Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mice at our institution were hypophysectomized to evaluate the effects of growth hormone on the expression of a transfected human factor IX gene. The hypophysectomy was performed in-house by using a parapharyngeal approach modified from previously published surgical techniques. Modifications included: 1) choice of ketamine-xylazine and isoflurane for anesthesia, with butorphanol for postoperative analgesia; 2) use of a V-trough for positioning mice correctly and consistently; 3) selection of increasing sizes of dental burrs to create a foramen in the cranial base through which the pituitary gland was removed; and 4) disuse of a tracheotomy for airway patency. In addition, verification of successful gland removal was assessed by measuring major urinary protein (MUP) in the urine; presence of MUP indicated incomplete hypophysectomy. This assessment enabled antemortem determination of surgical success by using a single urine collection. Each of these modifications contributed to the success of the surgical procedure. We had a safe and reliable anesthetic regimen, consistent positioning of the surgical patient, and smooth and rapid penetration of the cranium. In our experience, the tracheotomy described in previous techniques was unnecessary, as the mice tolerated brief periods of apnea (approximately 5 sec maximum) while the trachea was retracted. Here we seek to provide details that will assist those interested in learning this technique and that will reduce the number of mice needed for practice. Other applications include a method of evaluating the production of growth hormone without euthanizing the animal.
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PMID:Technique for performance and evaluation of parapharyngeal hypophysectomy in mice. 1654 46

Women who are carriers for hemophilia are usually considered as safe carriers. However, they can present hemorragic symptoms associated with low factor VIII or IX levels. During pregancy, factor VIII increases whereas factor IX does not. The peripartum period is at risk of increased bleeding in these women. Here are presented reports of clinical data concerning two hemophilia carriers with low factor VIII or IX (30-40%) during the peripartum period. They received remifentanil and ketamine for labor pain management because of contraindication of epidural and spinal analgesia. Delivery occured quickly but they presented immediate moderate postpartum haemorrage. They did not necessitate blood transfusion. The one with hemophilia A received desmopressin just after delivery and the other one received factor IX when she arrived in delivery room. Blood factor VIII or IX has to be assessed in these women with familial history of hemophilia and bleeding. During pregnancy, factor VIII increases and can be assessed many times during pregnancy expecting a level over 50%. Factor IX does not really increase during pregancy and hemorrage can occur. Epidural and spinal anesthesia seem to be contraindicated as far as recommandations are concerned. Coagulation factor substitution is a mean of increasing factor level before these anaesthesias and can be discussed for each case.
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PMID:[Peripartum period and hemophilia carriers]. 2416 Dec 96