Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the rat, oxotremorine increases the threshold for vocalisation after-discharge (affective component of pain reactions) dose dependently at subtremor doses (30-67 mug/kg s.c.). Doses of 225-506 mug/kg were needed to elevate the thresholds for vocalisation and motor response. 1-Tryptophan, PCPA, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, 1-Dopa, pimozide and LSD-25 did not affect the antinociceptive activity of oxotremorine, while phenocybenzamine slightly increased the threshold for vocalisation. Oxotremorine did not change the endogenous brain concentrations of noradrenaline and dopamine or 5-HT but decreased that of 5-HIAA in all brain regions at the time of maximal analgesia. The decrease of 5-HIAA was still present after pretreatment with probenecid. After inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase, oxotremorine accelerated the depletion of dopamine in telencephalic cortex during maximal antinociceptive activity and of noradrenaline in all brain regions at a time when this activity had vanished. Atropine significantly antagonized the analgesic activity of oxotremorine. It is concluded that oxotremorine antinociceptive activity in the rat is related to a cholinergic compoent, while a monoaminergic component is not directly involved.
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PMID:Antinociceptive action of oxotremorine and regional turnover of rat brain noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-HT. 23 55

For pain relief after thoracotomy, intercostal nerve block with etidocaine 1% and bupivacaine 0.5%, both containing adrenaline 5 mug/ml, was used. Duration of skin analgesia for sharp pain was around 11 hours for both solutions. Post-operative pain was noted 6 and 5 hours after injection for etidocaine and bupivacaine respectively. No pathological changes in acid-base balance or ventilation were observed. Peak expiratory flow decreased to 35-40% of the pre-operative values and remained at this level for about 12 hours. Arterial and venous blood levels of the local anaesthetics were low and no signs of toxicity were noted. All patients experienced a certain pain relief from the blocks. Because of shoulder pain in some patients intercostal nerve block alone does not seem to be a perfect post-operative method for pain relief after thoracotomies.
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PMID:Etidocaine in intercostal nerve block for pain relief after thoracotomy; a comparison with bupivacaine. 24 Nov 97

A method for the assessment of induced regional dental analgesia in experimental animals is described. It is based on the validity of the electrodentally elicited digastric electromyogram as a pain index. This method has been applied to study the effectiveness of one local anesthetic and of "electroacupuncture" to suppress pain regionally.
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PMID:An experimental evaluation of regionally induced analgesia in dentistry. 26 33

The authors report their experience in the treatment of essential facial neuralgia by differential thermocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion. This method is based upon the fact that small pain fibres (A delta and C) are more sensitive to warmth than large touch fibres. Thus progressive and controlled thermocoagulation of the trigeminal ganglion makes it possible to obtain selective destruction of the small fibres (analgesia without anaesthesia). 76 patients were treated using the method, and in 75 cases the symptoms of neuralgia disappeared immediately. Mortality is nil and morbidity insignificant other than the effects on the trigeminal nerve. The most serious complication (Approximately 10% of cases) was that of marked hypoaesthesia, rather than pure analgesia, in the coagulated area.
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PMID:[Treatment of essential facial neuralgia by selective thermocoagulation of Gasser's ganglion]. 27 Jul 94

An attempt was made to explore the possibility of using the masticatory muscle reflexes as pain indices in human subjects. It was found that the digastric reflex, so readily evoked by electrodental stimulation in experimental animals, could not be consistently elicited in man. The reflex silent period of the masseteric muscles, on the other hand, may be used as a pain index for evaluating dental analgesia, provided that analgesic interference is anticipated at points along the reflex arc.
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PMID:Correlative study of pain perception and masticatory muscle reflexes in man. 27 Dec 88

In a survey of 50 women delivered consecutively in a modern maternity hospital, 45 suffered severe and/or very severe pain. This followed an average of just over five hours of mild or moderate pain, and lasted for an average of 3 1/4 hours, in spite of pain relief. Intramuscular pethidine, which tended to be given late in labour, was notably ineffective in relieving pain. Epidural analgesia was highly effective, but was used in only 10 patients, and after an average of 5 1/2 hours of severe or very severe pain. A majority of primiparas found the pain more severe or much more severe than they had been led to expect, and only 34% of the sample were "quite happy" about their next labour, with regard to pain. It is suggested that there is room for improvement.
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PMID:Pain and pain relief in labour. 27 86

Eight patients suffering from severe ergotamine-induced peripheral ischaemia were transferred to our institution for hyperbaric oxygen treatment after unsuccessful therapy in the primary hospital. The patients were exposed to 3 ATBS oxygen for 1 hour 2-3 times daily and they were given an epidural block for the purpose of analgesia where there was severe pain. The circulation and vitality of tissue were restored in all patients. One had tarsal amputations performed half a year later. Hyperbaric oxygen in combination with epidural analgesia is recommended in severe cases of ergotism.
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PMID:Ergotism treated with hyperbaric oxygen and continuous epidural analgesia. 27 60

In view of the relevance of the mylohyoid nerve to clinical difficulties in achieving deep analgesia of the lower incisors, a dissection study was undertaken. Dissection from twenty-six adult cadavers of both sexes were studied with the aid of a dissecting microscope. The following observations were made: (1) A supplementary branch of the mylohyoid nerve entered the mandible through accessory foramina in the lingual side of the mandibular symphysis in 50% of the cases. (2) It generally arose from the right side (76.9%) and entered the inferior retromental foramen (84.6%). (3) The mylohyoid nerve branch either ended directly in the incisor teeth and the gingiva or joined the ipsilateral or contralateral incisive nerve. In view of this information concerning the high incidence of possible involvement of the mylohyoid nerve in mandibular sensory innervation, it is advisable to block it whenever intervention in the lower incisors is indicated. Routine mylohyoid injection is recommended after mental nerve block. If the inferior alveolar nerve is chosen for anesthetic purposes, additional mylohyoid injection should be given only if pain persists. The mylohyoid injection should be given at the inferior retromental foramen on the median aspect of the inferior border of the mandible through extraoral approach.
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PMID:Clinical significance of supplementary innervation of the lower incisor teeth: a dissection study of the mylohyoid nerve. 28 Aug 55

The nature of dental problems peculiar to narcotic addicts is discussed. A high caries rate and severe periodontal disease are common and can be attributed to a combination of dietary considerations and oral neglect. Loss of customary accompanying analgesia may complicate an attempted withdrawal programme. An approach to dental treatment of the narcotic addict is suggested. This should aim primarily at relief of pain and be carried out in consultation with the drug treatment centre. The risk posed by these patients of transmission of Hepatitis B is emphasized.
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PMID:Dental implications of narcotic addiction. 28 33

A survey of 100 consecutive patients suggests that, overall, ophthalmic surgery is not as painful postoperatively as general surgery. Cataracts are largely painless. Retinal detachments may sometimes give rise to postoperative pain like that in general surgery, but the numbers available are not yet sufficient for statistical analysis. Routine postoperative analgesia for encirclement procedures in retinal detachment patients should be considered for at least the first 18 hours after operation.
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PMID:Postoperative pain in ophthalmology. 28 49


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