Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Haemodynamic responses in normotensive pregnancy in the antenatal phase show that cardiac output is elevated by the end of the first trimester, and remains elevated throughout pregnancy, although it may fall very slightly at the end of the third trimester of pregnancy. Heart rate remains virtually static throughout pregnancy, although it may fall very slightly at the end of the third trimester of pregnancy. Arterial blood pressure remains virtually unaltered. During labour in patients with traditional anaesthesia, cardiac output is elevated by 40% overall at the end of the labour, and this rise may be as much as 60% in the immediate post-partum period. Patients with epidural analgesia show no overall rise in cardiac output throughout labour. Following Caesarean section there may be massive rises in cardiac output. In patients who become hypertensive as a result of pregnancy, there are marked individual patterns. These different groups show patients with elevated levels of cardiac output, patients with a pure elevation of systemic vascular resistance, and a third group in which there is elevation of both resistance and output. It seems certain that different syndromes are occurring, the theoretical explanations for which are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Central circulatory responses in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancy. 47 68

Renin activity and aldosterone concentration in plasma and excretion of sodium and potassium in urine were measured during a period of 24 hours in 12 patients undergoing hysterectomy under general anaesthesia or epidural analgesia. Analgesia extended from T4 to S5 and was effective throughout the study. The normal stress-induced increase in plasma renin activity and aldosterone was inhibited by epidural analgesia. Urinary excretion of potassium was significantly lower in the epidural group, but sodium and water retention showed no difference between groups. It is concluded that neurogenic stimuli from the surgical area are important release mechanisms of the renin-aldosterone response to surgery. The results suggest that post-operative sodium retention is caused by factors other than the mineralocorticoid system.
 ...
PMID:Epidural analgesia inhibits the renin and aldosterone response to surgery. 48 83

The experience in the Fertility Control Center (Baltimore, Maryland) with gestational trophoblastic disease is reviewed. Over the July 1, 1973 through June 30, 1976 period, 4829 patients underwent suction curettage. About 75% had gestations of 12 weeks or less while the remaining 25% were beyond 12 weeks. All patients presenting for abortion were screened with a history, physical examination, and laboratory tests includng a urine pregnancy test. The suction curettage procedures were carried out using paracervical block anesthesia and intravenous analgesia. All obtained tissue was submitted for pathologic review. The criteria used to diagnose gestational trophoblastic disease include presence of placental villi with edema, loss of vasculature, and varying degrees of trophoblastic proliferation. 8 cases of hydatidiform mole were diagnosed during the study period. The frequency of hydatidiform mole within the group of patients presenting for suction curettage was about 1/600. Of the patients with molar pregnancy, 6 of 8 were 16 or less, 6 of 8 were black, all but 1 was single, and 5 of 8 were nulliparous. All patients with the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole developed negative titers within 6 weeks, and no patient needed chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Gestational trophoblastic disease within an elective abortion population. 48 43

A randomised blind comparison between caudal analgesia (1.5 mg/kg bupivacaine) and intramuscular morphine (0.15 mg/kg) is reported. Forty boys were studied. Caudal analgesia is shown to be significantly better than morphine by means of a linear analogue scale designed to quantify behaviour immediately after operation.
Anaesthesia 1979 Jun
PMID:Postoperative analgesia after circumcision. A randomized comparison between caudal analgesia and intramuscular morphine in boys. 48 15

Continuous lumbar epidural anesthesia was instituted in 49 healthy parturients who were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: 14 patients received chloroprocaine, 3 per cent; 19 received bupivacaine, 0.5 per cent, and 16 received a mixture containing chloroprocaine, 1.5 per cent, and bupivacaine, 0.375 per cent. Observations relating to the characteristics of the anesthetic block and to maternal and fetal well-being were made by a trained nurse observer. Times to onset of analgesia, times to maximum block, and adequacies of analgesia were similar in all groups. Bupivacaine lasted significantly longer than chloroprocaine or the mixture (68 versus 50 and 52 min, respectively, for the first injection), and caused the least motor block. No clinical superiority could be demonstrate for the mixture as compared with bupivacaine or chloroprocaine used individually. There was no sign of material or fetal toxicity with any of the three treatment regimens.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of a chloroprocaine--bupivacaine mixture with chloroprocaine and bupivacaine used individually for obstetric epidural analgesia. 48 90

