Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of 0.5% bupivacaine 1.5, 2 and 3 ml in 8% glucose was compared in a double-blind study involving 30 patients undergoing spinal analgesia. The time to the onset of maximum segmental spread of analgesia was approximately 15 min for all three volumes. Cephalad spread of analgesia was related to the volume used: 1.5 ml reached T10, 2 ml T8 and 3 ml T7. The duration of analgesia increased with increasing volume, 3 ml producing analgesia in T8-T12 for 1.5-2 h, and in the lumbar region for 2.5-3 h. Increasing the volume increased the extent of motor blockade and speeded up its onset. Significant decreases in arterial pressure were observed in the 2- and 3-ml groups. The changes in heart rate were moderate and not correlated with the amount of drug. Spinal headache occurred in two patients.
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PMID:Spinal analgesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine: effects of volume of solution. 703 57

In the elderly, anaesthesia and surgery are associated with higher perioperative mortality and morbidity as compared to younger patients. There is some evidence that spinal anaesthesia may improve the postoperative state of elderly patients. A prospective study was performed to elucidate the effects of age on the characteristics of spinal anaesthesia with isobaric 2% mepivacaine. METHODS. Forty-six patients aged between 17 and 39 years and 48 elderly patients aged between 76 and 87 years having operations on the lower extremities or lower abdomen were investigated. All patients received 4.5 ml plain mepivacaine 2% (90 mg) as a subarachnoid injection in the L3-4 interspace in the sitting position. The patients were turned supine immediately after the injection. Time of onset, extent and duration of analgesia, motor block, and cardiovascular responses were assessed. The segmental level of sensory loss was tested using the pin-prick method. RESULTS. It was found that the time to maximal motor blockade was significantly decreased in the older age group compared to the younger group (7.9 vs 11.5 min). In the older group, the time to maximum spread was significantly shorter (11.4 vs 13.6 min). A significantly higher sensory block was obtained in the older group (T8 vs T10). The mean duration of analgesia or motor blockade did not differ significantly (200.7 vs 192.8 min). There were no unacceptably high degrees of spinal blockade. In the older group there was a tendency to a greater decrease in systolic arterial pressure as compared to preanaesthetic values (23.7% vs 16.3%) and greater falls in diastolic blood pressure were observed in the older group (22.1% vs 14.4%). A greater volume of lactated Ringer's solution was necessary in the older group (14.8 vs 10.3 ml/kg). Postspinal headache was encountered in 3 patients in the younger group and 2 in the older group. DISCUSSION. It is concluded that there was a tendency for greater spread of spinal analgesia with isobaric 2% mepivacaine in the elderly. The clinical significance of this finding is limited. In elderly patients hypotension is more common than in younger patients, but might not be related solely to age or extent of the neural blockade.
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PMID:[The effect of age on the spread of spinal anesthesia using isobaric 2% mepivacaine]. 848 Sep 3