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Query: UMLS:C0344232 (blurred vision)
 2,072 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The sudden development of a red painful eye with blurred vision may be an acute attack of angle closure glaucoma which requires emergency attention. Once the attack is controlled with medication, surgical intervention with a peripheral iridectomy is indicated to relieve relative pupillary block. Eyes subject to angle closure glaucoma are anatomically different with 'crowded' anterior segments. In contrast, open angle glaucoma (the more common form) may progress to near blindness without symptoms. Routine screening of intraocular pressure is, therefore, necessary to make the diagnosis before extensive irreparable damage has occurred. Surgery for open angle glaucoma carries risks of cataract and infection, and is unpredictable. Open angle glaucoma patients are usually treated chronically with specific medications. Beta-Adrenoceptor blocking agents appear to provide a significant new addition to the currently available antiglaucoma medications.
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PMID:The treatment of glaucoma: role of beta-blocking agents. 3 56

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a viral illness affecting principally cerebral white matter of patients, who have diminished immunologic resistance. A patient is presented, whose initial complaint was blurred vision. Relentless progression over a period of seven months to left hemianopsia, prosopagnosia, alexia with agraphia and eventually cortical blindness was observed. Accompanying the visual impairment was a steady deterioration of mental function. Sequential computerized axial tomography defined low density lesions in the occipital white matter with sparing of the cortical ribbon. As hemianopsia progressed to cortical blindness, the scans confirmed the evolution of bilaterial occipital lesions. The diagnosis was made clinically and established on histological and cultural grounds. Computerized tomography seems to be valuable in diagnosis and monitoring progress of PML.
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PMID:[Impaired visual perception in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; a clinical diagnosis based on sequential computerized axial tomography (author's transl)]. 62 89

The ocular manifestations of acute methyl alcohol intoxication were studied in 24 men during an outbreak in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. The visual acuity, pupillary reactions to light, fundal appearances and visual fields were recorded in all patients within 72 hours of ingestion of methanol and again three months later. Three groups were identified. Nine patients had no ocular abnormality (Group 1). Seven patients had only transient ocular abnormalities (Group 2). Eight patients had permanent ocular abnormalities (Group 3). Transient abnormalities included peripapillary oedema, optic disc hyperaemia, diminished pupillary reactions to light, and central scotomata. Permanent ocular abnormalities included optic disc pallor, attenuation of arterioles, sheathing of arterioles, diminished pupillary reaction to light, diminished visual acuity, central scotomata, and other nerve fibre bundle defects. Complete blindness occurred in two patients, while severe visula deficit resulted in four others. The incidence of permanent ocular abnormalities was found to correlate with the incidence of metabolic acidosis (P less than 0.01), and with the stated volume of methanol consumed (P less than 0.05). An inverse correlation was found between stated volume of methanol consumed and onset of blurred vision. The difficulties in management and rehabilitation of these patients are discussed.
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PMID:Ocular manifestations and complications of acute methyl alcohol intoxication. 73 40

A 22-year-old man with malignant immunoblastic lymphoma had "locked-in" syndrome within 48 hours of receiving a single (100 mg) dose of intrathecal cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) in conjunction with intravenous ara-C, cisplatin, and doxorubicin. Eight hours after therapy, the patient had central hypoventilation and blurred vision that progressed to blindness within 3 hours. During the next 10 hours, he became completely quadriplegic but remained intermittently alert and was able to respond to commands by eye or head movements. Radiographic studies showed necrosis of the medulla and swelling of the entire spinal cord. The patient persisted in a locked-in state until his death 3 weeks later, after removal of life support systems. Autopsy confirmed extensive necrosis of the lower medulla, optic chiasm, cranial nerves I and IV, and spinal cord. This case was unusual for its severity. The temporal relationship to ara-C instillation favors a toxic idiosyncratic response to chemotherapy. The authors advocate caution when bolus intrathecal and intravenous ara-C are administered to a patient within a short time of each other.
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PMID:"Locked-in syndrome" after intrathecal cytosine arabinoside therapy for malignant immunoblastic lymphoma. 142 80

