Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bilateral microinjection of muscimol (60 ng), a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist, into the central region of the substantia nigra (pars reticulata) produced self-injurious behavior (SIB), stereotyped behavior and analgesic-like effects in rats. Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the midbrain reticular formation ventrolateral to the periaqueductal gray matter completely blocked the SIB but had little effect on stereotyped behavior produced by intranigral muscimol. Lesions of the midbrain reticular formation reduced the antinociceptive effect of intranigral muscimol on the tail-flick but not on the hot-plate test. Bilateral microinjection of muscimol (10-100 ng) into the midbrain reticular formation produced intense stereotyped behavior and had an analgesic-like effect on the hot-plate test but not on the tail-flick test. Stereotyped behavior appeared to interfere with the paw-lick response on the hot-plate test. These data suggest that the antinociceptive effect of intranigral muscimol on the tail-flick test is mediated by fibers that project to or pass through the midbrain reticular formation and that analgesia may play an important role in muscimol-induced SIB. The midbrain reticular formation does not appear to be involved in the stereotyped behavior produced by intranigral muscimol.
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PMID:Involvement of the midbrain reticular formation in self-injurious behavior, stereotyped behavior, and analgesia induced by intranigral microinjection of muscimol. 300 34

The neuropharmacological profile of the total fungal extract of F. moniliforme (FM) has been investigated. FM produced dose related decrease in spontaneous motor activity (SMA) and exploratory activity, potentiated pentobarbitone hypnosis and the anticonvulsant actions of phenobarbitone and phenytoin against MES seizures, potentiated PTZ and tryptamine seizures, antagonised reserpine induced syndrome, attenuated tetrabenazine and morphine induced catalepsy and potentiated haloperidol catalepsy. FM showed per se antinociceptive activity and potentiated morphine analgesia. It increased rectal temperature, antagonised reserpine and apomorphine hypothermia and potentiated the hyperthermic response of haloperidol and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and hypothermic response of betaphenylethylamine (PEA) and L-dopa. FM had no per se effect on amphetamine lethality, but enhanced the lethality induced by morphine in aggregated animals. Stereotypy by amphetamine was potentiated while that of apomorphine was not affected. The behavioural response of 5-HTP and L-dopa was potentiated. FM had no effect on swim induced behavioural despair. The effect on aggressive behavior was complex, and while the cumulative aggressive score was reduced, the onset of fighting behaviour and contact period was increased. It also inhibited clonidine induced auto mutilation. Since earlier investigation had shown that FM, like nialamide, induced non-selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO), the results were compared with those induced by nialamide. A comparative profile of action reveals that the neuropharmacological action of FM are qualitatively similar to those induced by nialamide, and likely to be due to inhibition of MAO. The investigation has practical implications because F. moniliforme is a common contaminant of cereals and fruits.
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PMID:Neuropharmacological studies on Fusarium toxins--I: Total toxin extract from Fusarium moniliforme. 906 73