Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Flupirtine maleate 100 mg was compared with dihydrocodeine 60 mg when given by mouth to 50 women on the first 3 days following abdominal hysterectomy in a double-blind parallel-group trial. The analgesia produced was similar for both preparations, and the consumption of active drug was the same in both groups. The only significant differences in side-effects were an increased frequency of depression in patients receiving flupirtine and of sleepiness in those receiving dihydrocodeine.
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PMID:Comparison of flupirtine maleate and dihydrocodeine in patients following surgery. 634 37

Eighty fit adults having elective abdominal hysterectomy or cholecystectomy received buprenorphine or morphine intravenously at the start of peritoneal closure, in a randomised double-blind trial. The anaesthetic sequence precluded the use of other narcotic analgesics. Pain scores were lower in patients who received buprenorphine, as were the cumulative numbers of patients withdrawn from the trial at each interval because of pain, statistical significance being achieved at all intervals from one to seven hours after administration. Unexpectedly, patients having the upper abdominal procedure were more likely to receive satisfactory analgesia than those having abdominal hysterectomy. Vomiting occurred more commonly after buprenorphine, and mean respiratory rates were slightly lower. However, the differences were not statistically significant. One patient with protracted drowsiness and slow respiratory rate after buprenorphine received naloxone. No serious side-effects were noted. Buprenorphine 4-6 micrograms/kg provided adequate postoperative analgesia of greater duration than could be achieved with morphine, and the potency of buprenorphine when administered in this way was at least 33 times that of morphine.
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PMID:A comparison of morphine and buprenorphine for analgesia after abdominal surgery. 639 18

Fentanyl or alfentanil (at a dose ten times that of fentanyl) was administered to fifty healthy patients undergoing elective surgery. They were given in a double-blind manner for analgesia in a total intravenous anaesthesia technique to see if differences existed in their respiratory depressant, analgesic or sedative effects. They were combined in the same syringe with etomidate and given by intravenous bolus injection followed by a continuous intravenous infusion. Analgesia was generally adequate for the operations in this study. Respiratory depression (respiratory rate less than ten) lasted about ten minutes after drug administration, ceased in all patients. The return of respiratory rate, consciousness, and psychomotor performance to control was similar in the groups receiving fentanyl or alfentanil. This study showed that alfentanil and fentanyl have equivalent potency and duration of action when used in a ten to one ratio. Furthermore, the technique provided good operating conditions but there was a high incidence of postoperative drowsiness, nausea and vomiting.
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PMID:[Double-blind testing of alfentanyl and fentanyl in total intravenous anesthesia]. 642 98

The SUR 2647 combination is a sachet formulation containing free paracetamol and its N-acetyl-methionate ester (SUR 2647). In a randomized, single-blind, between-patient study the onset of analgesia, duration and efficacy of the SUR 2647 combination vs paracetamol was investigated in out-patients after oral surgery. One group (n = 27) received sachets of SUR 2647 combination 2 b.i.d. (equivalent to 2 g paracetamol X 2) on the day of operation, and one sachet b.i.d. (equivalent to 1 g paracetamol X 2) for the following two days. The other group (n = 26) received paracetamol tablets 2 q.i.d. on the day of operation (1 g X 4) and one tablet q.i.d. (0.5 g X 4) for the following two days. Several objective and subjective assessments, including pain score on a visual analogue scale, were recorded for comparison of the postoperative courses. Median onset of analgesia for both groups was less than or equal to 0.5 h. The duration after SUR 2647 combination was greater than or equal to 5.5 h as compared to greater than or equal to 2.5 h for paracetamol. Mean pain scores showed that the SUR 2647 combination regime reduced pain significantly more than the paracetamol regime from 0.5 to 3.0 h after initiation of medication. The mean pain scores did not show a significant difference during the remaining observation period. Mild to moderate drowsiness was reported in both treatment groups, but it was more common in subjects given SUR 2647 combination.
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PMID:Comparison of a traditional paracetamol medication and a new paracetamol/paracetamol-methionine ester combination. 646 71

