Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344232 (blurred vision)
 2,072 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report on thirteen patients who developed a variety of symptoms after transurethral resection of the prostate; confusion, seizures, blurred vision with mydriasis, nausea and vomiting, bradycardia, and hypotension. This post-resection syndrome is caused by resorption of a large amount of the hypotonic solution used during the surgical procedure and containing 1.5% glycine. Postoperative sodium levels were assayed in all patients and consistently found to be low (105 to 124 mEq/l). Serum glycine was measured in three patients and the very high levels found suggest that absorption of glycine during transurethral resection of the prostate may contribute to the symptoms of encephalopathy.
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PMID:[Resorption of the lavage fluid during transurethral resection of the prostate. Apropos of 13 cases]. 229 46

Reported is the case of an 18-year-old woman, nine days postpartum, who presented to the emergency department with slightly elevated blood pressure, headache, and blurred vision. She had minimal swelling of her face and hands. The patient then began having focal seizure activity. A diagnosis of postpartum eclampsia was made, and she was started on IV magnesium sulfate and hospitalized. The patient responded well to IV magnesium sulfate and required no antihypertensives. The subtle presentation of a nine-day postpartum patient who developed eclampsia, and additional points of controversy and differential diagnoses are discussed.
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PMID:Postpartum eclampsia. 280 87

In this study of ibuprofen overdose, symptoms developed in 19% of patients (24 of 126)--in 7% of children (6 of 88) and in 47% of adults (18 of 38). Central nervous system depression, seizures, gastrointestinal disturbances, bradycardia, hypotension, apnea, abnormal renal functions, hematuria, nystagmus, and blurred vision were observed. No patients became symptomatic more than four hours after ingestion. There was no significant difference (P greater than .05) between symptomatic and asymptomatic adult groups in either total milligrams or milligram-per-kilogram amounts ingested by history. Pediatric patients who became symptomatic had a mean ingestion by history of 440 mg/kg; those who remained asymptomatic had a mean ingestion by history of 114 mg/kg (P less than .001). No patients ingesting less than 99 mg/kg by history developed any symptoms. Two children had seizures or apnea and one died. Ibuprofen occasionally may cause serious toxicity in overdose.
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PMID:Ibuprofen overdose: 126 cases. 377 88

W-554 (ADD 03055, 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate) has broad-spectrum antiepileptic activity in animal models of epilepsy. We evaluated its pharmacokinetics and toxicity as an adjunctive medication in eight adult male patients with uncontrolled seizures, treated with phenytoin (n = 4) or carbamazepine (n = 4). After a single 200-mg dose, peak W-554 serum levels of 2.65-4.10 mg/L were achieved in 1-4 h. Half-lives were 11.2-16.1 h and clearance varied from 34.2-64.6 ml/h X kg. The apparent volume of distribution was 0.726-1.046 L/kg. Chronic dosing at 400, 800, 1,200, and 1,600 mg/day resulted in median steady-state trough levels of 5.1, 10.2, 14.6, and 20.3 mg/L. A second kinetic study at the end of chronic dosing indicated no change in volume of distribution, decreased clearance, and increased half-life, compared with single dose data. Urinary excretion of unchanged drug was 13.8-28.6% of the dose. Only one subject had toxicity (mild blurred vision and tremor) possibly attributable to W-554. Seizure control was improved in six of eight subjects, and seizures were less severe in three, while on W-554. Addition of W-554 resulted in increases in serum phenytoin levels, and small decreases in serum carbamazepine levels.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of W-554 (ADD 03055) in epileptic patients. 407 64

Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri), a syndrome common to a number of disorders, is characterized by headaches and blurred vision. The patient is alert and has papilledema without localizing signs. Air studies show normal ventricles under increased pressure. The authors describe 61 consecutive cases of this pseudotumour, 48 of which were in fat young women, and propose that this group represents a clinical entity that has hitherto received little attention.In these 61 patients, 40 complete-exchange pneumoencephalograms showed normal ventricles, normal fluid volume and prominent cortical sulci. In 32, subtemporal decompression resulted in prompt and lasting relief. Three patients had late convulsive seizures after surgery. Seven patients had nasal quadrantanopsias, the implications of which are discussed. The authors believe that the high intracranial pressure in this condition is due to cerebral hyperemia, not brain edema. Further investigation will perhaps demonstrate a relationship between obesity, vascular dilatation and increased intracranial pressure.
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PMID:Benign intracranial hypertension with particular reference to its occurrence in fat young women. 529 76

