Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double-blind, between-patient, two-dose comparison was comparison was performed with pethidine and nefopam in 100 subjects, the majority of whom were recovering from upper abdominal surgery. Either 15 or 30 mg of nefopam or 50 or 100 mg of pethidine were given by i.m. injection in a random order. All assessments were made by the same observer on the first day after operation, at least 4 h after the previous analgesic injection. Nefopam 15 mg was equipotent with pethidine 50 mg, peak analgesia being achieved 1 h after the i.m. injection. Pethidine 100 mg provided significantly better pain relief than nefopam 30 mg, the latter being not more effective than nefopam 15 mg apart from the duration of analgesia which was longer. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was similar after both drugs. Sweating and tachycardia were observed more frequently after nefopam, whereas sedative side-effects were more common after pethidine.
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PMID:Comparison of nefopam and pethidine in postoperative pain. 33 83

In a double-blind investigation of the efficacy on pain following abdominal or orthopaedic surgery, meptazinol 100 mg, a new hexahydroazepine derivative, was found to be equipotent with pentazocine 60 mg and pethidine 100 mg when given i.m. Analgesia was maximal 30-60 min after injection and was still present at the end of 2 h. The duration of action of meptazinol was estimated to be 4 h. Meptazinol produced less sedation and a greater sparing of lung function tests than did pethidine and pentazocine. When meptazinol or morphine was administered for further pain relief in a single-blind manner there was no evidence of patient preference for one drug or the other.
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PMID:Analgesia after operation. A controlled comparison of meptazinol, pentazocine and pethidine. 33 84

Astra 2337 ketocaine-soaked pads applied to the skin surface produced analgesia adequate for split skin graft cutting 85 out of 86 patients. In 86 per cent, the analgesia was completely satisfactory; a few had some discomfort or pain but all could tolerate this. Application for 1 hour is time enough, but the effect lasts for at least 8 hours and probably longer. Apart from occasional redness and oedema of the skin, no adverse effects wer noted and the blood levels of absorbed ketocaine were far below the toxic level. This simple effective technique is of great value, particularly in such cases as burns who require multiple grafting operations and in whom repeated general anaesthetics can have such adverse effect.
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PMID:Skin surface application of ketocaine to provide local anaesthesia for cutting split skin grafts. 33 67

A prospective trial was designed to assess the effectiveness of three different concentrations of bupivacaine (Marcain) for use in obstetric epidural analgesia. The purpose of the study was to see if reduction of the concentration of bupivacaine to 0.125% would reduce the total dose of the drug given without reducing the efficiency of the epidural block. The concentrations studies were 0.125%, 0.25% and 0.375%. The trial was limited to fit primiparous patients at term with singleton pregnancies and vertex presentation. Patients with intercurrent medical disease or with toxaemia were excluded. A total of ninety-three patients were studied, and once admitted to the trial they were randomly allocated to one of the three concentrations. In general the results of the trial show that 0.125% bupivacaine had a significantly higher failure rate than either of the other two concentrations, but in those cases where 0.125% was effective and achieved total pain relief there was a significant reduction in the amount of the drug used.
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PMID:0.125% bupivacaine for obstetric analgesia? 34 30

The analgesic efficacy of fendosal, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent structurally related to salicylic acid, was compared with that of aspirin and placebo in 100 patients with postpartum uterine pain in a single oral dose, parallel, stratified, randomized, double-blind design. With 650 mg aspirin and with 200 or 400 mg fendosal, but not with 100 mg, analgesic effects, as measured subjectively by mean pain intensity scores, began within 1 hr and had similar time-effect patterns for the first 4 or 5 hr. Thereafter with the 2 higher doses of fendosal analgesia contimued to increase, reaching a peak at 6 hr (p less than 0.05) and persisting beyond 7 hr (p less than 0.01), whereas there was no aspirin analgesia after the fifth hour. With 100 mg fendosal time of onset tended to be delayed 2 hr or more, and duration was short. The most effective treatment (largest mean 7-hr sum of pain intensity difference [SPID] scores) was 400 mg fendosal (p less than 0.01); 200 mg fendosal was rated second (p less than 0.01), 650 mg aspirin, third (p less than 0.05), 100 mg fendosal, fourth, and placebo, fifth. There was no significant side effects. These results demonstrate the efficacy of single doses of fendosal as well as the dose-dependent magnitude and time course of effects on postpartum uterine pain.
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PMID:Fendosal and aspirin in postpartum uterine pain. 34 68

