful pregnancy and delivery in the 38th-42nd week of pregnancy. 31 patients were monitored by telemetry and 29 by cardiotocography. The patients were matched for age (+/- 5 years), duration of pregnancy (+/- 7 days) and parity (I or II). The husband attended labor and delivery in 42% of the cases in the telemetry group and in 59% of the cases in the control group. Induction of labor by amniotomy was performed in 32% of the cases in the telemetry group and in 24% of the cases in the cardiotocography group. The patients monitored subjective pain every half hour during the opening phase. The telemetric patients were encouraged to sit or walk during the first stage. No maternal or fetal complications occurred. All infants were born in good condition with APGAR scores greater than or equal to 7 recorded at one and five minutes. There were 4 operative deliveries in the telemetry group and 5 in the control group. Indications for these were maternal or uterine exhaustion with the exception of two control patients where fetal asphyxia was suspected. The duration of the first stage of labor did not differ significantly between the telemetry and the cardiotocography groups. The telemetric patients received less analgesics than the controls but this difference was not significant. In spite of less analgesia in the telemetry group, the secondparas of the telemetry group experienced significantly less (p less than 0.01) labor pain than the controls. In addition, the secondparas of the telemetry group considered the present labor less painful than the previous one significantly more often than the controls. Among the primiparous patients there was no difference in the amount of pain experienced by the patients.
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PMID:The monitoring of labor by telemetry. 706 28

The involvement of endogenous morphines (enkephalins and endorphins) in the regulation of pain is demonstrated by the following experimental evidence: (a) their analgesic activities; (b) their distribution in the central nervous systems; (c) the effects of their modifiers, especially of their antagonists, on nociceptive reactions and (or) on various types of analgesia; (d) rare modifications of their brain levels in pain and (or) analgesic states. Besides the well-known facts, the following items are particularly stressed: the functional roles of hypothalamic structures and of the pituitary, the effects of antagonists, the variety of analgesia following noxious and (or) stressful stimuli, genetic and environmental factors, endogenous antinociceptive substances other than opioids, relations with biogenic amines. As a whole, endogenous morphines apparently filter the particular important sensory input represented by nociception and control the reactions to pain, allowing for adjusted behaviour, if the stimuli are avoidable, or for prevention or at least delay of exhaustion if the stimuli are unavoidable.
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PMID:Endogenous morphines and pain. 734 Apr 54

Mechanical ventilation is a well-established strategy in intensive care medicine. ICU trauma patients require analgesia, and sedation mostly consists of benzodiazepines and opioids with increasing doses over time. The weaning period is complicated by the withdrawal syndrome, showing tachycardia, hypertonia, tachypnea and restlessness. Although treatment with clonidine can influence these symptoms, tachypnea still remains the main problem in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. Adding sufentanil, an opioid with greater effects on analgesia than on respiratory depression compared with fentanyl, tachypnea can be reduced to normal frequency. In this way weaning management can be managed more easily for the benefit of both, the patient and physician. In comparison with a group of 50 patients treated with clonidine alone, 72 patients treated with clonidine/sufentanil showed a shorter period from the start of spontaneous ventilation until extubation (4.8 vs 7.6 days) and until discharge from the ICU (7.7 vs 12.4 days). The number of reintubations caused by respiratory exhaustion decreased from 16.0 to 2.8%.
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PMID:[In Process Citation] 1006 33

Because of its peculiar geographic location beneath Mont-Blanc, the Chamonix Hospital plays an important role in the management of mountaineering- and skiing-related traumatic injuries. The authors, thanks to the study of 5200 mountain rescue medical reports, set out to explain the different aspects of this activity: epidemiology, specific equipment, care in the field, reception and primary survey, dispatching, common therapeutic attitudes, progress, and results. In the dangerous environment of the high mountains, emphasis is put on the physicians' experience, allowing an early evacuation in the best conditions to the hospital. Diagnosis at the scene of the accident is very basic, and the initial treatment is based on immobilization, analgesia, and sedating. In the case of resuscitation, only the vital maneuvers are performed; these actions are carried on during the short flight and improved in the crash rooms. Finally, different specific pathologies are mentioned, including cold- or heat-related injuries, exhaustion, lightning strikes, and mountain sickness.
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PMID:Medical mountain rescue in the Mont-Blanc massif. 1056 Mar 8

Proenkephalin peptide F [107-140] is an enkephalin-containing peptide found predominantly within the adrenal medulla and is co-packaged with epinephrine within adrenal medullary chromaffin granules. Peptide F has been shown to have the classic opioid analgesia effects along with immune cell interactions. This is only the second peptide F study in women, and in it we compare the responses of peptide F to a maximal cycle exercise test and recovery values over the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Eight untrained (directly documented in this study) women who were eumenorrheic performed a progressive maximal exercise test to volitional exhaustion on a cycle ergometer, once during the follicular phase, and once during the luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Blood was obtained pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise and at 0, 15, and 30 min into recovery. Typical exercise changes in response to the cycle tests were observed with blood lactate increases that remained elevated 30 min into recovery. No significant exercise-induced elevations were observed for peptide F concentrations with exercise nor were any differences observed between the two menstrual phases. Thus, the effects of the menstrual cycle on peptide F concentrations appear to be minimal under the conditions of this investigation. With high concentrations of peptide F observed at rest (approx. 0.2-0.3 pmol ml(-1)) pre-exercise arousal mechanisms may have obviated any exercise-induced response. In addition, inhibition via elevated epinephrine may have inhibited any post-exercise increases and finally adrenal medullary capacity for circulatory concentrations of peptide F may have been reached in such untrained women. Pre-exercise arousal mechanisms potentially related to analgesia may also be involved to prepare untrained women for the stress of maximal exercise.
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PMID:Influence of the menstrual cycle on proenkephalin peptide F responses to maximal cycle exercise. 1640 33


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