Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was undertaken to determine whether the cortical potential (CEP) evoked by noxious electrical stimulation of the incisor tooth pulp can be used to measure analgesia in the presence of sedation in the awake rat. Changes in the CEP produced by morphine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg s.c.), an opioid analgesic with sedative effects, were compared with those produced by droperidol (1.25 mg/kg s.c.), a neuroleptic agent with no analgesic activity. Both drugs had similar small effects on CEP latency. However, whereas morphine produced a dose-related decrease in amplitude and area under the curve, particularly in the earliest component of the CEP, droperidol produced an increase in amplitude and area under the curve. Naloxone (0.5-2 mg/kg s.c.) reversed all effects of morphine. Similar CEPs could be evoked by electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp or surrounding gingiva in lightly anesthetized rats. However, the tooth pulp stimulation-evoked CEP was unchanged after anesthesia of the gingiva with lidocaine, and the gingiva-evoked CEP was unchanged after anesthesia of the tooth pulp. Therefore, stimulation of the rat's incisor can selectively activate intrapulpal fibers, which are sufficient to generate a CEP. This CEP is an indicator of nociception which can be used to distinguish the analgesic effects of drugs such as morphine from their sedative effects.
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PMID:Cortical potentials evoked by tooth pulp stimulation differentiate between the analgesic and sedative effects of morphine in awake rats. 801 53

The porphyrias comprise a group of disorders of the haem biosynthesis pathway that can present with acute neurovisceral symptoms, skin lesions or both. Acute porphyrias present with severe abdominal pain, confusion and seizures which may be life-threatening. Specific treatment with haem preparations should be instituted as soon as possible following confirmation of increased excretion of porphobilinogen in the urine. Supportive treatment includes opiate analgesia, monitoring for and treating complications such as hypertension and hyponatraemia. Follow-up should include counselling on lifestyle modification involving avoidance of alcohol, smoking and known porphyrogenic drugs and diet. Identification and counselling of at risk relatives is essential. The cutaneous porphyrias result from porphyrin-induced photosensitivity and can present with either acute photosensitivity or skin fragility and blisters. All cutaneous porphyrias can be alleviated by avoidance of sunlight. Treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria involves administering large doses of beta-carotene, which may improve tolerance to sunlight. Porphyria cutanea tarda can be effectively treated by phlebotomy or low dose chloroquine. Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is a rare, early onset, severe, photomutilating condition for which bone marrow transplantation has been shown to be successful.
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PMID:Management of acute and cutaneous porphyrias. 1207 10