Oral naproxen in doses of 500 mg and 750 mg daily was compared with oral indomethacin, 75 mg daily, in a double-blind, completely randomized study of patients with post-operative pain after out-patients varicose vein surgery. Altogether, 120 patients were studied. In the study 750 mg naproxen proved to be equal in respect of analgesic efficacy to 75 mg indomethacin, and it was clearly superior to 1500 mg acetylsalicylic acid. Naproxen, 500 to 750 mg daily, afforded adequate post-operative analgesia in 98% of patients. The side-effects were mild. On the basis of the study, naproxen can be recommended as a pain-relieving drug after minor surgery, particularly when an antiphlogistic effect is also desirable.
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PMID:A comparison of naproxen, indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid in pain after varicose vein surgery. 34 88

Stimulation of the brain has been shown to effectively suppress the clinical pain states due to central nervous system lesions. The effective stimulation site is within the somatosensory system. Stimulation in the periventricular gray matter can produce profound analgesia and effective clinical relief of chronic pain states when they are due to lesions involving the peripheral structures. This system probably is effected by activating a descending tract in the dorsal lateral fasiculus of the spinal cord impinging upon neurons in lamina 5 and lamina 1 of the dorsal bone. Stimulation in this system has not been found to be effective in patients with central lesions, which might have been anticipated in view of the anatomical relationships presented.
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PMID:Brain stimulation for the suppression of the intractable pain. 34 15

Analgesia through nefopam (30 mg, 60 mg, 90 mg), aspirin (325 mg, 650 mg), and placebo were compared in 122 hospitalized patients with moderate to severe postoperative, fracture, or other somatic pain. A double-blind noncrossover study design was used, and patients were evaluated for pain intensity and pain relief over a 6-hr period. Based on sum of pain intensity differences (SPID) scores, treatment effects were consistent and indicative of good dose response to both active medications. Pain relief scores were more variable but were generally in accordance with SPID values. Time-effect curves were similar. Estimated relative potency of nefopam to aspirin was 10.4 with a 95% confidence interval of 6.3 to 20.8 for SPID, indicating that the analgesic potency of nefopam, 60 mg, was equivalent to that of aspirin, 650 mg. Side effects were minimal.
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PMID:Oral nefopam and aspirin. 35 16

Pethidine is commonly used in single doses as a preoperative medication or in multiple doses as an analgesic. The clinical consequences of altered disposition are more likely to result from its analgesic use. Correlations between plasma pethidine concentration, analgesia and side effects such as respiratory depression, have been established, but considerable overlap exists between concentrations producing therapeutic and non-therapeutic effects. The current practice of intermittent pethidine administration (intravenous, intramuscular and oral) for analgesia results in fluctuations in pethidine plasma concentrations which are associated with incomplete pain relief and side effects. Continuous intravenous infusion of pethidine may avoid these difficulties. Changes in pethidine disposition have been observed in patients with liver disease and in the elderly. Measurement of plasma pethidine concentrations may be helpful as an aid to the management of such patients. In renal disease, metabolites may accumulate and cause side effects.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacokinetics of pethidine. 35 12

In a preliminary open study of salsalate (3 g daily for 4 weeks) in 61 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthrosis, it was found that although the drug produced satisfactory analgesia in 64% of patients, the incidence of side-effects was high (57% of patients): most were symptoms of salicylism and probably related to the high plasma salicylate levels achieved. In a second open study, 20 patients with osteoarthrosis were treated for 4 weeks with 250 mg diflunisal twice daily and then crossed over to salsalate (3 g daily) for a further 2 weeks. The results of subjective assessments of pain relief showed that both drugs produced satisfactory analgesia, and neither was associated with a significant level of gastro-intestinal bleeding. During the diflunisal treatment period there were no reports of salicylism, and plasma salicylate levels were very much lower than those measured after salsalate. The pain relieving effects of both drugs, assessed from patient preference for one or the other treatment, were unrelated to the plasma salicylate levels and it is suggested that plasma levels may have more relationship to the incidence of side-effects than with therapeutic effects.
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PMID:Relationship of plasma salicylate levels to pain relief with two different salicylates. 35 53


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