Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344232 (blurred vision)
 2,072 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Myopia is one of the most prevalent ocular conditions and is the result of a mismatch between the power of the eye and axial length of the eye. As a result images of distant objects are brought to a focus in front of the retina resulting in blurred vision. In the vast majority of cases the structural cause of myopia is an excessive axial length of the eye, or more specifically the vitreous chamber depth. In about 2% of the general population, the degree of myopia is above 6 dioptres (D) and is termed high myopia. The prevalence of sight-threatening ocular pathology is markedly increased in eyes with high degrees of myopia ( > -6 D). This results from the excessive axial elongation of the eye which, by necessity, must involve the outer coat of the eye, the sclera. Consequently, high myopia is reported as a leading cause of registered blindness and partial sight. Current theories of refractive development acknowledge the pivotal role of the sclera in the control of eye size and the development of myopia. This review considers the major biochemical mechanisms that underlie the normal development of the mammalian sclera and how the scleral structure influences the rate of eye growth during development. The review will characterise the aberrant mechanisms of scleral remodelling which underlie the development of myopia. In describing these mechanisms we highlight how certain critical events in both the early and later stages of myopia development lead to scleral thinning, the loss of scleral tissue, the weakening of the scleral mechanical properties and, ultimately, to the development of posterior staphyloma. This review aims to build on existing models to illustrate that the prevention of aberrant scleral remodelling must be the goal of any long-term therapy for the amelioration of the permanent vision loss associated with high myopia.
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PMID:Role of the sclera in the development and pathological complications of myopia. 1285 89

Dome-shaped macula (DSM) was described by Gaucher et al as a convex protrusion of macula within a staphyloma in highly myopic eyes that causes visual impairment associated with serous foveal detachment (SFD). We describe a patient with spontaneous resolution of SFD in DSM documented by serial spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). A 28-year-old female Japanese patient presented with blurred vision in both eyes. Upon examination, her best-corrected visual acuity was 1.2 with -8.0 sphere and 0.5 with -8.0 sphere in the right and left eyes, respectively. SD-OCT in both eyes showed an anterior bulge of the macula with SFD. The diagnosis of DSM with SFD was made on the basis of characteristic findings. Three months later, the patient achieved spontaneous resolution of SFD without treatment. One month later, there was an occurrence of SFD in the right eye, but the SFD had disappeared in 1 month. In our case, her visual impairment was proven to be a consequence of SFD in relation to DSM. SD-OCT was useful for the detection and follow-up of SFD in DSM.
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PMID:Spontaneous resolution of foveal detachment in dome-shaped macula observed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. 2437 51

An 81-year-old woman presented with blurred vision in the left eye. Best corrected visual acuity was 20/100. Ophthalmologic examination in the left eye revealed tilted disc syndrome with exudative change at the margin of inferior staphyloma. The exudative change persisted despite monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections for 5 months. Subsequently, two intravitreal aflibercept injections 1 month apart were substituted for the ranibizumab injections, resulting in successful resolution of the exudative change.
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PMID:Resolution of exudative changes refractory to ranibizumab after aflibercept injections at the margin of inferior staphyloma in tilted disc syndrome. 2585 27

To describe a case of dome-shaped macula simulating a choroidal hemangioma and discuss multimodal imaging features to distinguish between these disorders. A 52-year-old myopic male with a refraction of -8.00 D in both eyes developed blurred vision in the left eye OS) over 4 years. Fundus examination of the right eye (OD) was unremarkable. In OS, there was a subtle orange-colored mass in the macular region with subretinal fluid, suggestive of choroidal hemangioma. Upon referral, our examination disclosed an echodense mass on ultrasonography of OS, measuring 1.0 mm thickness, and additional staphyloma was noted. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) confirmed subfoveal fluid over a dome-shaped mass that originated in the sclera and not the choroid, consistent with the dome-shaped macula. The OD showed similar features, but to a lesser degree. Both eyes demonstrated choroidal thinning on EDI-OCT, related to high myopia. Dome-shaped macula can masquerade as choroidal hemangioma, especially when associated with subretinal fluid. In these cases, EDI-OCT can document "tumor" origin from within the sclera and not the choroid.
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PMID:Dome-shaped macula simulating choroidal hemangioma in a myopic patient. 2690 29