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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of the fluorinated benzodiazepine compound flunitrazepam were studied in eighty patients. The drug was administered intravenously in a standard dose of 2 mg, 3 mg, or 4 mg to supplement lumbar epidural analgesia. Induction was smooth and pleasant. The sleep onset time was dose related and exceeded one minute in the majority of patients. Sleep was invariably produced in patients receiving 4 mg but at lower dosage some patients failed to become unconscious. Pain in the arm during injection was a common feature. The respiratory rate was slightly increased, but in two patients apnoea occurred at induction. The cardiovascular system was minimally depressed with a small decrease in systolic blood pressure and pulse rate. Recovery from sleep was slow but sequelae were minimal. The sedative and amnesic properties contributed significantly to the high rate of patient acceptance.
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PMID:Intravenous flunitrazepam as an anesthetic induction agent. 1 Jul 52

Two comparable groups of ten patients were studied. After nitrous oxide-oxygen fentanyl-pancuronium anesthesia, half the patients were reversed with a titrated dose of naloxone. Even in titrated doses naloxone rapidly abolished residual post-operative fentanyl analgesia in 80 p. 100 of the patients. In the control group none of the patients complained of pain for an average of six to eight hours. Blood gases in the recovery room were practically the same in reversed and non-reversed patients and were satisfactory.
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PMID:[Effects of naloxone on postoperative analgesia]. 1 85

From the results of clinical and basic research, there is clear evidence that acupuncture analgesia is closely associated with the nervous system, especially the central nervous system. Stimulation of certain acupuncture loci which have been used for analgesia during operations also can calm the withdrawal symptoms of morphine and heroin addicts. Acupuncture analgesia can be antagonized by the specific narcotic antagonist, naloxone. These findings suggest the factor or factors produced by acupuncture stimulation would also have agonist activity on opiate receptors. Moreover, the morphine receptors are most concentrated in those parts of the brain concerned with perception of pain and the pathway of acupuncture stimulation. Since the opiate receptors are associated with the synaptic fraction of brain cell membrane preparations, the natural ligand of these receptors may be a neurotransmitter. Enkephalin has stronger binding affinity to opiate receptors than morphine, which suggests that it is the natural ligand for these receptors. In other words, enkephalin might be the natural "pain killer" produced in the brain to suppress pain. If we summate all the information available now, it is possible to suggest that enkephalin may be the product of the nervous system released by acupuncture stimulation to create an analgesic effect as well as suppress opiate withdrawal symptoms.
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PMID:Enkephalin, drug addiction and acupuncture. 1 49

The authors report on 50 surgical or endoscopic cases in which local or regional anaesthesia was completed with a combination of diazepam and pentazocine (Pentazapam). This "diazanalgesia" was performed either as a routine or as a complement to regional anaesthesia (mostly an epidural) in which restlessness or insufficient analgesia were noted. Both drugs are injected separately. Diazepam being used to combat anxiety and pentazocine to allay pain. Sedation was considered to be sufficient in 43 cases out of 50 and analgesia in 47 cases out of 50. In all but one case, recovery was calm. In 24 cases, the patients regained consciensness quickly. There was only little effect on respiratory frequency, blood gases, blood pressure or cardiac rate. Thus, pentazepam combination can be considered as a useful method of "wake diazanalgesia" as far as it is used to complement a local or regional anaesthesia. This technique seems particularly useful in the aged or bad risk patient because of its moderate cardiovascular or respiratory aciton.
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PMID:[Use of the diazepam-pentazocine (pentazepam) combination in anesthesiology]. 1 78

Neuroleptic analgesia, which is used for the major part of the conduct of labour, has the advantage of abolishing the pain of uterine contractions without altering the mother's state of consciousness. A study of the effects of droperidol together with phenoperidine on the mother and the child has been carried out. Clinical results, the parameters of the intra-uterine pressure curves and the fetal heart rates as well as of the acid base balance and the pO2 of the mother and infant during dilatation of the cervix and the two first hours of life have been monitored. The conclusion is that neuroleptic analgesia does not cause neonatal depression and can be used as a method for conducting labour so long as very strict monitoring conditions are applied.
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PMID:[Neuroleptic analgesia in the management of labor]. 2 Dec 3

