Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis was diagnosed post mortem when a dog died four days after surgery for a femoral head resection. Possible causative factors associated with halothane anaesthesia, flunixin meglumine analgesia and prophylactic antibiotic therapy with trimethoprim-sulphadiazine are discussed. It is concluded that death was due to renal failure associated with tubulo-interstitial nephritis as a result of a combination of ischaemic and toxic events.
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PMID:Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis in a dog after halothane anaesthesia and administration of flunixin meglumine and trimethoprim-sulphadiazine. 146 25

Although numerous NSAIDs are available for use in the management of rheumatic disease, most of the members of this large class of drugs possess very similar characteristics. The great majority are acidic compounds. The acidity of the drugs allow distribution not only into inflamed tissues but also the kidneys and gastric mucosa. It is likely that these compounds produce anti-inflammatory analgesia by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. As a result of these similarities, NSAIDs have in general relative similar efficacy and toxicity when used in appropriate dosages. Common adverse effects include dyspepsia, gastritis, mucosal ulcers, interstitial nephritis and acute renal failure. Most of the adverse effects associated with the clinical use of these drugs are related to their effect on prostaglandin production. In some susceptible individuals, the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may result in a potentially fatal bronchospastic episode. Most clinical trials fail to consistently distinguish between NSAIDs. Patients however often develop distinct preferences for certain NSAIDs. The reason for this is still obscure but may reflect subtle pharmacological differences between these drugs. NSAIDs with short half-lives are quite effective on an 8 or 12 hourly dosage regimen. Compounds with longer half-lives may be associated with accumulation in the elderly and hence a higher risk of toxicity. The use of NSAIDs in the management of rheumatic disease should therefore be highly individualised.
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PMID:NSAIDS--a consideration of their efficacy and toxicity. 265 71

Postoperative analgesia should be adjusted to current needs of a patient. Non-opioid agents are recommended, wherever possible: both non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), metamizole or paracetamol may be useful for treatment of acute pain. The use of metamizole is associated with such complications as bone marrow damage (agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia), chronic interstitial nephritis, gastro-intestinal disturbances, etc. Paracetamol, currently also intravenous, is likely to cause hepatocyte damage, renal necrosis, as well as vomiting, diarrhoea and skin reactions. Opinions about metamizole are controversial. In some countries, metamizole was withdrawn already in the 70ties of the previous century; in others, it is still widely used. According to the Uppsala Monitoring Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring, the number of adverse effects registered in the years 1978-2009 (March) was 14441 for metamizol and 67581 for paracetamol. Modern multimodal analgesia should be based on a good combination of analgesics. Both metamizole and paracetamol may be used for such a purpose, yet in the lowest effective doses, within the shortest needed time and once evident contraindications have been considered. Safety of both drugs is several times higher than that of commonly used NSAIDs.
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PMID:[Safety of metamizole and paracetamol for acute pain treatment]. 1999 7