Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Renin activity and aldosterone concentration in plasma and excretion of sodium and potassium in urine were measured during a period of 24 hours in 12 patients undergoing hysterectomy under general anaesthesia or epidural analgesia. Analgesia extended from T4 to S5 and was effective throughout the study. The normal stress-induced increase in plasma renin activity and aldosterone was inhibited by epidural analgesia. Urinary excretion of potassium was significantly lower in the epidural group, but sodium and water retention showed no difference between groups. It is concluded that neurogenic stimuli from the surgical area are important release mechanisms of the renin-aldosterone response to surgery. The results suggest that post-operative sodium retention is caused by factors other than the mineralocorticoid system.
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PMID:Epidural analgesia inhibits the renin and aldosterone response to surgery. 48 83

Polypeptides are endogenous agents, involved in the regulation of many physiologic functions and the pathogenesis of several diseases. Polypeptide antagonists form a group of new chemical entities which may provide valid therapeutic agents. Some polypeptides (angiotensin, kinins) are released through the action of proteolytic enzymes (renin, kallikreins) and act as hormones or autacoids; others (substance P, neurotensin) are synthetized by nervous cells to serve as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators. The main homeostatic role of the renin-angiotensin system is to uphold high systemic arterial blood pressure. Overproduction of renin and insufficient checking of renin secretion are among the most common causes of arterial hypertension. Several forms of arterial hypertension (neurovascular, idiopathic) benefit from a reduction in renin-angiotensin system activity. This is achieved either through decreasing renin secretion, by inhibiting conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II, or through blocking the peripheral actions (at the receptor sites) of angiotensin II. Renin secretion is very significantly reduced by beta-blocking agents (propranolol); conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II is inhibited by teprotide, captopril and their derivatives; peripheral actions of angiotensin II are blocked by saralasin. Bradykinin and related agents produce vasodilation, increase vascular permeability and stimulate pain fibers. Kinins thus reproduce the cardinal features of inflammation and are held to be mediators of the inflammatory reaction. The substance P neuropeptide is found in the brain and bowel; it may act as a transmitter of the sensation of pain at the spinal cord and central nervous system sites. Among other effects outside of the brain, substance P is a potent vasodilator and inhibits renin secretion. Neurotensin is a neuropeptide which produces hypothermia, muscular relaxation and analgesia. Outside of the brain, this peptide is involved in the regulation of gastric secretion, intestinal motility and insulin and glucagon secretion. The vasoactive intestinal peptide, found in certain cholinergic nerve endings, is a large peptide which inhibits gastric secretion, intestinal motility and vascular tone.
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PMID:[Polypeptides and antagonists]. 620 6

Paired maternal venous (MV) before (P1) and after (P2) general anesthesia, cord venous (CV) and cord arterial (CA) blood was taken from two groups of primagravid women, one delivered vaginally and the other by elective lower segment Caesarian section (ELSCS). ACTH, Cortisol (CoSol) Aldosterone (Aldo) Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) Plasma Renin Concentration (PRC) Angiotensin II (AII) Solium (N alpha) and Potassium [K]+ were measured in both study groups. Of the various hormones studied, all but cortisol were raised in the P2 sample with only ACTH and AII achieving significant increase. A number of significant positive correlations was found between P1 and P2 samples as well as between the hormones themselves. Four of the vaginally delivered group received epidural analgesia and demonstrated significantly higher levels of ACTH and CoSol in the CV sample. A comparison of the studied variables between the two groups showed a significant decrease in the ELSCS group of ACTH and CoSol in the MV sample, of ACTH, CoSol, PRC in the CV sample, and of CoSol in the CA sample. Of all the parameters, studied, only [K]+ together with Aldo was found to be elevated in the CV sample of the ELSCS group but only [K]+ achieved significant increase.
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PMID:The effects of anesthesia and mode of delivery on the parameters of the renin-angiotensin system. 630 54

This study evaluated, the influence of mode of delivery, obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia on the maternal plasma renin angiotension system (RAS) in the normotensive primigravidae (n-10) and those with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) (n-18). A total of 56 plasma samples from these subjects were assayed for Plasma Renin Concentration (PRC) and Plasma Renin Activity (PRA), using the radio-immunoassay technique. The normotensive subjects had normal delivery, while their hypertensive counterparts were delivered vaginally under lumbar epidural analgesia (n = 10) and with Caesarean Section (n = 8). The blood sample for the study were taken pre-labour, and immediately after delivery. The mean pre-labour PRC and PRA levels for the normotensive subjects were 5.73 +/- 0.25, and 3.56 +/- 0.13 ngml.1hr-1; and the post-delivery PRC and PRA values were 4.43 +/- 0.18 and 2.1 +/- 0.05ngml-1hr-1 respectively. The mean pre-labour PRC and PRA levels for the hypertensive subjects, who were delivered under epidural analgesia were 6.38 +/- 0.52 and 3.64 +/- 0.09 ngml-1hr-1 and the post-delivery values for this group were 5.04 +/- 0.21 and 2.34 +/- 0.07 ngml-1hr-1 respectively. The mean pre-labour PRC and PRA levels for the hypertensive subjects who were delivered by Caesarean Section were 5.87 +/- 0.36 and 3.83 +/- 0.36 ngml-1hr-1 and their post-delivery PRC and PRA values were 4.55 +/- 0.30 and 2.30 +/- 0.09 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Studies of the effect of mode of delivery: obstetric analgesia and anaesthesia on maternal Plasma Renin Concentration (PRC) and Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) in the normotensive and hypertensive primigravidae. 808 Aug 22

In order to find out whether epidural analgesia, significantly altered the maternal and cord venous Plasma Renin Concentration (PRC) and Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) in the primiparae, a radioimmunoassay measurement of these renin components was carried out on 40 maternal plasma and 18 cord venous plasma samples. The subjects were 20 primiparae who had uneventful antenatal course, 10 of whom were delivered under epidural analgesia, while others (control group) (n = 10) had routine narcotic analgesia in labour. Maternal venous blood samples were taken in the lateral recumbent position at induction of labour, and immediately after delivery, while the cord venous blood samples were obtained just before or immediately after expulsion of the placenta. The mean +/- SEN of maternal pre-induction PRC and PRA, in the control group were 5.56 +/- 0.32 and 3.81 +/- 0.17 nmgl-1hr-1; while the corresponding immediate post delivery values were 5.05 +/- 0.35 and 2.33 +/- 0.06 respectively. In the epidural analgesia group, the mean maternal pre-induction and immediate post-delivery PRC and PRA values were 5.68 +/- 0.22; 3.49 +/- 0.2; and 5.05 +/- 0.35 and 2.36 +/- 0.06 ngml-1hr-1 respectively. The mean cord venous plasma PRC and PRA in the control group were 3.22 +/- 0.17 and 1.18 +/- 0.03 respectively while the corresponding PRC and PRA values for the epidural analgesia group were 2.93 +/- 0.20, and 1.24 +/- 0.04 ngml-1hr-1 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Studies of maternal plasma renin concentration (PRC) and plasma renin activity (PRA) and cord venous PRC and PRA in the primigravidae delivered under lumbar epidural analgesia. 819 60