Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344307 (analgesia)
 28,200 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of spinal cord arteriovenous malformation was reported, in whom serial selective spinal angiogram and pantopaque myelogram showed a successful demonstration of intramedullary nidus. A 25-year-old male was admitted with paraparesis, impotence, hypesthesia and hypalgesia in his legs in 1974. He was diagnosed to have a spinal cord arteriovenous malformation of so-called "glomus type" with intramedullary nidus by the selective spinal angiogram and pantopaque myelogram. The nidus was fed by the anterior spinal artery through the 8th intercostal artery, from which a major draining vein extended caudally, but there was also some cranial drainage. The arteriovenous malformation was treated by surgical excision combined with afferent vessels coagulation in order to prevent the rupture of the remaining intramedullary nidus. After operation the patient develop a transient analgesia and girdle pain at T9-10 level, but after 42 days he regained full muscle power in his legs and could run by himself, while sensory disturbance remained about the same as before surgery.
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PMID:[Treatment of spinal cord arteriovenous malformation by surgical excision combined with afferent vessel coagulation-report of a case (author's transl)]. 94 84

In the 1920s Moynihan described acute pancreatitis as "..the most terrible of all intra-abdominal calamities". He established a practice of immediate surgical intervention to remove the toxic products accumulating in the peritoneal cavity, and this treatment was endorsed by most centres, remaining the standard therapy for the next 20 years. In the 1940s, the mortality of patients treated surgically was shown to be far higher than those treated conservatively, and a more conservative line of management was recommended, comprising nasogastric stomach decompression, intravenous fluid therapy, opiate analgesia, and the administration of atropine. Despite half a century passing, a clinician would not be criticised for adopting such a regime today, which in part reflects the lack of understanding of this condition and the failure of seemingly appropriate therapy. Reduction in mortality is a consequence of advances in intensive care preventing the high early mortality of organ failure, but the area of specific therapy remains elusive. While this is so, the mortality rates for these patients will remain static, while the doctor continues to feel clinically impotent.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis: assessment and management. 876

There are now four types of opioid receptors. The new designations OP(1), OP(2) and OP(3) correspond, respectively, to the classic delta-, kappa- and micro-nomenclature. OP(4) was previously known as ORL(1), the receptor for the endogenous heptadecapeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ. Although the cellular effects of nociceptin resemble those of conventional OP(1), OP(2), and OP(3) opioid agonists, its effects on nociceptive processes are quite different. Nociceptin produces spinal analgesia but appears to antagonize the effects of opioids. Following the recent synthesis of the nonpeptide OP(4) agonist Ro-64-6198 by Hoffmann-La Roche and the nonpeptide OP(4) antagonist J-113397 by Banyu, the nociceptin-OP(4) system now represents a viable and intriguing new target for drug design. OP(4) agonists may be of use in the management of neuropathic pain, anxiety, anorexia, epilepsy, drug dependence, male impotence, hypertension, cerebral ischemia and neurogenic bladder. They may also serve as novel diuretics and to help to reduce gastrointestinal motility. OP(4) antagonists may be of use as general analgesics and in the improvement of memory function. This review covers the recent exciting progress in this field, compares the actions of OP(4) agonists and antagonists with those of classic opioids, and seeks to predict some of the untoward effects that may be seen with such drugs.
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PMID:The nociceptin receptor as a potential target in drug design. 1281 96

Among patients with chronic unrelieved pain, war veterans of eight years long Iraq - Iran war deserve especial attention. They not only suffer from severe intractable pain but also should bear some intangible consequences of unrelieved pain and severe disability. This perspective study reviews the outcome of implantation of intrathecal opioid pumps in these patients. Ten war veterans (mean age 43.36) with chronic nonmalignant pain included in this perspective study. Medical records reviewed to identify pain diagnosis, medication intake prior to implantation, details of the intrathecal opioid trial and date of implantation, surgical and technical complications. Outcome measures were global pain relief, physical activity levels, intrathecal opioid side effects, medication consumption and patient satisfaction. Overall pain relief at the time of study was 60%. Mean pain relief was 53%. A majority of patients reported improvements in physical activity levels and were satisfied with this type of therapy. Impotence and constipation were two most common pharmacological side effects. No surgical complication reported. The study showed that this type of therapy in Iranian war veterans improved analgesia, increased self-report physical activity levels and in spite of high incidence of pharmacological side effects, most of the patients were satisfied with this type of therapy. These results are comparable to those of previous studies in this field.
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PMID:Outcome of continuous intrathecal opioid therapy for management of chronic pain in Iranian veterans of the imposed Iraq- Iran war. 2196 79

Detailed reports of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in patients receiving morphine analgesia were published in 2010. Symptoms included flushing and sweating, amenorrhoea, impotence and decreased libido. Epidemiological studies have examined a possible link between hypogonadism and opioid use, in both patients and drug addicts. Statistically significant decreases in plasma hormone concentrations were found, with lower testosterone and LH levels in men, and lower oestradiol, progesterone, LH and FSH levels in women. Animal studies have provided consistent results. It is suspected that opioids affect the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, inhibiting LH secretion. Patients should be warned of this risk. If signs of hypogonadism occur in a patient taking an opioid, the benefits and harms of treatment should be reassessed. If possible, the dose should be reduced or the opioid withdrawn.
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PMID:Opioids and hypogonadism. 2251 35

Zha-xun is widely used in Tibetan medicine and is also an international traditional medicine. This article would summarize the use status and research progress of Zha-xun by various ethnic groups all over the world, and the results show that it has various synonyms but most of them imply its most characteristic feature-outflow from the rock; Zha-xun resources are distributed in various places of the world, and its bearing spots are closely related to the geological structure; there are sharp arguments on the origins of Zha-xun, mainly including the minerals origin, biological fossils origin, biological origin, etc. Zha-xun has multiple functions and is mainly used to treat stomach disease, liver disease and rheumatoid arthritis in China, and premature ejaculation, impotence, vaginitis embolism in foreign countries. "Iron" Zha-xun is used into medicines both at home and abroad. According to ancient materia medica texts, it was mainly classified into five types, including gold Zha-xun, silver Zha-xun, copper Zha-xun, iron Zha-xun and lead Zha-xun mainly based on the predominance of color rather than the minerals contained. It is commonly believed by the domestic and foreign scholars that humic acid is the main medicinal part of Zha-xun, and their studies have found that it has a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, liver protection, analgesia, immune regulation, increasing sexual desire and fertility, antioxidation, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiepileptic, antipsychotic, etc. This paper provides a scientific basis for the rational utilization of Zha-xun resources.
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PMID:[Research progress of Tibetan medicine "Zha-xun"]. 2975