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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transurethral balloon dilatation of the prostate has been shown to be a safe and potentially effective alternative to surgery in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, with a 66% success rate in relatively unselected patients. This study hypothesized that more careful patient selection might result in a significantly better rate of improvement. Ninety-one subjects with symptoms and signs of prostatism attributable to benign prostatic hyperplasia were studied. Group 1 comprised 42 patients with an initial mean symptom score of 16.8, residual urine of 249 ml, maximal flow rate of 7.9 ml/sec, and nomogram of maximal flow rate of -1.5. Group 2 comprised 49 less symptomatic patients with an initial mean symptom score of 14.5, residual urine of 105 ml, maximal flow rate of 10.7 ml/sec, and nomogram of maximal flow rate of -0.8. The difference in mean age and prostate size between groups was not statistically significant, but differences in baseline symptom score, residual urine, maximal flow rate, and nomogram of maximal flow rate were significant (p less than .04). Transurethral balloon dilatation of the prostate was performed under local anesthesia or IV sedation and analgesia with single-or double-balloon catheters with maximal diameters of 25-30 mm inflated to 2.5-4.0 atmospheres pressure for 10 min. Patients were followed up with repeat symptom scoring, uroflometry, and measurement of residual urine. After a mean follow-up of 22 months (range, 6-48 months), an improvement in symptom score was seen in 80% of group 2 patients compared with 43% in group 1. Improvement in symptom scores was statistically significant in both groups (p less than .04). We conclude that transurethral balloon dilatation of the prostate is more effective in patients with more moderate symptoms and with less marked signs of obstruction than in patients with more marked prostatism.
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PMID:Transurethral balloon dilatation of the prostatic urethra: effectiveness in highly selected patients with prostatism. 171 75

This thesis contains studies on the prerequisites for fluid absorption during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and suggestions on its prevention. The pressure gradient bladder-prostatic fossa to pelvic veins and its relation to fluid absorption were studied in patients using a sensitive detection technique with a radionuclide. It is concluded that to prevent fluid entering the vascular system, the bladder pressure should be kept below the pressure in the pelvic veins. The physical properties of the irrigating jet of resectoscopes were investigated in model experiments including an artificial, "bleeding" prostatic fossa. The dynamic pressure of the jet amounts to only 1-3% of the driving head and thus is of marginal importance in fluid absorption. The effect of various flow rates on the optical field was also demonstrated. In patients with prostatism epidural and spinal analgesia increased the bladder capacity but always with a corresponding increase in bladder pressure. In a preliminary study a correlation was found between the minimum urethral resistance and the compliance of the detrusor during epidural analgesia. This may suggest a relation between prostatic obstruction and changes of the viscoelastic properties of the bladder wall. The effects of various irrigating flow rates on the pressure-volume response of the bladder and its relation to the pressure in the pelvic veins was also investigated. From this study it was concluded that the detrusor response was unaffected by flow rates used during TURP. The critical bladder pressure above which fluid is absorbed changed with the position of the patient. In the Trendelenburg (20 degrees) position it was 0.25 kPa (approximately equal to 2.5 cmH2O), increasing to 1.25 kPa in the horizontal and 1.75 kPa in the half-sitting (20 degrees) position. To prevent absorption bladder pressure must be monitored. A simple pressure warning device with an adjustable warning level and which can be combined with any irrigating technique is presented. Irrigation with a large driving head may thus be combined with a low pressure resection.
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PMID:Prevention of irrigating fluid absorption during transurethral resection of the prostate. 620 90