The records of 37 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) followed at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1968 and 1978 were reviewed for evidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Criteria for CNS involvement included evidence of organic brain syndrome, electroencephalographic abnormalities with symptoms referable to CNS, or objective neurologic signs. Sixteen of 37 children had CNS involvement (43%). Thirteen patients had CNS involvement at the onset of SLE. Three patients had late onset CNS manifestations 1 to 2 years after the diagnosis of SLE. The most frequently observed symptoms were headache, behavior disorder, lethargy, diplopia, blurred vision, memory alteration, dizziness, and alteration of consciousness. The most frequently observed neurologic signs were seizures, cranial nerve palsy, ataxia, papilledema, nystagmus, meningitis, tremor, rigidity, cortical blindness, and coma. Neuropsychiatric manifestations included organic brain syndrome, functional psychosis, and personality disorder. Laboratory tests showed elevated cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure and protein, negative cultures, and abnormal electroencephalograms and computerized axial tomography scans. Fourteen of 16 children with CNS manifestations are alive. Thirteen had a mean IQ of 89 by the Wechsler Intelligence Tests. Twelve are in educational programs. One required long-term psychiatric care. A residual neurologic abnormality, a seizure disorder, was present in 3. CNS involvement with SLE in children carries a favorable prognosis.
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PMID:Central nervous system involvement in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. 731 16

Numerous clinical reports and several controlled clinical trials have confirmed that vigabatrin is both effective and well-tolerated as an add-on treatment for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. This report presents the results of a study of 40 patients (22 women and 18 men), aged 19-60 years (mean 37 years), with partial seizures (with or without secondary generalization) and receiving carbamazepine, 600-1800 mg/day. Vigabatrin was given as first add-on drug at a dose of 2-3 g/day for an average of 6 months, in order to assess the clinical response before considering other anti-epilepsy drugs. There was a significant decrease in seizure frequency, from a median of 13 seizures/month at baseline, to 3 seizures/month during the last month on vigabatrin (p < 0.01). Seven patients became seizure-free (17.5%). The most common adverse events experienced during the study were drowsiness, diplopia/blurred vision, and were already present before vigabatrin treatment. In conclusion, vigabatrin is effective as a first add-on therapy for partial epilepsy, refractory to carbamazepine monotherapy, and appears to be a worthy clinical alternative to other drug combinations.
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PMID:Vigabatrin as first add-on treatment in carbamazepine-resistant epilepsy patients. 749 89

Lamotrigine is a novel antiepileptic that, although its mechanism is not completely understood, appears to affect voltage-activated sodium channels, resulting in inhibition of the presynaptic release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. It is well absorbed after oral administration. Its route of elimination is hepatic glucuronidation, which is susceptible to both hepatic microsomal enzyme-inducing and -inhibiting agents. In clinical trials lamotrigine was effective as add-on therapy for refractory partial seizures in adults. Small trials suggest the feasibility of monotherapy, but further controlled trials are warranted to support this practice. Additional data indicate the utility of lamotrigine for generalized seizures. Reported side effects are rash, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, diplopia, and vision abnormalities. Lamotrigine appears to be an attractive alternative to currently available antiepileptics.
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PMID:Lamotrigine. 762 59

Eight-hundred eleven case records of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by Puumala virus were reviewed, and particular attention was given to data regarding severe neurological manifestations. The most common symptoms were headache (97%), blurred vision (40%), and vomiting (31%); 27% of the patients had all three. Nine patients (1%) had severe neurological manifestations: meningism and cerebral hemorrhage occurred during the first week of illness, whereas epileptiform seizures and urinary bladder paralysis developed during the second week. In terms of the severity of renal failure, as evidenced by maximum serum creatinine levels, there was no difference between patients with or without severe neurological conditions. There was one fatal case due to cerebral hemorrhage; the other patients with severe neurological manifestations clinically recovered and did not have any neurological signs during 6 months of follow-up. HERS caused by Puumala virus, or a variant of it, may be associated with severe, potentially life-threatening neurological complications.
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PMID:Neurological manifestations of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Puumala virus: review of 811 cases. 774 25

A 13-year-old girl with a severe headache, blurred vision, altered mental status, seizures, high blood pressure, edema and hematuria is presented. With a previous history of upper respiratory tract infection, acute onset of edema, gross hematuria, high ASO and low C3 levels, she was diagnosed with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) and hypertensive encephalopathy. Computed tomography (CT) revealed symmetric hypodense areas representing edema in the parieto-occipital regions. As noted in previous reports, these CT findings are of value in establishing the diagnosis of hypertensive encephalopathy. In this particular case the CT appearance and the subsequent clinical improvement without any neurological deficit supported the diagnosis of hypertensive encephalopathy due to APSGN. We emphasize that awareness of the CT findings of hypertensive encephalopathy may facilitate in making the correct diagnosis in symptomatic hypertensive patients, especially in cases with an unusual presentation or clinical course.
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PMID:Cranial computed tomographic findings in a patient with hypertensive encephalopathy in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. 782 39


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