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 2,072 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper investigates the acute effects of carbofuran in workers of two pesticide-formulating plants. Mean airborne carbofuran concentrations ranged from 0.025 to 1.115 mg/m3 in plant A and from 0.018 to 0.067 mg/m3 in plant B, respectively. In workers of plant A the post-shift blood cholinesterase activity was significantly reduced, compared to pre-shift values. No difference in blood cholinesterase activity was found between pre- and post-shift values in workers of plant B. During the investigation, 25 cases of acute carbofuran poisoning were diagnosed by their clinical picture and depressed cholinesterase activity in blood. Usual symptoms included dizziness, weakness, blurred vision, nausea and sweating. Pallor, epigastric pain, vomiting and chest tightness occurred only in a few cases. Myosis was recorded in 24 cases. Fasciculation of muscle gastrocnemius induced by percussion was found in 6 cases, and four of them had also fasciculation of muscle orbicularis oculi. Inhibition of cholinesterase activity in the blood was related with the clinical features; however, the inhibition was rapidly reversible. In most cases, recovery was complete within 2-3 hours, with or without atropine treatment, after the subjects were removed from exposure. Rapid onset, mild illness and quick recovery are typical characteristics of occupational acute carbofuran poisoning.
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PMID:Acute effects of carbofuran in workers of two pesticide plants. 1021 31

A retrospective review of 302 cases of eclampsia treated at the Specialist Hospital Gombe (SHG), between January 1st 1997 and December 31st 1999 is presented. Intrapartum eclampsia was the commonest presentation, occurring in 166 (55.0%) patients. Headache, blurred vision, and epigastric pain preceded the first episode of seizure in 272 (90.0%) of the cases. The diastolic blood pressure of 110 mmHg or more was recorded in 102 (33.8%) of the study group. Eclampsia was more common among teenage mothers 202 (66.9%), and primigravidae 222 (73.5%). Spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred in 159 (52.6%) of the patients. Caesarean section was performed in 122 (40.4%) of the cases. Pyrexia was the commonest morbidity. There were 35 maternal deaths giving a case fatality rate of 11.6%. There were 111 (36.8%) perinatal deaths during the study period. Expanded sections in mass media education of the general populace and counselling young women on care during pregnancies are suggested. The provision and use of life-saving treatment is paramount, at the same time efforts towards eliminating the conditions that created the unbooked emergencies are crucial.
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PMID:The analysis of eclamptic morbidity and mortality in the Specialist Hospital Gombe, Nigeria. 1476 49

We conducted a retrospective study of the management and outcome for eclampsia patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) of National hospital, Abuja between November 2001 and April 2005 (42 months). The patients' case files and ICU records were used to extract the necessary data. During the study period, there were a total of 4857 deliveries, with 5051 total births (including multiple births) and 4854 live births. Forty eclamptics were admitted to the ICU, giving an ICU admission rate of 8.2/1000 live births. The records of two patients were incomplete. The average age of the patients was 28.4 years (range 17-4 years). Six patients (15.8%) were booked and 32 (84.2%) were not. The average duration of stay in ICU was 5 days. Twenty patients (52.6%) had antepartum eclampsia, 12 (31.6%) had postpartum eclampsia and six (15.8%) presented with intrapartum eclampsia. Twenty-nine (76.3%) gave birth via caesarean section and nine (23.7%) delivered per vagina augmented by oxytocin infusion. Seventeen (45%) received mechanical ventilation; 20 (53%) received oxygen via nasal prongs, nasal catheters or variable performance facemask. One patient (2%) did not receive oxygen therapy. All the patients were admitted postpartum. There were 11 maternal deaths, giving a case fatality rate of 29%. There were five (45.4%) deaths due to haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count syndrome and two (18.2%) due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. The remaining deaths were due to cerebrovascular accident (9.1%), lobar pneumonia (9.1%), acute renal failure (9.1%) and multiple organ failure (9.1%). All patients were admitted postpartum. This fatality rate is higher than that detailed in the reports reviewed in this study. Early referral of eclamptics or at risk patients to a tertiary care institution may help reduce morbidity and mortality. In addition, early referral to a facility providing basic essential obstetric care or comprehensive essential obstetric care is also important. Another important factor is the correct diagnosis of pre-eclampsia during antenatal and postpartum care by screening, noting blood pressure levels, performing urinalysis for protein and asking about warning signs such as headache, blurred vision, epigastric pain, etc.
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PMID:Critical care management of eclamptics: challenges in an African setting. 1830 51

A 24-year-old Vietnamese woman presented with a 3-month history of non-itchy erythematous plaques on the face, trunk and limbs. Borderline lepromatous leprosy was confirmed by clinical findings, acid-fast bacilli on skin biopsy specimen and skin smear and a history of exposure. Around the twentieth day of World Health Organization (WHO) multibacillary standard treatment (rifampin 600 mg per month, dapsone 100 mg per day, clofazimine 300 mg per month and 50 mg per day for 1 year), she developed fever, general malaise, blurred vision, cough, nausea, epigastric pain, and arthralgia. The skin lesions also became swollen. During hospitalization, her illness was complicated by retrobulbar optic neuritis, secondary bacterial pneumonia, pleuritis, ascites, hepatitis, antral gastritis, progressive normocytic anemia, and peripheral sensory loss. The patient recovered after receiving systemic steroid pulse therapy (prednisolone equivalent dose 1250 mg) with systemic antibiotics (cefuroxime), adjustment of her anti-lepromatous therapy, and supportive care. She resumed the WHO multibacillary regimen uneventfully. This patient presented with a diverse type 1 reaction, which is a complex immune response in leprosy. We found that the judicious use of high dose steroids followed by a slow tapering course is beneficial in managing patients with a severe type 1 reaction. At the 1-year follow up, the patient had generalized skin hyperpigmentation resulted from long-term clofazamine use and numbness on feet without other systemic sequelae.
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PMID:Corticosteroid pulse therapy for leprosy complicated by a severe type 1 reaction. 1856 21

Headache makes one of the most common side effects of frequently pesticide application. This is to be taken care of in rural areas. Headaches have been reported with the use of ivermectin, ivermectin-diethylcarbamazine, organophosphates, and also with the fungicide maneb and copper sulfate, carbofuran, hexonal, dioxin, methomyl and its salts, as well as rare cases of poisoning with the fungicide combination of propineb and cymoxanil. Headache often occurs after long term work with pesticides and/or in laboratories. There are numerous symptoms accompanying headache in pesticide poisoning the most common being elevated body temperature, lassitude, dizziness, irritability, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, diarrhea, myalgia, pains in the arms and legs, sleepiness, pains in joints, irritation of eyes/face/skin, sweating. Much less common are respiratory disturbances, tachycardia, tachypnea and other cardiac distur bances, fall of blood pressure, gastrointestinal discomforts, constipation, poor appetite, significant decrease in leukocyte count, anemia, albuminuria, azotemia, fasciculations, miosis, blurred vision, memory disturbances and other neurologic disturbances, postural tremor, signs of cerebral function damage, bradykinesia, etc.
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PMID:[Headache caused by pesticides--a review of the literature]. 1871 90