Intrathecal ketamine, which has not previously been described in man, has been administered to 16 patients with war injuries of the lower limbs. The first five received varying doses from 5 to 50 mg in a volume of 3 ml of 5% dextrose, to determine a dose-response curve (Group 1). The optimal dose was then administered to a further 11 patients who received ketamine 50 mg in a volume of 3 ml in 5% dextrose with the addition of adrenaline 0.1 mg (Group 2). A distinct sensory level was obtained in all patients. In Group 2, nine of the eleven patients obtained satisfactory surgical analgesia and two required supplementation with local anaesthetic. Central effects (drowsiness, dizziness, and nystagmus) also occurred in nine patients, but they remained conscious throughout; one patient experienced no central effects, and one patient developed dissociative anaesthesia. Central effects were more intense the higher level of block. There were no significant changes in mean systolic arterial blood pressure, pulse, or respiratory rates. Surgical analgesia for the blocked dermatomes lasted for a mean of 58 minutes (range 45-90), and recovery was complete and uncomplicated; mild generalised analgesia persisted for a further one to three hours following return of sensation. Ketamine alone did not produce motor block, but addition of adrenaline resulted in complete motor block, and may have intensified sensory blockade. Motor loss persisted for the same duration as surgical analgesia. Adrenaline neither delayed the onset of central effects, nor reduced their intensity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Intrathecal ketamine for war surgery. A preliminary study under field conditions. 649 99

Two case reports are presented of patients with post-thoracotomy pain treated with epidural morphine who developed somnolence several hours after the procedure. Physostigmine, 1 mg IV successfully reversed the somnolence without any effect on analgesia.
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PMID:The reversal of epidural morphine induced somnolence with physostigmine. 649 85

Analgesia with nitrous oxide and oxygen (Entonox) has been found to give adequate pain relief for 90 minor casualty procedures in over 90% of cases at moderate altitude. It was self administered except in six patients. Children between 6 and 10 years of age comprised 14% of patients, and the majority of the remainder were young adults. Additional analgesia was required in 11 patients, with no increase in complications. Complications were few; drowsiness occurred in 9%, dizziness was troublesome in one patient, but there was no nausea or vomiting and no one became unconscious. In situations where trained personnel are scarce, and where supervision can only be given at the time of the procedure and even at moderate altitudes Entonox is a clinically effective safe analgesic.
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PMID:Entonox for casualties at 1000 m: use of nitrous oxide analgesia in Nigeria at moderate altitude. 650 31

Thirty healthy women in active labour received an intrathecal injection of morphine 0.5 mg (n = 12) or 1 mg (n = 18) in 7.5% dextrose. Both doses provided excellent analgesia for labour, 93% of patients obtaining at least 50% pain relief. Analgesia began 15-60 min after injection and did not decrease until 6-8 h after injection. Analgesia was satisfactory until distension of the perineum, either by forceps or the infant's head. The intrathecal injection of morphine did not adversely affect the condition of the infant. Eighty per cent of patients developed pruritus; 53%, nausea or vomiting, or both; 43%, urinary retention; and 43%, drowsiness. These side effects were decreased by naloxone, which did not affect the degree of analgesia. There was no significant depression of ventilation in any patient. These results suggest that morphine 0.5 mg or 1 mg, administered intrathecally, effectively decreases the pain of labour, and that i.v. administration of naloxone can alleviate the common side effects.
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PMID:Intrathecal administration of hyperbaric morphine for the relief of pain in labour. 654 39

The analgesic response to codeine of patients with postpartum uterine-cramp pain has recently met with controversy. To readdress this question, we conducted a new study comparing codeine sulfate, 60 mg (N = 32) and 120 mg (N = 31), with aspirin, 650 mg (N = 34), and placebo (N = 32) in hospitalized women with moderate or severe postpartum uterine cramps treated with single oral doses in a parallel, stratified, randomized, double-blind trial. Subjective reports were used as indices of response, and patients rated pain intensity, pain relief, and side effects at periodic, uniformly conducted interviews for 6 hr. Most measures of analgesia exhibited important differences among the treatments. In patients with undifferentiated pain (N = 129) and in a subset of patients with pure uterine cramps (N = 56; i.e., no concomitant episiotomy), aspirin showed the greatest response, whereas codeine responses were equivocal with no evidence of a positive dose response. In contrast, in a subset of patients with mixed episiotomy-uterine pain (N = 73), 120 mg codeine showed good separation from placebo and compared favorably with aspirin. Codeine, 60 mg, showed a similar trend, and there was a strong suggestion of dose-dependent analgesia. Side effects were not remarkable except for dizziness and drowsiness after 120 mg codeine in all sets and subsets of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Codeine and aspirin analgesia in postpartum uterine cramps: qualitative aspects of quantitative assessments. 661 71

Morphine sulphate 5 mg and placebo administered epidurally after caesarean section under epidural analgesia were compared in a double-blind fashion. Morphine was significantly superior to placebo for pain relief, duration of pain relief, and reduction of parenteral narcotic requirements. Pruritus was the most commonly encountered side-effect. There was no statistical difference between morphine and placebo in the incidence of urinary catheterisation, vomiting, nausea, dizziness or drowsiness. No serious respiratory depression requiring treatment was observed.
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PMID:Epidural morphine after caesarean section. 686 75


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