Cortical brain lesions were identified on MRI and CT in 14 patients with a variety of diseases. Each of these patients developed neurologic symptoms, the most prominent of which were seizures, depressed mental status, and blurred vision or cortical blindness. Both the imaging and the neurologic abnormalities resolved spontaneously within a period ranging from 5 to 30 days. Due to location and evolution of the lesions over time we hypothesize that they are secondary to small cortical venous thromboses.
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PMID:Intravascular thrombosis as a possible cause of transient cortical brain lesions: CT and MRI. 143 Apr 29

A 23-year-old woman who had an uneventful prenatal course and normal delivery developed severe, generalized headache and blurred vision on postpartum day four. The patient was noted to have generalized hyperreflexia and sustained ankle clonus. The blood pressure was 170/100 mm Hg, there was no edema, and the urine showed trace proteinuria. The visual disturbance rapidly progressed to complete blindness with preserved pupillary reactions. The patient then had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure lasting about one minute. Treatment was initiated with intravenous diazepam and phenytoin, and there was no recurrence of seizure activity. Vision returned to normal and the patient made a complete recovery. This case is presented to demonstrate progressive postpartum pre-eclampsia and the importance of early recognition and treatment. Pathophysiologic mechanisms and treatment options are discussed.
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PMID:Cortical blindness in postpartum preeclampsia progressing to eclampsia: case report. 173 43

Twenty eight fatal cases out of the 97 cases of methyl alcohol (MA) poisoning admitted to K. E. M. Hospital in August 1988 during a single outbreak were studied. The latent period between consumption of the drink and development of symptoms was variable (range 7 1/2 hours to 60 hours). CNS symptoms were predominant (75% of cases) and shock either at admission or as a late event was seen in 89% of the cases. Blurring of vision was seen in 42.8% and blindness in 10.7% of cases. Minimum fatal period was 7 1/2 hours and maximum was 12 days. Methanol levels in blood and viscera were variable (average 155.8 mg%, max. 420.4 mg%). In 4 cases, significant amount of MA was detected in stomach contents 5-12 days after consumption of MA, raising the question of resecretion of MA in stomach. Shrinkage and degeneration of neurons in the parietal cortex was seen in 85.7% of cases. Putamental degeneration and necrosis was seen in 7.14%. Haemorrhage (3.5%) and sponginess (7.14%) was observed in the optic chiasma. Severe renal tubular degeneration and patchy necrosis was seen in all cases. Fatty changes (67.8%) and microvesicular fat (42.5%) were seen in the hepatocytes.
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PMID:Methyl alcohol poisoning: an autopsy study of 28 cases. 194

An unusual case of bilateral blindness secondary to a cavernous sinus thrombosis is reported. A woman who had undergone reconstructive surgery after tumor resection of the floor of the mouth, was readmitted 1 month later with bilateral proptosis and signs of sepsis. There were no complaints of blurred vision. A CT-scan of the orbits demonstrated a bilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) secondary to an infection at the skull base behind the myocutaneous flap. A few days later she became blind, due to bilateral central retinal artery occlusion and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. The general critical condition improved with intensive AB treatment. The patient recovered well without neurological defects apart from her permanent bilateral blindness. There were no signs of tumor recurrence. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of bilateral blindness in a patient suffering from CST.
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PMID:Bilateral blindness in cavernous sinus thrombosis. 205 Apr 71

Macular edema can occur early, especially in maturity onset diabetics. These patients will usually have blurred vision. An examination (through dilated pupil) will reveal fuzziness or hard exudates in the central retina. The ETDRS proved focal laser treatment to leaking blood vessels reduces vision loss. Proliferative retinopathy occurs after 12-15 years or more of diabetes in juvenile diabetics and any time in maturity onset diabetics. Proliferative disease may be completely asymptomatic until there is a vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment. The DRS showed scatter laser treatment reduces severe visual loss by at least 50% in patients with proliferative disease. If proliferative disease is not treated, it almost always causes blindness. We must shout this message to all primary care physicians and diabetics. If we are successful, we can eliminate preventable blindness in Iowa's diabetics.
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PMID:Diabetic retinopathy. 225 70

A 49-year-old man presented with blurred vision 9 days following frontal head trauma. Visual loss progressed to bilateral blindness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed hemorrhage and swelling within the optic nerves and chiasm. Indirect trauma to the anterior visual pathways may cause delayed blindness due to hemorrhage and edema within these structures.
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PMID:Intrachiasmal hemorrhage: a cause of delayed post-traumatic blindness. 272 87


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