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Query: UMLS:C0344232 (blurred vision)
 2,072 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Postural hypotension is uncommon in diabetes but can occur secondary to autonomic neuropathy. Symptoms are rare and include dizziness, weakness, blurred vision, tiredness, and loss of consciousness. The pathophysiology of postural hypotension is not clear, but changes in intravascular volume, heart rate, cardiac output, and splanchnic vascular resistance are similar in patients and controls. The main factors producing hypotension are a blunted catecholamine response to standing, and failure of lower limb vascular resistance to increase adequately. Treatment for symptomatic postural hypotension includes avoidance of dehydration, adequate salt intake, and fludrocortisone. Other treatments are reviewed but are less helpful. Patients with postural hypotension have intermittent symptoms over the years but rarely become severely disabled. They have a poorer prognosis than patients with symptomatic autonomic neuropathy without postural hypotension.
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PMID:Postural hypotension in diabetic autonomic neuropathy: a review. 775 54

Preeclampsia is characterized by increases in blood pressure and proteinuria in late pregnancy; while neurological symptoms can appear in the form of headaches, blurred vision, cerebral edema, and in the most severe cases seizures (eclampsia). The causes for these cerebral manifestations remain unknown, so the use of animal models that mimic preeclampsia is essential to understanding its pathogenesis. The Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl SS/jr) rat model develops spontaneous preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension; therefore, we hypothesized that the Dahl SS/jr rat would display similar cerebrovascular features as those seen in human preeclampsia. Further, we predicted that this model would allow for the identification of mechanisms underlying these changes. The pregnant Dahl SS/jr rat displayed increased cerebral edema and blood brain barrier disruption despite tighter control of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and vascular smooth muscle myogenic tone. Analysis of cerebral endothelial cell morphology revealed increased opening of tight junctions, basement membrane dissolution, and vesicle formation. RNAseq analysis identified that genes related to endothelial cell tight junctions and blood brain barrier integrity were differentially expressed in cerebral vessels from pregnant Dahl SS/jr compared to healthy pregnant Sprague Dawley rats. Overall, our data reveal new insights into mechanisms involved in the cerebrovascular dysfunction of preeclampsia.
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PMID:Endothelial Cell Disruption drives Increased Blood Brain Barrier Permeability and Cerebral Edema in the Dahl SS/jr rat model of superimposed preeclampsia. 3327 18