Blood concentrations of glucose, lactate, alanine, free fatty acids, glycerol and 3-hydroxybutyrate were measured during 24 h in 12 females undergoing elective hysterectomy under either general anaesthesia or epidural analgesia extending from T4 to S5. The results showed that the peroperative and immediate postoperative metabolic profiles in the group receiving general anaesthesia reflected substrate mobilization (increased glucose, lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate), and that epidural analgesia blocked these changes, probably mediated through an inhibited adrenaline response to surgery. Peroperative values of free fatty acids and glycerol were significantly lowered by epidural analgesia, indicating inhibition of lipolysis. Alanine decreased similarly in both groups. In the later postoperative period metabolic profiles were similar in two groups, indicating that the influence of fasting may override the effect of the relatively minor trauma.
 ...
PMID:Effect of epidural analgesia on metabolic profiles during and after surgery. 48 11

In a retrospective study a comparison was made of the doses of Fentanyl used by anaesthetists to induce and maintain neurolept analgesia for a variety of surgical operations (158 cases). Dosages differed widely both for different surgical procedures and for different anaesthetists. A method, based on pharmacokinetic considerations, was developed for calculating Fentanyl requirements during any stage of anaesthesia. The dose/time relation, as represented by y = At + B (1--e-kt) makes it possible to calculate the required doses of Fentanyl; this enables the anaesthetist to maintain a stable level of anaesthesia and makes antagonization of Fentanyl unnecessary. Methods for determining the coefficients of the dose-time equation are described. Simulation by an analogue computer showed that by using the suggested procedure substantial variations of Fentanyl concentration in the brain and other body compartments can be avoided.
 ...
PMID:[An attempt to determine optimum dosage of fentanyl in neurolept analgesia (author's transl)]. 49 24

The following report of our experience using isobaric Bupivacaine 0.5% in 6,228 operations (intrathecal technique) will consider the intra operative period. In 55.8% of cases the lower extremities were operated upon and in 44.2% the lower abdomen. In 1,487 cases (23.9%) side effects/complications were evident and a classification of such is as follows: anaesthetic technique 5.29%, cardiorespiratory 15.69%, operator/operative technique 6.13%. The percentage remained relatively constant irrespective of age but a higher pre op risk classification (A.S.A. System) resulted in a marked increase in the above figures. The principal side effects encountered were as follows: Bradycardia 7.5%, hypotonia 6.3%, insufficient analgesia 3.9%, extrasystoles 2.9%. Grave complications occured in 0.15% and within this group 4 patients died intraoperatively; a relationship with the mode of anaesthesia has not been proven.
 ...
PMID:[Spinal anaesthesia using bupivacain--clinical experience of more than 6000 cases (author's transl)]. 49 24

Althesin was used as a induction agent then diluted and administered as a controlled infusion for 60 patients undergoing 66 procedures. Increment doses of fentanyl were given to provide additional analgesia. There was delayed awakening in 7 patients (12.1%), 3 of whom responded rapidly to narcotic reversal with naloxone. Intracerebral pathology and surgical trauma contributed to the slow recovery in the other 4 patients. Evidence is presented that Althesin infusions reduce the narcotic requirement. Althesin anaesthesia provides good neurosurgical conditions without delay in recovery.
 ...
PMID:Althesin for neuroanaesthesia. 50 50

The effect of a high epidural blockade on postoperative sodium (Na) retention has been studied in 8 patients undergoing cholecystectomy, with a further 8 patients, who received conventional anaesthesia and analgesia, acting as a control group. Preoperatively, all the patients received 90 mmol of Na per day and were in Na balance at the start of operation; this intake was continued for 48 h after the operation by intravenous infusion, and the epidural blockade was maintained with regular supplements of bupivacaine throughout. In addition to urine Na excretion and blood pressure changes, plasma levels of aldosterone, cortisol, renin activity and glucose were measured at appropriate intervals. The Na retention in both the epidural and control groups was the same (139 mmol and 135 mmol respectively at 48 h), but there were significant differences in the measurements of all the other factors. It is concluded that the epidural was providing effective blockade, but that the factors which cause Na retention were not affected by the epidural blockade. These results are at variance with another study of the effect of epidural blockade on postoperative Na retention (Bevan, 1971), and the possible reasons for this are discussed.
 ...
PMID:The effect of epidural analgesia on postoperative sodium balance. 50 60


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>