Experimental evidence is reviewed showing that brain and spinal cord serotonergic neurons are involved in nociceptive responses, as well as in the analgesic effects of opiate narcotics. This evidence, based on studies employing pharmacological, surgical, electrophysiological, and dietary manipulations of central nervous system serotonergic neurotransmission, suggests that increases in the activity of brain and spinal cord serotonin neurons are associated with analgesia and enhanced antinociceptive drug potency, whereas decreases in the activities of these neurons correlate with hyperalgesia and diminished analgesic drug potency.
Pain 1977 Oct
PMID:Serotonin-containing neurons: their possible role in pain and analgesia. 2 60

Lesions of ventral tegmental area, localised in the region of A 10 group of dopaminergic mesolimbic neurons decreased the pain threshold in rats. The absolute threshold values in morphine treated animals with the above lesion were lower than in sham-operated controls, however, the thresholds expressed as percentage of predrug threshold values did not differ in both lesioned and sham-operated animals. It is thought, that lesions of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons decrease the pain threshold due to the increase of general excitability of animals, and that there is no direct involvement of the lesioned structure in the primary mechanism of morphine analgesia.
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PMID:The effects of lesion of mesolimbic dopamine neurons on pain threshold and morphine analgesia in rats. 2 47

A study of 12 patients suffering from chronic lumbar pain led to a comparison of the results of treatment with traditional acupuncture and that with transcutaneous electrical stimulation. The degree and quality of pain, as well as the duration of relief after treatment, were analyzed in an attempt to differentiate between the two forms of analgesia. Statistical analysis of the two methods showed no significant difference. Not only did they appear to have the same therapeutic merit, but it would also seem reasonable to suppose that they have a common mechanism at their origin. Intense stimulation of trigger points followed by relief of pain led us to compare them to acupuncture zones both in terms of topography and characteristics. There was a certain analogy of distribution, associated with a similarity of expression which led us to consider that these two techniques were possibly related to the same neurological process.
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PMID:[Modes of action of various aspects of analgesia by stimulation]. 2 40

This report concerns the current status of the results of intraencephalic implantations carried out up to the present time in man with the aim of relieving certain forms of chronic pain. It places little emphasis upon the neuro-physiological basis of these implantations, which have been studied at length during previous reports. After presenting the overall results of operations carried out in the world up until September 1967, a critical study is undertaken: 1--In relation to the targets (Postero-Lateral Ventral Nucleus, posterior arm of the internal capsule, para-ventricular thalamic grey matter). 2--In relation to etiologies, both analytically (syndrome) by syndrome as well as in terms of synthesis (excess of pain perception-deafferentation). 3--In terms of various factors, such as: --technical requirements; --side ffects; --duration of "post effect" (residual analgesia after stimulation); --parallel action of drugs. Conclusions are drawn concerning future perspectives of this technique.
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PMID:[Chronic intracerebral electric stimulation for analgesia in man]. 2 42

Management of the chronic pain of cancer is a common and difficult problem. In addition to a medical examination of the patient, it is necessary to perform a psychological assessment of his premorbid personality, current mental status, and coping mechanisms to devise an individualized approach to his pain. The mainstay of cancer pain control are the narcotics, which differ primarily in potency and duration of action. Nonnarcotic analgesics are equianalgesic with the less potent narcotics. Antipsychotic drugs are useful as tranquilizers, antiemetics, and analgesic potentiators. Antidepressants and hypnotics permit the patient a more normal life-style. Stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines both potentiate narcotic analgesia and reduce narcotic-induced somnolence and respiratory depression. Tetrahydrocannabinol offers no advantage over traditional analgesics. With care and patience, the physician can render practically any cancer patient pain-free.
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PMID:Medical management of chronic cancer pain. 3 26


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